Palestinian Authority - 2018 Parliamentary Elections
In the two years since the historic 2006 elections to the Palestinian LRgislative Council (PLC), the Council has emerged as a central institution in the effort to develop a democratic political system in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Despite the Council's limited jurisdiction and setbacks to its work from both internal and external sources, a large number of PLC Members have demonstrated a commitment to making the Council a responsive and responsible legislature.
The Council is the fust legislative body to represent Palestinian residents of the West Bank, Gaza Strip and East Jerusalem. Since their election, Council Members have struggled hard to establish the Council's independence and to nurture the new source of political strength that brought them to office -- their popular mandate.
The Council had no antecedent that it is reforming, but rather faces the formidable task of buildii itself from scratch. Moreover, the Palestinian Authority, in place two years before Yasser Arafat and the PLC were elected, is unaccustomed to power sharing. The Council also works in an environment in which its jurisdiction is limited. Council Members are powerless to adopt laws in several areas of great importance to their constituents, such as Israeli government closures of the Palestinian Territories.
Significant plenary time is still wasted in setting and amending the agenda, rather than discussing the substance of the agenda. Moreover, the concept of motions seems to be a foreign idea. Votes, in addition, are not taken in a systematic manner, and often there are several amendments on the floor when a vote is taken. In its consideration of the first reading of the draft Basic Law, for example, the Council spent endless hours deliberating each article of the text, without any reference or deference to the Legal Committee's recommendations or any limitations on debate. In the end, the Basic Law draft was written entirely by an ad hoe "rewording committee" and the whole version was summarily adopted by the Council.
Public exasperation with the PU: was heightened by a lack of undemtandiag of the legislative process as well as a dearth of information about the PLC in the press. In the absence of a clear legislative process and of an executive willing to share power or work cooperatively with the legislature, PLC Members have relied on passing resolutions to make theu political will known to the public and their constituents. Members have passed dozens of resolutions calling for a solution of the settlement crisis and the Hebron issue, and for progress on the final status negotiations.
Another unusual aspect of the Council was that it lacked organized party structures and partisan divisions. Approximately 70 percent of the 88 Council Members are affiliited with Arafat's Fateh movement; others are either independent or part of a small group of Islamists. In Council proceedings, however, affiliations are usually muted. The Council has no formal or informal internal political structures, such as party caucuses. In some respects, this enables the Council to take a unified stance in su~mrt of the institution's inddence. At the same time. however, the lack of party struchues has significantly impaired the Council's internal organization and efficiency.
Palestinian factions, including rival groups Hamas and Fatah, agreed to hold a general election no later than at the end of 2018, a joint statement by several groups said on 12 November 2017 following talks in Cairo. Hamas and Fatah signed a reconciliation deal in October 2017 in Cairo-backed talks after Hamas agreed to hand over administrative control of Gaza, including the key Rafah border crossing, a decade after seizing the enclave in a civil war.
The meetings in Cairo centered on implementing the 2011 Cairo Agreement between the two political parties, in hopes of ending the 10-year political schism between Fatah and Hamas. The 2011 agreement stipulated that legislative, presidential and national council elections should be conducted within one year of its signing. The deal would see both Hamas and Fatah form a Palestinian government to appoint the prime minister and ministerial positions.
The Palestinian groups in Cairo said they would defer the choice of a final date for the general election to Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas.
Other major points agreed to were the activation of the now mostly defunct Palestinian Liberation Organisation (PLO) as the true representative body for the Palestinian people, and ending the suffering of Palestinians in the Gaza Strip who have been living under a blockade for more than a decade. In addition to the Fatah and Hamas movements, the Islamic Jihad, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) and the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine participated in the two-day Cairo meetings.
The Western-backed mainstream Fatah party lost control of Gaza to Hamas, considered a terrorist group by many in the West and by Israel, in fighting in 2007. But last month Hamas agreed to cede powers in Gaza to Abbas’ Fatah-backed government in a deal mediated by Egypt. Salah Al-Bardaweel, a Hamas official involved in the talks, called the agreement “vague” and expressed concern that it was unable to progress on key issues such as lifting sanctions imposed by Abbas and secure full opening of the crossing between Gaza and Egypt. The talks also failed to address security responsibilities in Gaza, which have so far remained in the hands of Hamas-backed security services.
As the struggle for a Palestinian state continues, Hamas, one of the main Palestinian factions, marking the 30th anniversary of its founding with celebrations in the Gaza Strip in December 2017. During the 11 years in which Hamas ran the Gaza Strip, there have been three wars with Israel, in which more than 2,700 Palestinians were killed. After Israel sealed off the territory as part of an ongoing siege, unemployment rose to about 43 percent, among the highest rates in the world, according to the World Bank.
Hamas' famous slogan is 'Islam is the solution', but many in Gaza didn't buy it. Hamas failed to fix problems with healthcare, education, the environment, the economy. Under its new political chief Ismail Haniya, who took over from Meshaal, Hamas has given political control of Gaza back to the Palestinian Authority, a move prompted by pressure from the PA and Egypt, which resulted in a reconciliation deal in October 2017.
|
NEWSLETTER
|
| Join the GlobalSecurity.org mailing list |
|
|
|
