Iraq Survey Group Final Report
Regime Strategy and WMD
Timeline Events
Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline Events |
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Serial # | Issue Area | Date Name | Short Description |
1 | POL | 1980 | Iraq invades Iran |
2 | POL | 1981 | Israeli Air Force bombs Iraq’s Osirak nuclear reactor |
3 | CW | 08-Jun-81 | Code name Research Center 922 to produce chemical weapons (CW) agents Mustard, Tabun, Sarin, and VX |
4 | NUC | 1981 | Iraq Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC) pursues Laser Isotope Separation (LIS) for uranium enrichment |
5 | CW | 06-Aug-81 | CW program reorganized (Project 922) at Al Rashad |
6 | NUC | Early 1982 | IAEC Office of Studies and Development (OSD) established for uranium enrichment R&D (later renamed Office 3000) |
7 | BW | 1983 | BW program added to Project 922 mission |
8 | CW | 1983 | First media reports of use of Iraqi CW (Mustard) against Iranian forces |
9 | CW | 1984 | Media reports of the use of CW (Tabun) against Iranian forces |
10 | NUC | 1984 | Al Qaim yellowcake plant commissioned |
11 | BW | 1985 | BW program restarted |
12 | POL | Mid 1985 | Iranian F4 attack on Project 922 site (later Al Muthanna State Establishment - ‘Al Muthanna’) |
13 | CW | 1986 | Construction of Fallujah II commenced |
14 | POL | Oct-86 | Iranian SCUDs fired at MSE |
15 | POL | Nov-86 | Irangate scandal in the United States (the covert supplying of missiles to Iran) |
16 | POL | Late 1986 | Iraq deploys significant portion of Roland Air Defense Systems to Al Muthanna |
17 | BW | 1987 | Proposal to scale up BW production at MSE denied; program moved to Al Salman |
18 | NUC | April 1987 | Groups 1, 2, 3 formed under Office 3000; Group 1 leaves, becomes Engineering Design Directorate under MIC |
19 | NUC | April 1987 | Al Husayn project formed to study requirements for weapons program |
20 | BW | Aug-87 | Taji Single Cell Protein (SCP) assets relocated to bolster BW at Al Salman |
21 | POL | 19-Aug-87 | Lieutentant General Husayn Kamil (HK) appointed head of new Military Industrialization Commission (MIC) |
22 | NUC | November 1987 | Al Husayn project transfers to IAEC and later becomes Group 4 under Office 3000 |
23 | NUC | Late 1987 | Iraq begins construction on Electromagnetic Isotope Separation (EMIS) facilities at Tarmiya |
24 | BW | 1988 | Initial BW trials (Feb-May) |
25 | POL | Feb-1988 | War of the Cities begins |
26 | DS | February 1988 | Iraq receives last of 29 deliveries of 819 SCUDs from former Soviet Union (FSU) |
27 | POL | Mar-88 | CW used against Kurdish city of Halabja |
28 | NUC | 1988 | LIS abandoned as a uranium enrichment process |
29 | POL | Apr-1988 | War of the Cities ends |
30 | BW | Apr-1988 | Construction of dedicated BW agent production plant (Al Hakam) begins |
31 | BW | May 1988 | BW broadened with addition of fungal toxins |
32 | NUC | mid 1988 | Iraq begins magnetic-bearing centrifuge program |
33 | NUC | August 1988 | Construction begins on Al Athir nuclear weapons fabrication & assembly facility under Al Husayn project (Group 4) |
34 | NUC | August 1988 | German engineers provide centrifuge design data |
35 | CW | August 1988 | Al Muthanna stops CW agent production and focuses on research |
36 | POL | 08-Aug-88 | Iran and Iraq agree to ceasefire |
37 | NUC | November 1988 | Husayn Kamil takes control of combined Iraqi nuclear weapons program |
38 | BW | November 1988 | Al Kindi vaccine production fermentation line moved to Al Hakam |
39 | BW | 1989 | First bulk production run of Botulinum toxin at Al Hakam |
40 | NUC | Jan 1989 | Office 3000 officially renamed Petrochemical Project 3 (PC-3) under Ja’far |
41 | DS | 1989 | Iraq cancels BADR-2000 Contract with Egypt |
42 | NUC | Feb-90 | Iraq completes one nuclear-related fireset |
43 | POL | 02-Apr-90 | Saddam threatens to use binary CW against Israel if Israel attacks Iraq |
44 | CW | Apr-1990 | Manufacture of Al Husayn special chemical warheads commences |
45 | POL | April 1990 | Husayn Kamil gives orders to weaponize BW as quickly as possible |
46 | CW | Jun-1990 | Iraq starts filling Al Husayn special warheads (CW) & R-400 bombs at Al Muthanna |
47 | NUC | 1990 | EDC acquires carbon fiber rotors from a German supplier |
48 | NUC | 1990 | Iraq arranges for a winding machine and carbon fiber (reaches Jordan July 1992) |
49 | PROC | 17-Jul-90 | Saddam accuses neighbors of threatening Iraq via low oil prices |
50 | PROC | 18-Jul-90 | Tariq ‘Aziz accuses Kuwait of stealing Iraqi oil |
51 | CW | August 1990 | Iraq deploys a range of CW around Iraq before invasion of Kuwait |
52 | POL | 02-Aug-90 | Iraq invades Kuwait |
53 | POL | 06-Aug-90 | United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 661 establishes embargo on Iraq |
54 | BW | Sep-90 | Al Dawrah Foot & Mouth Disease Vaccine (FMDV) plant annexed by BW for agent production and virus R&D |
55 | BW | Sep-90 | Agricultural Water and Resources Center annexed by BW for aflatoxin production |
56 | BW | Nov-1990 | Iraq’s declared start date for Mirage F-1 drop tank CW spray conversion (for BW) |
57 | DS | November 1990 | MIG-21 Remotely Piloted Vehicle (RPV) Conversion project initiated |
58 | BW | Dec-1990 | 1st flight test of Mirage F-1 CW spray drop tank system (for BW) |
59 | NUC | Jan-91 | Work on uranium metal casting initiated at Al Athir |
60 | BW | Jan-1991 | R-400, 400A BW bombs sent to Airstrip 37 and Al ‘Aziziyah firing range |
61 | NUC | Early 1991 | Tarmiya EMIS equipment commissioned; Iraq testing a gas centrifuge using carbon fiber rotor |
62 | NUC | Early 1991 | After Kuwait invasion, Iraq resumes work on a 50-machine centrifuge cascade, as part of a “crash” nuclear program |
63 | DS | 12-Jan-91 | MIG-21 RPV flight from Al Rashid Air Base |
64 | CBW | 15-Jan-91 | MIC orders evacuation to safety of all assets & dangerous materials |
65 | BW | 15-Jan-91 | Mirage F1 droptank deployed to Al ‘Ubaydi with anthrax spores at airfield out-station |
66 | BW | 15-Jan-91 | Iraq deploys 25 BW warheads |
67 | POL | 17-Jan-91 | Gulf War (Desert Storm) begins |
68 | POL | Feb 1991 | Sources warn that Iraq will use WMD if territorial integrity threatened |
69 | POL | 28-Feb-91 | Gulf War ends |
70 | POL | March 1991 | All but two Iraqi provinces in revolt |
71 | POL | March 1991 | Iraq uses CS and nerve agent-filled bombs on Shi’a in Najaf and Karbala (nerve bombs fail to operate) |
72 | DS | April 1991 | MIG-21 RPV Program discontinued post Desert Storm |
73 | NUC | Early 1991 | Qusay, Husayn Kamil order nuclear documents and equipment hidden |
74 | BW | 01-Apr-91 | Single-Cell Protein (SCP) and Bio-pesticide (BT) decided as cover for Hakam |
75 | POL | 03-Apr-91 | UNSCR 687 demands disarmament and compensation fund financed by Iraq |
76 | NUC | April 1991 | Centrifuge development ceases after UNSCR 687 |
77 | POL | Mid April 1991 | Regime begins denial and deception program |
78 | POL | April 1991 | Husayn Kamil orders retention of 85 SCUD missiles |
79 | POL | April 1991 | Husayn Kamil orders elimination of evidence of offensive BW program, but BW weapons remain in situ at deployment sites |
80 | POL | 18-Apr-91 | Iraq responds to UNSCR 687 with incomplete WMD declaration |
81 | BW | 18-Apr-91 | Iraq letter to UN Secretary General (UNSG) denies BW program |
82 | NUC | 27-Apr-91 | Iraq declares safeguarded material and Al Qaim yellowcake production to UN/IAEA |
83 | NUC | Late May 1991 | PC-3 sites ordered to hand over materials, equipment and documents to the Security Apparatus for the Protection of Military Industrialization Establishments (SAP) prior to inspections to avoid detection |
84 | POL | June 1991 | Husayn Kamil orders retention of WMD know-how documentation and small amounts of key WMD materiel |
85 | CW | 09-Jun-91 | UNSCOM starts weapons inspections; first CW inspection at MSE (U-2, CW-1) |
86 | POL | 30-Jun-91 | Iraqi High Level Committee formed to address retention of proscribed materiel |
87 | POL | 1991 | Saddam states: “Sanctions will last no more than 3 years” |
88 | DS | July 1991 | Husayn Kamil orders retention of 2 missiles and some missile parts |
89 | POL | July 1991 | Special Republican Guard (SRG) officers receive orders from Qusay to move/conceal MIC materials |
90 | DS | 06-Jul-91 | Iraq completes destruction of declared SCUD-type missiles under UNSCOM supervision |
91 | NUC | 07-Jul-91 | IAEA seizure of EMIS components prompts Iraqi admission of large EMIS program |
92 | POL | 1991 | Husayn Kamil tells ‘Abd Hamid Mahmoud it is unnecessary to declare BW programs and will order scientists to hide evidence at home |
93 | DS | July 1991 | Unilateral missile destruction |
94 | POL | July 1991 | Unexpectedly robust UN inspections lead Iraq to start unilateral destruction, as later claimed by regime |
95 | NUC | by 1991 | Iraq receives nine flow-forming machines from Germany |
96 | CBW | Mid July 1991 | CW and all BW munitions unilaterally destroyed, according to subsequent Iraqi claims |
97 | POL | Summer 1991 | Committee of Special Duties forms under Husayn Kamil or Qusay to covertly obstruct UN inspections |
98 | BW | 02-Aug-91 | First UNSCOM BW inspection begins at Al Salman (U-7, BW-1) |
99 | POL | 15-Aug-91 | UNSCR 707 demands Full, Final and Complete Declaration (FFCD) as required by UNSCR 687 |
100 | PROC | Sept 1991 | Iraq-Jordan Trade Protocol renegotiated and then reviewed annually |
101 | POL | Sept 1991 | UNSCOM begins destruction of declared CW and agent; continues until July 1994 |
102 | NUC | Late 1991 | IAEA seizure of documents leads to Iraqi admission of Al Athir existence |
103 | BW | Sept or Oct 1991 | Destruction of bulk agents at Al Hakam (reported to UN in 1995) |
104 | PROC | 01-Sep-91 | MIC forms Al Basha’ir front company to obtain items for Ministry of Defense (MoD), IAEC |
105 | POL | 11-Oct-91 | UNSCR 715 calls for unconditional acceptance of inspectors and ongoing monitoring/verification |
106 | BW | November 1991 | Decision to dissolve Technical Research Center (TRC): implemented over the following year |
107 | DS | Dec 1991 | Unilateral destruction of remaining 2 missiles completed |
108 | POL | Feb 1992 | Husayn Kamil appointed Supervising Minister, responsible for MIC, Oil, MIM, & head of Economic Committee |
109 | DS | Feb 1992 | UNSCOM-28 prevented from destroying prohibited missile equipment and facilities |
110 | BW | Early 1992 | Iraq begins design, construction of 5 cubic meter fermentors at Hakam (2) and Tuwaitha Agricultural and Biological Research Center (TABRC) (1) |
111 | NUC | March 1992 | PC-3 officially dissolved |
112 | BW | Early 1992 | Al Razi Research Center and Ibn-al-Baytar Center formed |
113 | POL | 17-Mar-92 | Iraq admits to July - Dec ‘91 unilateral destruction of CW, missiles |
114 | DS | Apr 1992 | UNSCOM-34 completes destruction of known prohibited missile production equipment and buildings |
115 | DS | Apr 1992 | Creation of Ibn-al-Haytham missile R&D center |
116 | NUC | Mar-Apr 1992 | PC-3 and EDC personnel transferred en masse to MIC and other companies to support rebuilding of Iraq |
117 | DS | May 1992 | Iraq submits first missile FFCD |
118 | NUC | Apr - June 1992 | Al Athir nuclear weapons fabrication & assembly facility destroyed by IAEA |
119 | BW | 01-May-92 | Iraq admits it had defensive BW program |
120 | CW | June 1992 | Iraq provides FFCD for CW |
121 | CW | July 1992 | UNSCOM begins destruction of CW facilities |
122 | OTHER/NUC | 1993 | MIC initiates Rail Gun Program at the High Voltage Establishment (later renamed Al Tahadi) |
123 | POL | 13-Jan-93 | US, UK, France conduct bombing raids on southern Iraq (targeted missile sites and command and control bases) |
124 | POL | Feb 1993 | Saddam warns strikes on Iraq will result in a precise reaction |
125 | POL | 1993 | Husayn Kamil tells WMD scientists that programs will resume and be expanded once inspectors leave |
126 | DS | 1993 | Al Samud program initiated |
127 | CW | 20-Oct-93 | Former CW facilities split from National Company for Agricultural Chemicals and Medicines |
128 | POL | November 1993 | Iraq accepts UNSCR 715: long-term monitoring |
129 | BW | 1994 | 1993-1995 Bacillus thuringiensis (dry formulated preparation) produced at Al Hakam |
130 | POL | Jan 1994 | National Monitoring Directorate (NMD) established in response to UNSCR 715 |
131 | PROC | Early 1994 | Iraq takes drastic measures (e.g. amputation) to enforce emergency economic measures |
132 | DS | 17-Mar-94 | UNSCOM letter limits diameter of Al Samud to 600mm and restricts use of SA-2 in SSM mode |
133 | CW | 01-Jun-94 | UNSCOM completes destruction of known CW agents and production facilities |
134 | OTHER/NUC | 1994 | Iraqi laser projects moved from IAEC to MIC Laser Research Center |
135 | NUC | Mid 1994 | Iraqi nuclear scientists prohibited from traveling outside Iraq |
136 | POL | Late 1994 | Iraq threatens to stop co-operating unless oil embargo lifted |
137 | POL | Late 1994 | Iraq moves forces to Kuwaiti border |
138 | POL | 13-Oct-94 | Russians counsel Iraq to accept Kuwait border |
139 | POL | 21-Oct-94 | Iraq, Russia offer joint proposal to recognize Kuwait if sanctions lifted |
140 | POL | November 1994 | Iranian missile attack on MEK facilities in Iraq |
141 | BW | Early 1995 | UNSCOM discovers 42 tons of unaccounted-for BW growth medium; Iraq cannot explain |
142 | DS | March 1995 | Iraq blocks destruction of SCUD engine production equipment |
143 | BW | 07-Apr-95 | UNSCOM seminar concludes Iraq has undeclared full scale BW program |
144 | POL | 14-Apr-95 | UN passes Oil for Food (OFF) Resolution 986 |
145 | POL | Early 1995 | Iraq wants deal: ‘Give us a clean report on CW and missiles and we will satisfy UN resolutions on BW’ |
146 | POL | 03-May-95 | UNSCOM seminar concludes Iraq has not fully disclosed past CW activities |
147 | DS | June 1995 | SCUD engine production equipment destroyed |
148 | POL | June 1995 | Iraqi Foreign Minister demands UNSC lift sanctions |
149 | OTHER/NUC | Mid 1995 | MIC cancels Rail Gun program at Al Tahadi |
150 | BW | 01-Jul-95 | Iraq admits offensive BW program but denies weaponization |
151 | BW | 01-Jul-95 | Iraq submits draft BW FFCD based on 1 July admission of BW program |
152 | BW | 01-Jul-95 | Russia agrees to provide Iraq with 50 cubic meter fermentation plant |
153 | POL | 17-Jul-95 | Saddam demands UNSC lift sanctions |
154 | BW | 04-Aug-95 | Iraq submits BW FFCD based on 1 July admission |
155 | POL | 08-Aug-95 | Husayn Kamil flees Iraq |
156 | BW | 09-Aug-95 | Iraq declares BW FFCD null and void |
157 | POL | mid-Aug 1995 | Kamal Mustafa orders Walid Tawfiq to burn docs at ‘Aqarquf |
158 | BW | 17-Aug-95 | Iraq declares more complete BW program (still does not declare ricin) |
159 | POL | 20-Aug-95 | Iraq reveals 143 boxes of documents to UNSCOM at chicken farm |
160 | CW | Sep 1995 | Saddam orders creation of the Industrial Committee (IC) and Economic Committee (EC) |
161 | BW | 01-Sep-95 | Iraq admits more of its BW program (now includes ricin) |
162 | POL | Sep-Oct 95 | Large number of organizational changes in MIC |
163 | DS | Nov 1995 | Iraq submits second missile FFCD |
164 | PROC | Late 1995 | Saddam re-establishes the Economic Affairs Committee (EAC) to influence fiscal and monetary policy |
165 | DS | 01-Nov-95 | Iraq begins the Al Bay’ah (L-29) RPV program |
166 | DS | 10-Nov-95 | UNSCOM intercepts illegal Russian SS-N-18 SLBM gyros in Jordan |
167 | DS | Dec 1995 | Dr. Muzhir is imprisoned (until January 1998) |
168 | PROC | Iraqi economy bottoms out (GDP drops to 20% of 1989; inflation hits 387%) | |
169 | PROC | 1996 | Annual MIC budget is $7.8M |
170 | CW | 1996-1997 | Industrial Committee begins work, plans to coordinate indigenous chemical production |
171 | POL | 06-Jan-96 | Saddam decrees austerity measures due to inflation caused by sanctions |
172 | PROC | 17-Jan-96 | Iraq agrees to discuss UN plan for limited oil sales |
173 | POL | 23-Feb-96 | Husayn Kamil and brother are executed following their return to Iraq |
174 | POL | Iraq signs MOU accepting Oil for Food | |
175 | CW | June 1996 | Iraq submits 3rd chemical FFCD |
176 | BW | 15-Jun-96 | After series of draft BW FFCD’s, Iraq submits first post-Husayn Kamil departure BW FFCD |
177 | BW | 20-Jun-96 | Al Hakam BW plant destroyed under UNSCOM supervision |
178 | DS | July 1996 | Iraq submits 3rd missile FFCD |
179 | DS | 1996 | Work commences at Ibn Firnas to convert L-29 to an RPV |
180 | POL | 1996 | WMD scientists ordered to sign agreement to turn over any documentation in their homes |
181 | NUC | 1996 | Fadil Al Janabi appointed head of IAEC |
182 | PROC | 1996 | Regime procurement with Jordan leads to further sanctions erosion |
183 | POL | 31-Aug-96 | Iraqi forces attack Irbil |
184 | CW | Sep 1996 | Twenty fourth meeting of the IC indicates committee was concerned about wasting intellectual capital |
185 | BW | 01-Sep-96 | Iraq submits new BW FFCD |
186 | POL | 03-Sep-96 | Coalition forces extend No-Fly zones |
187 | NUC | 07-Sep-96 | Iraq submits nuclear FFCD |
188 | OTHER/NUC | After 1996 | Air defense projects were a priority at the IAEC |
189 | POL | 10-Dec-96 | OFF is implemented |
190 | POL | 12-Dec-96 | Assassination attempt cripples ‘Uday Husayn |
191 | NUC | Through 1990s | Two scientists - one former EMIS and one former centrifuge - retain hidden nuclear documents and components |
192 | PROC | 18-Mar-97 | Iraq grants Russia MFN trade status, awards it 20% of initial OFF contracts |
193 | PROC | 22-Mar-97 | Iraq establishes a new Iraqi/Russian oil company |
194 | POL | 27-Mar-97 | Huwaysh becomes director of MIC; preserving pre-war nuclear competence becomes less important |
195 | POL | Early 1997 | VP Ramadan recognizes OFF activities as opportunity |
196 | DS | 13-Apr-97 | First flight of L-29 RPV |
197 | POL | 1997 | Huwaysh orders MIC employees to sign statements certifying they do not have WMD documents or equipment |
198 | PROC | 1997 | Regime procurement with Jordan, South Korea, Syria leads to further sanctions erosion |
199 | NUC | 19-Jul-97 | Fireset exhumed from rubble at Al Athir and turned over to inspectors |
200 | POL | Sept 1997 | Iranian aircraft strike MEK facilities in Iraq; Iraq asks UN to act |
201 | BW | Sept 1997 | UN inspectors find documents from July 1995 that show Russia intended to sell Iraq dual-use fermentation equipment |
202 | BW | 01-Sep-97 | Iraq submits new BW FFCD |
203 | CW | Oct 1997 | Chemical process equipment purchased before 1991 for CW programs destroyed by UNSCOM |
204 | POL | 10-Oct-97 | UNSCOM attempts inspection of a Presidential palace and Iraq denies access |
205 | POL | 15-Oct-97 | Iraq protests UN inspection practices |
206 | DS | 24-Oct-97 | First Al Samud launch |
207 | DS | Nov 1997 | UNSCOM Executive Chairman Butler to Iraq Government: no SA2 components to be used on Iraqi ballistic missiles |
208 | PROC | Nov 1997 | Saddam approves MIC plan to use IIS to assist procurement |
209 | POL | 03-Nov-97 | Iraq awards Russian company contract to develop W Qurna oil field |
210 | POL | 13-Nov-97 | UNSCOM suspends inspections in Iraq |
211 | DS | Nov 1997 | L-29 RPV and associated control equipment deployed to Tallil airbase in southern Iraq. |
212 | POL | 20-Nov-97 | Russia brokers agreement to resume UN inspections; inspections subsequently resume |
213 | PROC | Nov 1997 | Aziz travels to Syria to re-establish relations |
214 | PROC | 28-Nov-97 | Rabi’ah and Al Qa’im border crossings opened with Syria (no UN monitoring) |
215 | OTHER/NUC | After 1997 | Large laser research contract between MIC and Technology University initiated |
216 | NUC | By 1998 | Many nuclear scientists have migrated to other high priority programs such as air defense, infrastructure repair, rebuilding industrial base |
217 | CW/DS | Feb 1998 | Technical Evaluation Meetings (TEM) conclude Iraq has not fully disclosed CW, missile activities |
218 | POL | Early 1998 | Inner circle views Saddam as increasingly reclusive |
219 | PROC | 06-Feb-98 | Iraq rejects UN’s proposal to increase oil exports |
220 | PROC | 20-Feb-98 | UNSCR 1153 expands Iraqi oil sales to $5.256B/year |
221 | POL | 23-Feb-98 | Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with UN Secretary General on inspection of Presidential sites |
222 | BW | March/April 1998 | BW Technical Evaluation Meetings conclude Iraq has not fully disclosed BW programs |
223 | CW | Apr 1998 | VX discovered on missile warhead fragments |
224 | POL | 28-Apr-98 | UNSC decides to continue sanctions; reinstates 60 day reviews |
225 | POL | 1998 | Huwaysh becomes Deputy PM/Head of the Ind. Committee: new Husayn Kamil? |
226 | OTHER/NUC | 1998 Onward | Saddam becomes increasingly interested in the activities of the Iraq Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC) & begins holding regular meetings with IAEC representatives |
227 | PROC | 19-Jun-98 | UNSCR 1175 allows $300M for oil spare parts |
228 | POL | 24-Jun-98 | Leak reveals VX lab results; allies condemn Iraq |
229 | POL | 1998 | Iraq disappointed when positive IAEA report does not lead to UN resolution |
230 | CW | Jul 1998 | Mosul University accepts DCC (VX stabilizer) tasking |
231 | BW | July 1998 | BW TEM, held in Baghdad at Iraq’s request, concludes BW not fully disclosed |
232 | PROC | 05-Jul-98 | Iraq and Jordan agree to construct oil pipeline |
233 | PROC | 1998 | French refusal to pay surcharge on Iraqi oil causes relations between the countries to cool |
234 | PROC | 1998 | Regime procurement with Bulgaria, France, FRY, PRC, and South Korea leads to further sanctions erosion |
235 | PROC | 15-Jul-98 | Iraq & Syria agree to build second pipeline |
236 | POL | 18-Jul-98 | UNSCOM discovers Air Force CW document at Air Force HQ |
237 | POL | 03-Aug-98 | Aziz-Butler standoff: ‘Aziz rejects proposed schedule & demands favorable report to UNSC |
238 | POL | 05-Aug-98 | Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) announces end of no-notice UN inspections |
239 | POL | 11-Aug-98 | NMD committee to sort documents is formed |
240 | PROC | 20-Aug-98 | Iraq and Syria agree to re-open pipeline (Kirkuk to Mediterranean Terminals) |
241 | POL | 09-Sep-98 | UNSCR 1194 condemns Iraq’s decision to stop cooperation with UNSCOM |
242 | POL | 27-Sep-98 | Turkey restores full diplomatic relations with Iraq |
243 | POL | 23-Oct-98 | UN Expert Panel confirms VX and stabilizer DCC found in destroyed warheads, asks Iraq to explain |
244 | POL | 31-Oct-98 | UN discontinues UNSCOM Monitoring due to increased tension and Iraqi intransigence |
245 | POL | 14-Nov-98 | Under US military threat Iraq agrees to resume inspections |
246 | PROC | 05-Dec-98 | MIC establishes second front company (ARMOS) to trade with Russia |
247 | POL | Late 1998/Early 1999 | Saddam disappointed at Huwaysh report that only conventional missile payloads available |
248 | POL | 16-Dec-98 | UNSCOM & IAEA leave Iraq, but NMD continues site liaison and data collection |
249 | POL | 17-Dec-98 | Desert Fox |
250 | POL | 19-Dec-98 | Iraq declares that UNSCOM will never be allowed to return |
251 | OTHER/NUC | 1999 | IAEC initiates a rail gun program at two sites: Roland Missile Factory and adjacent to Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center (TNRC) |
252 | DS | Jan 1999 | RPV-20/30 program starts |
253 | PROC | 04-Jan-99 | Iraq & Jordan renew crude oil agreement and renegotiate annually |
254 | PROC | 13-Jan-99 | World oil production cut, Iraq plans to raise output to 3 million barrels per day |
255 | PROC | 07-Feb-99 | King Husayn of Jordan dies, his heir restricts illicit trade with Iraq |
256 | POL | Feb - Apr 1999 | Amorim panel meets, recommends creating new inspection group |
257 | POL | March 1999 | Iraq media calls for strikes on US targets to force change in US policy |
258 | POL | Apr 1999 | France & Russia introduce draft resolution; Netherlands & UK counter |
259 | DS | June 1999 | Huwaysh replaces Ra’id with Muzhir at Al Karama |
260 | POL | 01-Jun-99 | Iran fires three missiles at MEK camp in Iraq |
261 | OTHER/NUC | 1999 | Huwaysh gets research grants for university professors to preserve scientific base |
262 | POL | 1999 | Huwaysh orders MIC not to jeopardize lifting of sanctions |
263 | OTHER/NUC | 1999 | IAEC establishes new laser division |
264 | PROC | 1999 | Regime procurement with Bulgaria, France, FRY, India, Jordan, North Korea, Russia, and Ukraine leads to further sanctions erosion |
265 | POL | 1999 | MIC employees sign affidavits pledging to surrender documents and not to import prohibited materials |
266 | OTHER/NUC | 1999 | Saddam personally intervenes to improve IAEC conditions; raises salaries and prevents scientists from leaving |
267 | POL | 1999 | Saddam asks Huwaysh how long it will take to build a CW production line |
268 | POL | 17-Jul-99 | Saddam speech: America has taken control of the oil wealth of Arab countries |
269 | PROC | Oct 1999 | Iraqi Intelligence Service (IIS) Director Rafi’ Daham Al Tikriti dies; replacement is close to MIC |
270 | POL | Dec 1999 | Russians push to lift sanctions |
271 | POL | 17-Dec-99 | UNSCR 1284 creates UN Monitoring and Verification Commission (UNMOVIC) and lifts all Iraqi oil export ceilings |
272 | OTHER/NUC | 2000 | MIC rail gun program research continuing at Al Tahadi |
273 | PROC | 2000 | Sharp rise in Iraqi educational spending: two new universities |
274 | PROC | Jan 2000 | Turkish trade/oil sale protocol signed |
275 | DS | Jan 2000 | Start of Al Quds UAV program with goal of 100kg payload |
276 | CW | Feb 2000 | Yugoimport submits tender to MIC for $53,125 of white phosphorous (WP) |
277 | CW | March 2000 | Fallujah II complex renovates chlorine and phenol lines and restarts |
278 | CW | Mar 2000 | Yugoimport Special Purpose Military Production firm Krusik delivers 11,150 KG of WP to Hatin, which produces WP rounds |
279 | POL | 01-Mar-00 | Blix assumes leadership of UNSCOM successor UNMOVIC |
280 | PROC | May 2000 | Syria-Iraq Trade/Oil sale protocol established; Syrian pipeline opens |
281 | POL | June 2000 | Saddam speech: Iraq cannot give up its weapons if neighbors do not |
282 | DS | June 2000 | Saddam orders the design of long range missile |
283 | POL/PROC | June 2000 | French contracts under OFF total $1.78B--second only to Russia |
284 | PROC | 10-Jun-00 | President Hafez al-Assad of Syria dies: opens diplomatic opportunities for Iraq |
285 | PROC | July 2000 | Iraq negotiates deals with Russia worth $20B |
286 | OTHER/NUC | 2000 | Al Tahadi Company signs magnet production line contract with Romanian company |
287 | PROC | 2000 | Regime procurement with Belarus, FRY, India, Jordan, North Korea, PRC, South Korea, Syria, Russia and Ukraine leads to further sanctions erosion |
288 | DS | 23-Aug-00 | Engineering drawings for 2 and 5 clustered SA-2 engine missiles created |
289 | PROC | Sept 2000 | 10% contract value kickbacks on OFF imports officially begin; may have been occurring since 1998 |
290 | PROC | Mid-Late 2000 | Iraq initiates contacts with a Chinese firm NORINCO, and first of several contacts over the next two years |
291 | POL | 01-Nov-00 | Baghdad International Fair: 46 countries participate, a ten-year record |
292 | POL | 07-Nov-00 | Saudis open border for OFF exports |
293 | PROC | Dec 2000 | Leadership starts $.20-$.35 per barrel OFF oil surcharge; by 2002 drops to $.15 per barrel |
294 | NUC | March 2001 | IAEC President asks Saddam to gather former IAEC scientists and researchers at Tuwaitha - Saddam says no |
295 | POL | April 2001 | Major Iranian missile attack on Mujaheddin el-Khalq (MEK) facilities in Iraq |
296 | DS | Early 2001 | L-29 RPV crash on final attempted unmanned flight |
297 | NUC | 20-May-01 | Iraqi embassy in Nairobi reports rejecting an opportunity to buy uranium |
298 | PROC | June 2001 | Central Bank of Iraq (CBI) begins to get cash/gold from OFF kickbacks via courier |
299 | DS | June 2001 | Huwaysh approves the Al Samud II program |
300 | POL | 2001 | MIC Director orders reconstruction of items destroyed by UNSCOM |
301 | POL | 2001 | Saddam asks Huwaysh if he had developed BW and is told no |
302 | POL | 2001 | Intensified Iraqi intel focus on Iranian nuclear program |
303 | OTHER/NUC | 2001 | Al Tahadi Company signs magnet production line contract with Belarusian company |
304 | PROC | 2001 | Regime procurement with Belarus, Bulgaria, France, FRY, India, Jordan, North Korea, PRC, South Korea, Syria, Russia and Ukraine leads to further sanctions erosion |
305 | POL | 2001 | NMD deputy requests scientists to turn in any documents they may have at home |
306 | OTHER/NUC | 2001 | IAEC establishes Technical Research Branch under Physics Department to support rail gun research |
307 | POL | mid 2001 | Aluminum tubes destined for Iraq captured in Jordan |
308 | DS | 24-Aug-01 | First successful launch of Al Samud II |
309 | PROC | 01-Sep-01 | MIC founds a 3rd front company: Al Mufakhir Export Co |
310 | POL | 11-Sep-01 | 9/11 terrorist attacks on New York and Washington |
311 | POL | 12-Sep-01 | Iraq misinterprets US reaction to events of 9/11; adopts ill-conceived diplomatic position |
312 | OTHER/NUC | Late 2001 | IAEC Modernization Project begins and initiates purchase of CNC machines |
313 | POL | Oct-Nov 2001 | Enduring Freedom defeats the Taliban in Afghanistan |
314 | DS | Dec 2001 | Iraq begins serial production of the Al Samud II |
315 | POL | Late 2001 | Around this time, Iraqi scientists tell Regime leaders they cannot produce WMD |
316 | OTHER/NUC | January 2002 | Saddam issues order for IAEC and MIC to implement cooperative projects in physics, machining, electronics |
317 | PROC | January 2002 | Saddam directs the MIC to assist the IAEC with foreign procurement |
318 | PROC | 26-28 January 2002 | Tariq ‘Aziz visits Moscow and Beijing to bolster international support for lifting UNSC sanctions |
319 | POL | 29-Jan-02 | Bush refers to ‘Axis of Evil’ in State of the Union address |
320 | NUC | 12-Feb-02 | Saddam declares “We will not return to it” with reference to nuclear weapons |
321 | POL | 13-Feb-02 | Iraq says inspectors will not be allowed to return |
322 | PROC | March 2002 | MIC front company ARMOS authorized to trade outside of Russia |
323 | POL | 21-Mar-02 | Russia blocks UNSC attempt to tighten-up OFF, reduce violations |
324 | POL | March/April 2002 | Iraq & UN hold new inspection talks in NY |
325 | DS | 01-Jun-02 | Jinin cruise missile project initiated (1000km range; 500kg payload) |
326 | DS | 2002 | Ibn Firnas recommends MIC cancel L-29 RPV program |
327 | POL | July 2002 | Iraq & UN hold more inspection talks in Vienna |
328 | OTHER/NUC | Mid 2002 | MIC Rotating Machinery Department (RMD) formed; machine tools ordered, including a balancing machine |
329 | OTHER/NUC | 05-Jul-02 | Copper vapor laser demonstrated to Huwaysh; put into storage |
330 | PROC | 2002 | Regime procurement with Belarus, France, FRY, India, Jordan, PRC, Russia, Syria and Ukraine leads to further sanctions erosion |
331 | POL/PROC | 2002 | Iraq and Russia negotiate $40B oil development deal to be undertaken once sanctions are lifted |
332 | OTHER/NUC | 2002 | MIC sponsors 3200 research projects in Iraqi universities (up from 40 in 1997) |
333 | OTHER/NUC | 2002 | MIC builds explosive test facility capable of researching shaped charges |
334 | POL | Mid 2002 | Iraq begins production of 81mm aluminum tubes for rockets |
335 | DS | Sept 2002 | CAD designs for a launcher accommodating missiles up to 1m in diameter; 9m in length |
336 | POL | Sept 2002 | Higher Committee, once controlled by Tariq ‘Aziz, is reconstituted to deal with inspections, headed by Taha Ramadan |
337 | CW | Sep 02 | Over 900,000 nerve agent antidote autoinjectors had been purchased |
338 | POL | 12-Sep-02 | Bush calls Iraq ‘Grave and gathering danger’ in UN General Assembly (UNGA) speech |
339 | POL | 16-Sep-02 | Iraq agrees to readmit inspectors |
340 | POL | 18-Sep-02 | Publication of UK Iraq WMD dossier |
341 | POL | Nov 2002 | MIC scientists meet and are told that Iraq has no WMD, and they must not hide anything from inspectors |
342 | DS | Nov 2002 | Jinin and other covert delivery system programs suspended due to return of inspectors |
343 | POL | 08-Nov-02 | UNSCR 1441 finds Iraq in material breach, calls for disarmament and FFCD |
344 | POL | 08-Nov-02 | Russia refuses to veto UNSCR 1441 |
345 | POL | 27-Nov-02 | UNMOVIC inspections begin |
346 | POL | Dec 2002 | Saddam tells his Generals he does not have WMD |
347 | POL | Dec 2002 | Saddam tells military leaders/senior leaders to “cooperate completely” with inspectors |
348 | POL/DS | Dec 2002 | UNMOVIC freezes the Al Samud II and Al Fat’h flight tests upon further analysis of system’s range capbility |
349 | OTHER/NUC | Dec 2002 | Details of IAEC dual-use CNC machine purchases provided to UN/IAEA |
350 | POL | End of 2002 | Iraq successfully flight tests 81mm rockets with indigenously produced aluminum tubes |
351 | POL | Late 2002 | Iraq again attempts foreign purchase of 81mm tubes |
352 | POL | Dec 2002 | NMD publishes the Currently Accurate Full, and Complete Declaration |
353 | CW | Jan 2003 | Two teams from IAEC and Al Majid Company develop multipurpose controllers for process plant |
354 | PROC | Jan 2003 | MIC annual budget at $500M |
355 | POL | Jan-2003 | UNMOVIC finds 12 empty 122mm CW rocket warheads |
356 | POL | Jan 2003 | Iraqi MoD conference on Iranian WMD |
357 | POL | 20-Jan-03 | Husam Amin tells military leaders to cooperate with inspectors, repeating Saddam’s earlier directives |
358 | POL | 20-Jan-03 | The MIC directs all Directors General of state companies to relinquish any WMD to the NMD |
359 | POL | 25-Jan-03 | The NMD director meets with Republican Guard (RG) leaders and advises they sign documents stating no WMD in RG units |
360 | CW | Feb 2003 | Inspection of Al Nu’man factory reveals cluster bomb that management claimed from Al Muthanna |
361 | POL | Feb 2003 | According to senior Iraqi Minister of Foreign Affairs, Saddam has decided to use CW against US troops in the event of war |
362 | CW | Feb-2003 | Iraq recommends excavating R-400 bomb fragments at Al ‘Aziziyah |
363 | NUC | February 2003 | DG of NMD still trying to satisfy IAEA concern over missing explosive lens mold drawings |
364 | POL | 05-Feb-03 | US SecState Powell presents evidence of Iraqi WMD programs to UNSC |
365 | POL | 14-Feb-03 | Saddam issues directive banning private companies and individuals from importing WMD materials or producing WMD |
366 | POL | 28-Feb-03 | Russia threatens veto of UNSCR authorizing war on Iraq |
367 | CW | March 2003 | New construction scheduled for MIM plant to provide indigenous multi-purpose production facility, halted due to OIF |
368 | PROC | Mar 2003 | MIC has $186M in contracts with Syria (SES Company) |
369 | DS | 1-17 Mar 2003 | UNMOVIC bans Samud II and supervises destruction of missiles |
370 | PROC | Early 2003 | Regime procurement with Belarus, Bulgaria, France, India, Jordan, PRC, Russia, Syria, and Ukraine leads to further sanctions erosion |
371 | PROC | 01-Mar-03 | MIC has accumulated $300M+ in reserves |
372 | PROC | Early March | Saddam forms a funds distribution committee consisting of Minister of Finance, President of the Diwan, Presidential Secretary, and Qusay Husayn |
373 | POL | 06-Mar-03 | UNMOVIC publishes report - Unresolved Disarmament Issues (Clusters) |
374 | POL | 10-Mar-03 | France threatens veto of UN resolution authorizing war; later opposes OIF |
375 | POL | 18-Mar-03 | UNMOVIC and IAEA depart Iraq |
376 | POL | 19-Mar-03 | Initiation of hostilities |
377 | POL | Late March 2003 | Saddam implies to military leaders that he has secret weapon |
NEWSLETTER
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