Harbin Y-11 CHAN - Program
After the 1970s, as the main aircraft in China's domestic general aviation at that time , the Y-5 aircraft was used in flight training, parachuting training, air ambulance, aerial photography, tourism, geological exploration, forest fire fighting, agriculture, forestry and plant protection, spraying and sowing, etc. It has been widely used in the field of operation, and has become a transporter with the largest production batch and the longest production time in China. However, the actual use of the Y-5 aircraft revealed that the body and take-off weight were too large, lacking flexibility, and the economy was not very good, and the single release did not meet the safety requirements.
In order to meet the needs of national economic development, in April 1974, the Third Ministry of Machinery Industry (referred to as the Ministry of Three Machinery) asked Harbin Aircraft Factory to develop a multi-purpose aircraft suitable for domestic agriculture, forestry, fishery, geology, transportation, etc. Small transport aircraft, in particular, should give priority to meeting the requirements of agricultural and forestry operations. The newly developed aircraft is required to be based on domestic support in terms of engines, materials, finished equipment, etc., and the manufacturing process must also adopt mature and reliable technologies that have been mastered in China.
Afterwards, Harbin Aircraft Factory, through a survey of users such as the Harbin Civil Aviation Administration and the Heilongjiang Geological Bureau, understood the specific requirements for aircraft performance, and referred to the design characteristics of similar foreign aircraft, and proposed a preliminary design plan for a small piston-type twin-engine transport aircraft. . In January 1975, the Ministry of Three Machines approved the general plan for the development of multi-purpose small transport aircraft reported by Harbin Aircraft Factory, and named it the transport-11 aircraft, referred to as the Yun-11 aircraft.
In June 1975, Harbin Aircraft Factory completed the detailed design of the Y-11 aircraft, and issued a total of 9402 standard pages of design drawings. Subsequently, the manufacture of process equipment such as die line templates and assembly frames of the whole machine began. The first batch of 4 prototype machines was put into trial production. In October 1975, the parts manufacturing of the whole machine was completed and the riveting assembly of each component was started. It was completed at the end of October. The final assembly of the No. 01 prototype used for the static strength test. By December 19, the No. 01 prototype completed the strength test of 15 parts and 46 cases. Except for the lower winglet structure of the fuselage, the strength of other parts needs to be strengthened. All tests passed the first time.
The prototype No. 02 of the Yun-11 used for the test flight completed the final assembly on December 26, 1975, and successfully flew for the first time on December 30. progress target. The No. 02 prototype had two major flight accidents due to problems with the control system during the initial test flight. Later, the control system was improved to eliminate the defects. The Y-11 prototype No. 03 and No. 04 completed the final assembly in 1976, and according to the problems exposed by the No. 02 prototype during the test flight, the aircraft's nose shape, fuselage rear section, flat tail and engine fairing were reviewed. , Elevator structure, some internal equipment, fuel system, lubricating oil radiator and pitot installation location have undergone a lot of revisions. Then the three prototypes began to fly according to the design and finalized flight test program. From January to March 1977, a total of 45 sorties were flown for a total of 6 hours and 43 minutes.
The test flight results show that the Y-11 aircraft basically meets the design requirements. On July 15, 1977, the National Defense Industry Office of the State Council and the National Aeronautical Product Stereotyping Committee officially approved the revised and perfected design of the Y-11 aircraft, and then the Harbin Aircraft Factory began to put into small batch production.
In the 1980s, the Y-11 aircraft began to be replaced with a piston-6 D-type engine whose power was increased to 300 horsepower, and the flight performance was further improved. Because the Y-11 aircraft had the advantages of reasonable design and layout, good low-altitude and low-speed operation performance, low requirements for airport runway conditions, and simple use and maintenance, it has been converted into several types such as agricultural type, passenger type and geological exploration type. It is widely used in aerial sowing of wheat and rice, agricultural fertilization, weeding and insecticide, weeding and afforestation, geological exploration, aerial photography, short-distance feeder transportation, tourism and field investigation, etc.
By the end of production in 1989, a total of 44 Yun-11 aircraft were produced, of which 38 were delivered. Feilong General Aviation Co., Ltd., which was jointly established by the Harbin Aircraft Factory and the Aero-Geophysical Exploration and Remote Sensing Center of the Ministry of Geology and Minerals, purchased a total of 18 aircraft and became the largest user of the Y-11 aircraft. Airline) purchased 10 aircraft, Guizhou Shuangyang General Aviation Company 4 aircraft, Changzhou Aircraft Factory Aviation Service Team (ie Jiangnan General Aviation) 3 aircraft, Heilongjiang Jiamusi Agricultural Aviation Test Station (ie Heilongjiang Longken General Airlines) 2 aircraft, and 1 aircraft of Shenyang General Airlines (Sujiatun Agricultural Terminal).
Yun-11 has been used for aerial sowing of wheat, rice, agricultural fertilization, weeding, pest control, green grassland, geological exploration, aerial photography, and support for short-distance transportation, tourism, and inspection of wild animals such as red- crowned cranes and Siberian tigers. The aircraft has good low-speed performance, wide cockpit, good vision, low take-off and landing requirements, and convenient use and maintenance. On May 23, 1980, with the approval of the State Council and the Central Military Commission, Harbin Aircraft Factory established the Y-11 aircraft agricultural aviation service team.
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