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Military

SECTION VII

ABOUT THE APPENDICES

The appendices of this guide offer standard formats for use at the division level as well as scenarios and vignettes for training soldiers in RAMP.

STANDARD FORMATS 1

The "straw man" appendices included in this alternative approach to the Rules of Engagement follow "the formats specified in the Joint Operations Planning and Execution System and in FM 101-5, Staff Operations, in a manner that ensures soldiers will receive guidance consistent with the [fundamental thought process] deliberately constructed through training . . . The OPLAN appendix provides a division commander with the ability to control operations with the core ROE as well as with the entire range of functional types. Types VIII, IX, and X are more important for commanders of large tactical units, because these commanders must translate broad strategic and operational goals into tactical guidance. The sample format in Appendix [D] creates the vehicle by which a division staff -- the lowest level staff equipped for the job -- can translate these goals into forms soldiers have been trained to understand -- namely RAMP supplements and ROECONs."2

"In annexes [and appendices] to OPLANs, division and brigade commanders tailor' the ROE to specific operations without recreating at the soldier level the interpretive problems of the legislative model. Unlike individual soldiers, brigade commanders have staffs as well as extensive decisionmaking experience to help them reconcile pieces of the OPLAN that might appear to be inconsistent."3

TOOLS FOR TRAINERS

The appendices included here offer tools for trainers to help them train soldiers and small unit leaders in the RAMP rules concept, an alternative approach to imparting ROE. They are applicable to individual training to help soldiers assimilate and apply ROE in both combat and peace operations environments; they are also applicable to collective training and help standardize ROE training in commands, both vertically and horizontally.

"[S]ituational training exercises (STXs) focus on one or a small group of tasks -- within a particular mission scenario -- and require that soldiers practice until the tasks can be executed to some pre-established standard . . . A commander . . . or other trainer, places a soldier in a particular simulated METT-T and then confronts him with an event, such as a speeding vehicle crashing a traffic checkpoint barrier. The trainer evaluates the soldier's response, and afterward discusses alternative responses available within the ROE. ROE STXs bring to life the use-of-force rules, giving the soldier concrete terms of reference within which to determine his response. In this way, the soldier achieves balance between initiative and restraint, so important to success in contingency operations."4

Appendix A, Standing Rules of Engagement (SROE), is the unclassified portion of SECRET Chairman of The Joint Chiefs of Staff, Instruction 3121.01, Standing Rules of Engagement for U.S. Forces (Enclosure A) (1 Oct 94). These SROE apply to all military operations except domestic civil disturbances which are governed by the DOD Civil Disturbance Plan (Garden Plot). The SROE are reproduced here for commanders because they are fundamental to military contingency operations.

The Training Model's soldier's task at Appendix B, Use Force Appropriately, 5provides standards for applying the RAMP rules. It is a potential "straw man" entry for the Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks.

The scenarios in Appendix C, RAMP Training Scenarios,6contain enough detail to ensure that training meaningfully applies those standards stipulated in Appendix B. With these training tools, leaders can train and evaluate soldier performance through experiential training. Of course, the RAMP rules themselves are of no use in molding judgment without practice in an environment that simulates what soldiers might face in an actual operation. Some of the scenarios require soldiers to make the transition from noncombat to combat conditions. By illustrating how simple supplements to the RAMP rules result in clear orders for this transition, Appendix C provides a framework for creating in soldiers a mind set conducive to effective operations in all environments. When properly supplemented and reinforced, RAMP rules eliminate the misleading dichotomy between peace and war while preparing soldiers for both.

Appendix D, ROE Alert Conditions (ROECONs), A "Straw Man" Appendix for a Division Tactical SOP,7is a potential annex which incorporates ROECONs into infantry division operations; however, it can be adapted for other divisions.

Appendix E, RAMP/ROECON: A "Straw Man" Appendix to a Division OPLAN,8is a potential appendix to an infantry division OPLAN which incorporates the RAMP rules and ROE Alert Conditions into division operations. It can be adapted to any division organization.

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NOTES

1Major Mark S. Martins, "Rules of Engagement for Land Forces; A Matter of Training, Not Lawyering," Military Law Review, Volume 143 (Winter 1994), p. 94.

2Ibid., p. 95.

3Ibid., pp. 95-96.

4Worldwide CLE Draft Report: Law and Military Operations in Haiti, 1994-95, Lessons Learned for Judge Advocates (3 Oct 95), Center for Law and Military Operations, The Judge Advocate General's School, pp. 34-35.

5Martins (Appendix B, "Use Force Appropriately"), pp. 118-122.

6Ibid. (Appendix C, "Sample Training Scenarios"), pp. 123-142.

7Ibid. (Appendix D, "Proposed Appendix to Division Tactical SOP Incorporating ROE Alert Conditions"), pp. 143-156.

8Ibid. (Appendix E, "Proposed Appendix to Division Operations Plan Incorporating the RAMP Rules and ROE Alert Conditions"), pp. 157-160.


Section VI: ROE Alert Conditions (ROECONs) for Standardizing RAMP Rules
Appendix A: Joint Chiefs of Staff Standing Rules of Engagement



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