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PLA 19th Army

The predecessor of the 19th Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was the 24th Brigade of the 8th Column of the Jin-Ji-Lu-Yu Field Army, which was established in Baicun, Hongdong County, Shanxi Province on December 5, 1945. It had jurisdiction over the 70th, 71st, and 72nd Regiments. The 70th Regiment was originally the 1st Regiment 1 of the Second Division of the West Henan Province, which was based on the 6th Corps of the Second Column of the Shanxi New Army. The 2nd Regiment was originally the 2nd Regiment of the Second Division of the West Henan Province and was based on the West Henan Division during the Anti-Japanese War Several local armed forces under the leadership; the 72nd Regiment was originally the 54th Regiment of the 3rd Division of Taiyue, which was based on the people’s armed forces formed in 9 counties such as Wanquan and Jishan in southern Jinan with some Red Army commanders as the backbone. Guard. Before forming the 24th Brigade, these regiments participated in the Jinxi "December Incident", the 144th World War, Lvliang, and Zhongtiao, which smashed the KMT’s first anti-communist climax.

Battles such as mountains and fu (mountain) wings (city) have opened up bases for resisting Japan, such as Yuenan, Jiwangshan, and western Henan. After being organized into the 24th Brigade, it had been active in the Jinzhong and Jinnan areas. It had participated in the campaigns of Shangdang, Baijin, and Jinnan successively, and made a major contribution to preventing the Kuomintang army from attacking the liberated areas of North China.

The other predecessor of the army was the 38th Army of the Kuomintang Army, which entered the Western Henan Liberated Area after the uprising in Guxian Town, Luoning County, Henan Province under the leadership of Xu Youbin, Liang Lisheng, and Lei Zhanru on July 17, 1945. Mentor. The 179th coin was originally the old part of Feng Yuxiang, the main force of the 17th Route Army of the patriotic general Yang Hucheng, and participated in the Xi'an Incident that shocked both China and foreign countries. This division had an organization established by the Communist Party very early. After the anti-Japanese war began, it went to the front line. Zhou Enlai visited the troops in person. During the Anti-Japanese War, the 17th Division successively fought in battlefields such as Hebei, Shanxi, and Henan, and persisted in fighting in Zhongtiao Mountain for several years. It was a strong anti-Jiang force against Japan.

After the uprising successfully reached the liberated area, it was returned to the 38th Army of the Northwest Democratic Coalition Army in the Jin-Ji-Lu-Yu Military Region. It was still called the 17th Division, and it had jurisdiction over the 50th and 51st regiments, with a total of more than 2,000 people. In October, the 17th Division participated in the Shangdang campaign and won the victory of the Laoye Ridge battle. It captured more than 2,000 enemies and seized a large number of weapons and equipment, which rapidly increased the troops to more than 4,000. The weapons and equipment were also strengthened. In May 1946, Kong Congzhou, deputy commander of the 38th Army of the Kuomintang Army, led the 55th Division Uprising in Gong County, Henan Province, and returned to the Jin-Ji-Lu-Yu Military Region.

It was still called the 55th Division. On September 13, the 17th and 55th Divisions of the Jin-Ji-Lu-Yu Military Region formed the 38th Army of the Northwest Democratic Alliance. Kong Congzhou served as the commander of the army, Wang Feng served as the political commissar, Liu Weicheng served as the deputy commander, and Wang Ruzhao served as the chief of staff. Cui Zhongyuan was the director of the political department.

In May 1947, the 24th Brigade of the 8th Column of the Jin-Ji-Lu-Yu Field Army was transferred to the 4th Column in Yao Village, Wenxi County, Shanxi Province, and was renamed the 12th Brigade. In July, the main forces of the Jin-Ji-Lu-Yu field army began to advance into the Central Plains, unveiling the prelude to the Chinese People's Liberation Army's strategic offensive. The 12th Brigade and the 17th Division of the 4th Column were instructed to cross the Yellow River with Chen Geng and Xie Fuzhi Corps in late August to perform the mission of opening up the western Henan and southern Shaanxi bases. The 12th Brigade broke through the Yangpo Village occupied by the famous local stubborn Liu Yubiao in western Henan, and then even the towns of Cronin County, Fanli and Duguan. On September 8th, it continued to capture Lu's county town, the main throat of Henan and Shaanxi.

After crossing the Yellow River, the 17th Division immediately seized Guanyintang Station, then captured Huixing, an important town in the east of Shaanxian County, and blew up the railway bridge; then participated in the battle of Ling (Bao) and Shaanxi (State), and arrived at Tongguan Nanyuan, later in the night The village and Longjusai area meet with the 12th Brigade. Since then, the 12th Brigade and the 17th Division have been active in the border area of Hubei, Henan and Shaanxi. By May 1948, the 12th Brigade and the 17th Division had fully mobilized and relied on the masses, smashing the siege of the Kuomintang army, and built a democratic regime with 14 counties and a population of more than 2 million in the western Henan and southern Shaanxi bases.

The force had grown to more than 15,000 people; in addition, 5 independent regiments and 15 county brigades have been formed, with a total of more than 9,700 people. The actions of the 12th Brigade and the 17th Division have formed a relatively independent small battlefield in the overall strategic layout of the country, which had constrained the strength of more than 100,000 brigades of the Kuomintang Army around the base area, and cooperated with the Central Plains battlefield and Northwest battlefield operations.

In April 1948, the 55th Division of the 38th Army merged with the 3rd Army Division of the Yushan, Shaanxi and E Military Region. In May, the fourth column of the Jinjiluyu Military Region was renamed the fourth column of the Central Plains Field Army. On June 7, on the orders of the Central Plains Bureau and the Central Plains Military Region, the 12th Brigade of the 4th Column and the 17th Division of the 38th Army of the Northwest Democratic Alliance formed the Southern Shaanxi Military Region, which was formed by the Central Plains Military Region. Liu Jinxuan served as commander, Wang Feng served as political member, Chen Xianrui served as deputy commander, and Li Yao served as deputy political member. Under the jurisdiction of the 12th brigade, the first division and Liang Yun (now Yunxi, Yun County, Hubei Province, etc.), Shangluo Army division.

The establishment of the Southern Shaanxi Military Region and the rapid expansion of troops not only can maintain the situation independently, but also can draw the main force to fight outside. In July, the 12th Brigade participated in the Battle of Xiangfan, rushed into the enemy’s 15th appeasement headquarters, and captured Lieutenant General Commander Kang Ze, Lieutenant General Deputy Commander Guo Xunqi, and the record of annihilating more than 8,000 enemies. Commend. At the end of September, the 12th Brigade and the 51st Regiment of the 179th Division participated in the Battle of Huaihai and performed the task of containing the 12th Corps of the Kuomintang Army near Nanyang. On November 6, it departed from Nanyang to the Shuangduiji area to participate in the battle to annihilate the 12th Corps of the Kuomintang Army, and fought fiercely and arduously with his powerful enemy several times. In the battle of Xiao Lizhuang's position, it repelled more than 10 breakouts under the cover of aircraft, tanks and artillery by the four elite divisions of the Kuomintang Army, and won the "Steel Position" award flag awarded by Liu Deng.

On May 1, 1949, in accordance with the instructions of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China, the 12th Brigade and 17th Division of the Southern Shaanxi Military Region were reorganized into the 19th Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army in Yunyang County, Hubei Province, under the direct command of the Second Field Army. Liu Jinxuan served as military commander, Zhang Bangying served as first political commissar, Wang Feng served as political commissar, Chen Xianrui served as deputy military commander, Li Yao served as deputy political commissar and director of the political department, and Xue Kezhong served as chief of staff. The 34th, 35th Regiment and the 51st Regiment of the 12th Brigade form the 55th Division, Fu Xianhui was the division head, and Zhang Ming was the Political Committee; the 36th Regiment of the 12th Brigade and the 50th Regiment of the 17th Division, independent regiments Formed into the 57th Division, Zhang Fuzhen served as the division head, and Zhang Wenbin served as the division political committee. There were more than 15,000 people in the army. After the adaptation, it was returned to the Northwest Military Region Command.

As soon as the 19th Army was established, it was under the direction of the Central Military Commission and the Second Field Army, and temporarily returned to the command of the First Field Army to fight westward along the Hanshui in response to the offensive on the Guanzhong battlefield. On May 21st, it moved westward from the Liangyun area, continuously broke through the two solid defense lines of the Kuomintang Army Baihe, Guanyazi and Nuoshan, liberated counties such as Baihe, Zhuxi and Pingli, and invaded Ankang New Town at the end of July. In mid-November, the main force of the Second Field Army and the 18th Corps of the First Field Army launched the southwestern battle, and hurriedly moved south in the southern part of Hu Zong in the southern Shaanxi region. The 19th Army cooperated with the 18th Corps to conduct operations to suppress and annihilate the Hu Ministry. The counties of Lian Kexunyang, Anyang, Gaogang, Hanyin, Shiquan, Ziyang, Xixiang, Yangxian, Chenggu, and all of southern Shaanxi liberation.

In December 1949, the 19th Army transferred to the tasks of banditry and anti-hegemony, and the establishment of local armed forces. By the end of June 1950, it had annihilated more than 17,000 people under Wang Lingyun, the director of the Kuomintang, Hubei, Sichuan, Shaanxi and Suijing Offices. Bandit. At the same time, the 19th Army actively responded to the Central Military Commission's instructions on the army's participation in production and construction. It opened up more than 170,000 acres of land, built more than 10,000 meters of water channels, established more than 110 factories and workshops, and made new contributions to supporting national construction. At the end of 1950, the Southern Shaanxi Military Region was withdrawn and the 19th Army moved to Xi'an and Shaanxi Military Region. Liu Jinxuan also served as commander of the military region, and Ma Mingfang also served as political commissar.

During the War of Liberation, the 19th Army had participated in more than 200 battles in larger battles, and more than 6,200 heroes such as Ma Jinzhong, Song Zhifu, and Li Erxiao, the national fighting heroes, have emerged. On July 1, 1952, the 19th Army Headquarters was reorganized into the Shaanxi Military Region, the 55th Division was transferred to the leadership of the Northwest Military Region, and the 57th Division was reorganized into the 1st Division of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Petroleum Engineering. The 19th Army, its division, and Sifan were simultaneously cancelled.