Further Reading

Iraq Survey Group Final Report

 

Regime Strategy and WMD
Timeline Events

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Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline Events
Serial #	Issue Area	Date Name	Short Description
1	POL	1980	Iraq invades Iran
2	POL	1981	Israeli Air Force bombs Iraq’s Osirak nuclear reactor
3	CW	08-Jun-81	Code name Research Center 922 to produce chemical weapons (CW) agents Mustard, Tabun, Sarin, and VX
4	NUC	1981	Iraq Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC) pursues Laser Isotope Separation (LIS) for uranium enrichment
5	CW	06-Aug-81	CW program reorganized (Project 922) at Al Rashad
6	NUC	Early 1982	IAEC Office of Studies and Development (OSD) established for uranium enrichment R&D (later renamed Office 3000)
7	BW	1983	BW program added to Project 922 mission
8	CW	1983	First media reports of use of Iraqi CW (Mustard) against Iranian forces
9	CW	1984	Media reports of the use of CW (Tabun) against Iranian forces
10	NUC	1984	Al Qaim yellowcake plant commissioned
11	BW	1985	BW program restarted
12	POL	Mid 1985	Iranian F4 attack on Project 922 site (later Al Muthanna State Establishment - ‘Al Muthanna’)
13	CW	1986	Construction of Fallujah II commenced
14	POL	Oct-86	Iranian SCUDs fired at MSE
15	POL	Nov-86	Irangate scandal in the United States (the covert supplying of missiles to Iran)
16	POL	Late 1986	Iraq deploys significant portion of Roland Air Defense Systems to Al Muthanna
17	BW	1987	Proposal to scale up BW production at MSE denied; program moved to Al Salman
18	NUC	April 1987	Groups 1, 2, 3 formed under Office 3000; Group 1 leaves, becomes Engineering Design Directorate under MIC
19	NUC	April 1987	Al Husayn project formed to study requirements for weapons program
20	BW	Aug-87	Taji Single Cell Protein (SCP) assets relocated to bolster BW at Al Salman
21	POL	19-Aug-87	Lieutentant General Husayn Kamil (HK) appointed head of new Military Industrialization Commission (MIC)
22	NUC	November 1987	Al Husayn project transfers to IAEC and later becomes Group 4 under Office 3000
23	NUC	Late 1987	Iraq begins construction on Electromagnetic Isotope Separation (EMIS) facilities at Tarmiya
24	BW	1988	Initial BW trials (Feb-May)
25	POL	Feb-1988	War of the Cities begins
26	DS	February 1988	Iraq receives last of 29 deliveries of 819 SCUDs from former Soviet Union (FSU)
27	POL	Mar-88	CW used against Kurdish city of Halabja
28	NUC	1988	LIS abandoned as a uranium enrichment process
29	POL	Apr-1988	War of the Cities ends
30	BW	Apr-1988	Construction of dedicated BW agent production plant (Al Hakam) begins
31	BW	May 1988	BW broadened with addition of fungal toxins
32	NUC	mid 1988	Iraq begins magnetic-bearing centrifuge program
33	NUC	August 1988	Construction begins on Al Athir nuclear weapons fabrication & assembly facility under Al Husayn project (Group 4)
34	NUC	August 1988	German engineers provide centrifuge design data
35	CW	August 1988	Al Muthanna stops CW agent production and focuses on research
36	POL	08-Aug-88	Iran and Iraq agree to ceasefire
37	NUC	November 1988	Husayn Kamil takes control of combined Iraqi nuclear weapons program
38	BW	November 1988	Al Kindi vaccine production fermentation line moved to Al Hakam
39	BW	1989	First bulk production run of Botulinum toxin at Al Hakam
40	NUC	Jan 1989	Office 3000 officially renamed Petrochemical Project 3 (PC-3) under Ja’far
41	DS	1989	Iraq cancels BADR-2000 Contract with Egypt
42	NUC	Feb-90	Iraq completes one nuclear-related fireset
43	POL	02-Apr-90	Saddam threatens to use binary CW against Israel if Israel attacks Iraq
44	CW	Apr-1990	Manufacture of Al Husayn special chemical warheads commences
45	POL	April 1990	Husayn Kamil gives orders to weaponize BW as quickly as possible
46	CW	Jun-1990	Iraq starts filling Al Husayn special warheads (CW) & R-400 bombs at Al Muthanna
47	NUC	1990	EDC acquires carbon fiber rotors from a German supplier
48	NUC	1990	Iraq arranges for a winding machine and carbon fiber (reaches Jordan July 1992)
49	PROC	17-Jul-90	Saddam accuses neighbors of threatening Iraq via low oil prices
50	PROC	18-Jul-90	Tariq ‘Aziz accuses Kuwait of stealing Iraqi oil
51	CW	August 1990	Iraq deploys a range of CW around Iraq before invasion of Kuwait
52	POL	02-Aug-90	Iraq invades Kuwait
53	POL	06-Aug-90	United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 661 establishes embargo on Iraq
54	BW	Sep-90	Al Dawrah Foot & Mouth Disease Vaccine (FMDV) plant annexed by BW for agent production and virus R&D
55	BW	Sep-90	Agricultural Water and Resources Center annexed by BW for aflatoxin production
56	BW	Nov-1990	Iraq’s declared start date for Mirage F-1 drop tank CW spray conversion (for BW)
57	DS	November 1990	MIG-21 Remotely Piloted Vehicle (RPV) Conversion project initiated
58	BW	Dec-1990	1st flight test of Mirage F-1 CW spray drop tank system (for BW)
59	NUC	Jan-91	Work on uranium metal casting initiated at Al Athir
60	BW	Jan-1991	R-400, 400A BW bombs sent to Airstrip 37 and Al ‘Aziziyah firing range
61	NUC	Early 1991	Tarmiya EMIS equipment commissioned; Iraq testing a gas centrifuge using carbon fiber rotor
62	NUC	Early 1991	After Kuwait invasion, Iraq resumes work on a 50-machine centrifuge cascade, as part of a “crash” nuclear program
63	DS	12-Jan-91	MIG-21 RPV flight from Al Rashid Air Base
64	CBW	15-Jan-91	MIC orders evacuation to safety of all assets & dangerous materials
65	BW	15-Jan-91	Mirage F1 droptank deployed to Al ‘Ubaydi with anthrax spores at airfield out-station
66	BW	15-Jan-91	Iraq deploys 25 BW warheads
67	POL	17-Jan-91	Gulf War (Desert Storm) begins
68	POL	Feb 1991	Sources warn that Iraq will use WMD if territorial integrity threatened
69	POL	28-Feb-91	Gulf War ends
70	POL	March 1991	All but two Iraqi provinces in revolt
71	POL	March 1991	Iraq uses CS and nerve agent-filled bombs on Shi’a in Najaf and Karbala (nerve bombs fail to operate)
72	DS	April 1991	MIG-21 RPV Program discontinued post Desert Storm
73	NUC	Early 1991	Qusay, Husayn Kamil order nuclear documents and equipment hidden
74	BW	01-Apr-91	Single-Cell Protein (SCP) and Bio-pesticide (BT) decided as cover for Hakam
75	POL	03-Apr-91	UNSCR 687 demands disarmament and compensation fund financed by Iraq
76	NUC	April 1991	Centrifuge development ceases after UNSCR 687
77	POL	Mid April 1991	Regime begins denial and deception program
78	POL	April 1991	Husayn Kamil orders retention of 85 SCUD missiles
79	POL	April 1991	Husayn Kamil orders elimination of evidence of offensive BW program, but BW weapons remain in situ at deployment sites
80	POL	18-Apr-91	Iraq responds to UNSCR 687 with incomplete WMD declaration
81	BW	18-Apr-91	Iraq letter to UN Secretary General (UNSG) denies BW program
82	NUC	27-Apr-91	Iraq declares safeguarded material and Al Qaim yellowcake production to UN/IAEA
83	NUC	Late May 1991	PC-3 sites ordered to hand over materials, equipment and documents to the Security Apparatus for the Protection of Military Industrialization Establishments (SAP) prior to inspections to avoid detection
84	POL	June 1991	Husayn Kamil orders retention of WMD know-how documentation and small amounts of key WMD materiel
85	CW	09-Jun-91	UNSCOM starts weapons inspections; first CW inspection at MSE (U-2, CW-1)
86	POL	30-Jun-91	Iraqi High Level Committee formed to address retention of proscribed materiel
87	POL	1991	Saddam states: “Sanctions will last no more than 3 years”
88	DS	July 1991	Husayn Kamil orders retention of 2 missiles and some missile parts
89	POL	July 1991	Special Republican Guard (SRG) officers receive orders from Qusay to move/conceal MIC materials
90	DS	06-Jul-91	Iraq completes destruction of declared SCUD-type missiles under UNSCOM supervision
91	NUC	07-Jul-91	IAEA seizure of EMIS components prompts Iraqi admission of large EMIS program
92	POL	1991	Husayn Kamil tells ‘Abd Hamid Mahmoud it is unnecessary to declare BW programs and will order scientists to hide evidence at home
93	DS	July 1991	Unilateral missile destruction
94	POL	July 1991	Unexpectedly robust UN inspections lead Iraq to start unilateral destruction, as later claimed by regime
95	NUC	by 1991	Iraq receives nine flow-forming machines from Germany
96	CBW	Mid July 1991	CW and all BW munitions unilaterally destroyed, according to subsequent Iraqi claims
97	POL	Summer 1991	Committee of Special Duties forms under Husayn Kamil or Qusay to covertly obstruct UN inspections
98	BW	02-Aug-91	First UNSCOM BW inspection begins at Al Salman (U-7, BW-1)
99	POL	15-Aug-91	UNSCR 707 demands Full, Final and Complete Declaration (FFCD) as required by UNSCR 687
100	PROC	Sept 1991	Iraq-Jordan Trade Protocol renegotiated and then reviewed annually
101	POL	Sept 1991	UNSCOM begins destruction of declared CW and agent; continues until July 1994
102	NUC	Late 1991	IAEA seizure of documents leads to Iraqi admission of Al Athir existence
103	BW	Sept or Oct 1991	Destruction of bulk agents at Al Hakam (reported to UN in 1995)
104	PROC	01-Sep-91	MIC forms Al Basha’ir front company to obtain items for Ministry of Defense (MoD), IAEC
105	POL	11-Oct-91	UNSCR 715 calls for unconditional acceptance of inspectors and ongoing monitoring/verification
106	BW	November 1991	Decision to dissolve Technical Research Center (TRC): implemented over the following year
107	DS	Dec 1991	Unilateral destruction of remaining 2 missiles completed
108	POL	Feb 1992	Husayn Kamil appointed Supervising Minister, responsible for MIC, Oil, MIM, & head of Economic Committee
109	DS	Feb 1992	UNSCOM-28 prevented from destroying prohibited missile equipment and facilities
110	BW	Early 1992	Iraq begins design, construction of 5 cubic meter fermentors at Hakam (2) and Tuwaitha Agricultural and Biological Research Center (TABRC) (1)
111	NUC	March 1992	PC-3 officially dissolved
112	BW	Early 1992	Al Razi Research Center and Ibn-al-Baytar Center formed
113	POL	17-Mar-92	Iraq admits to July - Dec ‘91 unilateral destruction of CW, missiles
114	DS	Apr 1992	UNSCOM-34 completes destruction of known prohibited missile production equipment and buildings
115	DS	Apr 1992	Creation of Ibn-al-Haytham missile R&D center
116	NUC	Mar-Apr 1992	PC-3 and EDC personnel transferred en masse to MIC and other companies to support rebuilding of Iraq
117	DS	May 1992	Iraq submits first missile FFCD
118	NUC	Apr - June 1992	Al Athir nuclear weapons fabrication & assembly facility destroyed by IAEA
119	BW	01-May-92	Iraq admits it had defensive BW program
120	CW	June 1992	Iraq provides FFCD for CW
121	CW	July 1992	UNSCOM begins destruction of CW facilities
122	OTHER/NUC	1993	MIC initiates Rail Gun Program at the High Voltage Establishment (later renamed Al Tahadi)
123	POL	13-Jan-93	US, UK, France conduct bombing raids on southern Iraq (targeted missile sites and command and control bases)
124	POL	Feb 1993	Saddam warns strikes on Iraq will result in a precise reaction
125	POL	1993	Husayn Kamil tells WMD scientists that programs will resume and be expanded once inspectors leave
126	DS	1993	Al Samud program initiated
127	CW	20-Oct-93	Former CW facilities split from National Company for Agricultural Chemicals and Medicines
128	POL	November 1993	Iraq accepts UNSCR 715: long-term monitoring
129	BW	1994	1993-1995 Bacillus thuringiensis (dry formulated preparation) produced at Al Hakam
130	POL	Jan 1994	National Monitoring Directorate (NMD) established in response to UNSCR 715
131	PROC	Early 1994	Iraq takes drastic measures (e.g. amputation) to enforce emergency economic measures
132	DS	17-Mar-94	UNSCOM letter limits diameter of Al Samud to 600mm and restricts use of SA-2 in SSM mode
133	CW	01-Jun-94	UNSCOM completes destruction of known CW agents and production facilities
134	OTHER/NUC	1994	Iraqi laser projects moved from IAEC to MIC Laser Research Center
135	NUC	Mid 1994	Iraqi nuclear scientists prohibited from traveling outside Iraq
136	POL	Late 1994	Iraq threatens to stop co-operating unless oil embargo lifted
137	POL	Late 1994	Iraq moves forces to Kuwaiti border
138	POL	13-Oct-94	Russians counsel Iraq to accept Kuwait border
139	POL	21-Oct-94	Iraq, Russia offer joint proposal to recognize Kuwait if sanctions lifted
140	POL	November 1994	Iranian missile attack on MEK facilities in Iraq
141	BW	Early 1995	UNSCOM discovers 42 tons of unaccounted-for BW growth medium; Iraq cannot explain
142	DS	March 1995	Iraq blocks destruction of SCUD engine production equipment
143	BW	07-Apr-95	UNSCOM seminar concludes Iraq has undeclared full scale BW program
144	POL	14-Apr-95	UN passes Oil for Food (OFF) Resolution 986
145	POL	Early 1995	Iraq wants deal: ‘Give us a clean report on CW and missiles and we will satisfy UN resolutions on BW’
146	POL	03-May-95	UNSCOM seminar concludes Iraq has not fully disclosed past CW activities
147	DS	June 1995	SCUD engine production equipment destroyed
148	POL	June 1995	Iraqi Foreign Minister demands UNSC lift sanctions
149	OTHER/NUC	Mid 1995	MIC cancels Rail Gun program at Al Tahadi
150	BW	01-Jul-95	Iraq admits offensive BW program but denies weaponization
151	BW	01-Jul-95	Iraq submits draft BW FFCD based on 1 July admission of BW program
152	BW	01-Jul-95	Russia agrees to provide Iraq with 50 cubic meter fermentation plant
153	POL	17-Jul-95	Saddam demands UNSC lift sanctions
154	BW	04-Aug-95	Iraq submits BW FFCD based on 1 July admission
155	POL	08-Aug-95	Husayn Kamil flees Iraq
156	BW	09-Aug-95	Iraq declares BW FFCD null and void
157	POL	mid-Aug 1995	Kamal Mustafa orders Walid Tawfiq to burn docs at ‘Aqarquf
158	BW	17-Aug-95	Iraq declares more complete BW program (still does not declare ricin)
159	POL	20-Aug-95	Iraq reveals 143 boxes of documents to UNSCOM at chicken farm
160	CW	Sep 1995	Saddam orders creation of the Industrial Committee (IC) and Economic Committee (EC)
161	BW	01-Sep-95	Iraq admits more of its BW program (now includes ricin)
162	POL	Sep-Oct 95	Large number of organizational changes in MIC
163	DS	Nov 1995	Iraq submits second missile FFCD
164	PROC	Late 1995	Saddam re-establishes the Economic Affairs Committee (EAC) to influence fiscal and monetary policy
165	DS	01-Nov-95	Iraq begins the Al Bay’ah (L-29) RPV program
166	DS	10-Nov-95	UNSCOM intercepts illegal Russian SS-N-18 SLBM gyros in Jordan
167	DS	Dec 1995	Dr. Muzhir is imprisoned (until January 1998)
168	PROC		Iraqi economy bottoms out (GDP drops to 20% of 1989; inflation hits 387%)
169	PROC	1996	Annual MIC budget is $7.8M
170	CW	1996-1997	Industrial Committee begins work, plans to coordinate indigenous chemical production
171	POL	06-Jan-96	Saddam decrees austerity measures due to inflation caused by sanctions
172	PROC	17-Jan-96	Iraq agrees to discuss UN plan for limited oil sales
173	POL	23-Feb-96	Husayn Kamil and brother are executed following their return to Iraq
174	POL		Iraq signs MOU accepting Oil for Food
175	CW	June 1996	Iraq submits 3rd chemical FFCD
176	BW	15-Jun-96	After series of draft BW FFCD’s, Iraq submits first post-Husayn Kamil departure BW FFCD
177	BW	20-Jun-96	Al Hakam BW plant destroyed under UNSCOM supervision
178	DS	July 1996	Iraq submits 3rd missile FFCD
179	DS	1996	Work commences at Ibn Firnas to convert L-29 to an RPV
180	POL	1996	WMD scientists ordered to sign agreement to turn over any documentation in their homes
181	NUC	1996	Fadil Al Janabi appointed head of IAEC
182	PROC	1996	Regime procurement with Jordan leads to further sanctions erosion
183	POL	31-Aug-96	Iraqi forces attack Irbil
184	CW	Sep 1996	Twenty fourth meeting of the IC indicates committee was concerned about wasting intellectual capital
185	BW	01-Sep-96	Iraq submits new BW FFCD
186	POL	03-Sep-96	Coalition forces extend No-Fly zones
187	NUC	07-Sep-96	Iraq submits nuclear FFCD
188	OTHER/NUC	After 1996	Air defense projects were a priority at the IAEC
189	POL	10-Dec-96	OFF is implemented
190	POL	12-Dec-96	Assassination attempt cripples ‘Uday Husayn
191	NUC	Through 1990s	Two scientists - one former EMIS and one former centrifuge - retain hidden nuclear documents and components
192	PROC	18-Mar-97	Iraq grants Russia MFN trade status, awards it 20% of initial OFF contracts
193	PROC	22-Mar-97	Iraq establishes a new Iraqi/Russian oil company
194	POL	27-Mar-97	Huwaysh becomes director of MIC; preserving pre-war nuclear competence becomes less important
195	POL	Early 1997	VP Ramadan recognizes OFF activities as opportunity
196	DS	13-Apr-97	First flight of L-29 RPV
197	POL	1997	Huwaysh orders MIC employees to sign statements certifying they do not have WMD documents or equipment
198	PROC	1997	Regime procurement with Jordan, South Korea, Syria leads to further sanctions erosion
199	NUC	19-Jul-97	Fireset exhumed from rubble at Al Athir and turned over to inspectors
200	POL	Sept 1997	Iranian aircraft strike MEK facilities in Iraq; Iraq asks UN to act
201	BW	Sept 1997	UN inspectors find documents from July 1995 that show Russia intended to sell Iraq dual-use fermentation equipment
202	BW	01-Sep-97	Iraq submits new BW FFCD
203	CW	Oct 1997	Chemical process equipment purchased before 1991 for CW programs destroyed by UNSCOM
204	POL	10-Oct-97	UNSCOM attempts inspection of a Presidential palace and Iraq denies access
205	POL	15-Oct-97	Iraq protests UN inspection practices
206	DS	24-Oct-97	First Al Samud launch
207	DS	Nov 1997	UNSCOM Executive Chairman Butler to Iraq Government: no SA2 components to be used on Iraqi ballistic missiles
208	PROC	Nov 1997	Saddam approves MIC plan to use IIS to assist procurement
209	POL	03-Nov-97	Iraq awards Russian company contract to develop W Qurna oil field
210	POL	13-Nov-97	UNSCOM suspends inspections in Iraq
211	DS	Nov 1997	L-29 RPV and associated control equipment deployed to Tallil airbase in southern Iraq.
212	POL	20-Nov-97	Russia brokers agreement to resume UN inspections; inspections subsequently resume
213	PROC	Nov 1997	Aziz travels to Syria to re-establish relations
214	PROC	28-Nov-97	Rabi’ah and Al Qa’im border crossings opened with Syria (no UN monitoring)
215	OTHER/NUC	After 1997	Large laser research contract between MIC and Technology University initiated
216	NUC	By 1998	Many nuclear scientists have migrated to other high priority programs such as air defense, infrastructure repair, rebuilding industrial base
217	CW/DS	Feb 1998	Technical Evaluation Meetings (TEM) conclude Iraq has not fully disclosed CW, missile activities
218	POL	Early 1998	Inner circle views Saddam as increasingly reclusive
219	PROC	06-Feb-98	Iraq rejects UN’s proposal to increase oil exports
220	PROC	20-Feb-98	UNSCR 1153 expands Iraqi oil sales to $5.256B/year
221	POL	23-Feb-98	Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with UN Secretary General on inspection of Presidential sites
222	BW	March/April 1998	BW Technical Evaluation Meetings conclude Iraq has not fully disclosed BW programs
223	CW	Apr 1998	VX discovered on missile warhead fragments
224	POL	28-Apr-98	UNSC decides to continue sanctions; reinstates 60 day reviews
225	POL	1998	Huwaysh becomes Deputy PM/Head of the Ind. Committee: new Husayn Kamil?
226	OTHER/NUC	1998 Onward	Saddam becomes increasingly interested in the activities of the Iraq Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC) & begins holding regular meetings with IAEC representatives
227	PROC	19-Jun-98	UNSCR 1175 allows $300M for oil spare parts
228	POL	24-Jun-98	Leak reveals VX lab results; allies condemn Iraq
229	POL	1998	Iraq disappointed when positive IAEA report does not lead to UN resolution
230	CW	Jul 1998	Mosul University accepts DCC (VX stabilizer) tasking
231	BW	July 1998	BW TEM, held in Baghdad at Iraq’s request, concludes BW not fully disclosed
232	PROC	05-Jul-98	Iraq and Jordan agree to construct oil pipeline
233	PROC	1998	French refusal to pay surcharge on Iraqi oil causes relations between the countries to cool
234	PROC	1998	Regime procurement with Bulgaria, France, FRY, PRC, and South Korea leads to further sanctions erosion
235	PROC	15-Jul-98	Iraq & Syria agree to build second pipeline
236	POL	18-Jul-98	UNSCOM discovers Air Force CW document at Air Force HQ
237	POL	03-Aug-98	Aziz-Butler standoff: ‘Aziz rejects proposed schedule & demands favorable report to UNSC
238	POL	05-Aug-98	Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) announces end of no-notice UN inspections
239	POL	11-Aug-98	NMD committee to sort documents is formed
240	PROC	20-Aug-98	Iraq and Syria agree to re-open pipeline (Kirkuk to Mediterranean Terminals)
241	POL	09-Sep-98	UNSCR 1194 condemns Iraq’s decision to stop cooperation with UNSCOM
242	POL	27-Sep-98	Turkey restores full diplomatic relations with Iraq
243	POL	23-Oct-98	UN Expert Panel confirms VX and stabilizer DCC found in destroyed warheads, asks Iraq to explain
244	POL	31-Oct-98	UN discontinues UNSCOM Monitoring due to increased tension and Iraqi intransigence
245	POL	14-Nov-98	Under US military threat Iraq agrees to resume inspections
246	PROC	05-Dec-98	MIC establishes second front company (ARMOS) to trade with Russia
247	POL	Late 1998/Early 1999	Saddam disappointed at Huwaysh report that only conventional missile payloads available
248	POL	16-Dec-98	UNSCOM & IAEA leave Iraq, but NMD continues site liaison and data collection
249	POL	17-Dec-98	Desert Fox
250	POL	19-Dec-98	Iraq declares that UNSCOM will never be allowed to return
251	OTHER/NUC	1999	IAEC initiates a rail gun program at two sites: Roland Missile Factory and adjacent to Tuwaitha Nuclear Research Center (TNRC)
252	DS	Jan 1999	RPV-20/30 program starts
253	PROC	04-Jan-99	Iraq & Jordan renew crude oil agreement and renegotiate annually
254	PROC	13-Jan-99	World oil production cut, Iraq plans to raise output to 3 million barrels per day
255	PROC	07-Feb-99	King Husayn of Jordan dies, his heir restricts illicit trade with Iraq
256	POL	Feb - Apr 1999	Amorim panel meets, recommends creating new inspection group
257	POL	March 1999	Iraq media calls for strikes on US targets to force change in US policy
258	POL	Apr 1999	France & Russia introduce draft resolution; Netherlands & UK counter
259	DS	June 1999	Huwaysh replaces Ra’id with Muzhir at Al Karama
260	POL	01-Jun-99	Iran fires three missiles at MEK camp in Iraq
261	OTHER/NUC	1999	Huwaysh gets research grants for university professors to preserve scientific base
262	POL	1999	Huwaysh orders MIC not to jeopardize lifting of sanctions
263	OTHER/NUC	1999	IAEC establishes new laser division
264	PROC	1999	Regime procurement with Bulgaria, France, FRY, India, Jordan, North Korea, Russia, and Ukraine leads to further sanctions erosion
265	POL	1999	MIC employees sign affidavits pledging to surrender documents and not to import prohibited materials
266	OTHER/NUC	1999	Saddam personally intervenes to improve IAEC conditions; raises salaries and prevents scientists from leaving
267	POL	1999	Saddam asks Huwaysh how long it will take to build a CW production line
268	POL	17-Jul-99	Saddam speech: America has taken control of the oil wealth of Arab countries
269	PROC	Oct 1999	Iraqi Intelligence Service (IIS) Director Rafi’ Daham Al Tikriti dies; replacement is close to MIC
270	POL	Dec 1999	Russians push to lift sanctions
271	POL	17-Dec-99	UNSCR 1284 creates UN Monitoring and Verification Commission (UNMOVIC) and lifts all Iraqi oil export ceilings
272	OTHER/NUC	2000	MIC rail gun program research continuing at Al Tahadi
273	PROC	2000	Sharp rise in Iraqi educational spending: two new universities
274	PROC	Jan 2000	Turkish trade/oil sale protocol signed
275	DS	Jan 2000	Start of Al Quds UAV program with goal of 100kg payload
276	CW	Feb 2000	Yugoimport submits tender to MIC for $53,125 of white phosphorous (WP)
277	CW	March 2000	Fallujah II complex renovates chlorine and phenol lines and restarts
278	CW	Mar 2000	Yugoimport Special Purpose Military Production firm Krusik delivers 11,150 KG of WP to Hatin, which produces WP rounds
279	POL	01-Mar-00	Blix assumes leadership of UNSCOM successor UNMOVIC
280	PROC	May 2000	Syria-Iraq Trade/Oil sale protocol established; Syrian pipeline opens
281	POL	June 2000	Saddam speech: Iraq cannot give up its weapons if neighbors do not
282	DS	June 2000	Saddam orders the design of long range missile
283	POL/PROC	June 2000	French contracts under OFF total $1.78B--second only to Russia
284	PROC	10-Jun-00	President Hafez al-Assad of Syria dies: opens diplomatic opportunities for Iraq
285	PROC	July 2000	Iraq negotiates deals with Russia worth $20B
286	OTHER/NUC	2000	Al Tahadi Company signs magnet production line contract with Romanian company
287	PROC	2000	Regime procurement with Belarus, FRY, India, Jordan, North Korea, PRC, South Korea, Syria, Russia and Ukraine leads to further sanctions erosion
288	DS	23-Aug-00	Engineering drawings for 2 and 5 clustered SA-2 engine missiles created
289	PROC	Sept 2000	10% contract value kickbacks on OFF imports officially begin; may have been occurring since 1998
290	PROC	Mid-Late 2000	Iraq initiates contacts with a Chinese firm NORINCO, and first of several contacts over the next two years
291	POL	01-Nov-00	Baghdad International Fair: 46 countries participate, a ten-year record
292	POL	07-Nov-00	Saudis open border for OFF exports
293	PROC	Dec 2000	Leadership starts $.20-$.35 per barrel OFF oil surcharge; by 2002 drops to $.15 per barrel
294	NUC	March 2001	IAEC President asks Saddam to gather former IAEC scientists and researchers at Tuwaitha - Saddam says no
295	POL	April 2001	Major Iranian missile attack on Mujaheddin el-Khalq (MEK) facilities in Iraq
296	DS	Early 2001	L-29 RPV crash on final attempted unmanned flight
297	NUC	20-May-01	Iraqi embassy in Nairobi reports rejecting an opportunity to buy uranium
298	PROC	June 2001	Central Bank of Iraq (CBI) begins to get cash/gold from OFF kickbacks via courier
299	DS	June 2001	Huwaysh approves the Al Samud II program
300	POL	2001	MIC Director orders reconstruction of items destroyed by UNSCOM
301	POL	2001	Saddam asks Huwaysh if he had developed BW and is told no
302	POL	2001	Intensified Iraqi intel focus on Iranian nuclear program
303	OTHER/NUC	2001	Al Tahadi Company signs magnet production line contract with Belarusian company
304	PROC	2001	Regime procurement with Belarus, Bulgaria, France, FRY, India, Jordan, North Korea, PRC, South Korea, Syria, Russia and Ukraine leads to further sanctions erosion
305	POL	2001	NMD deputy requests scientists to turn in any documents they may have at home
306	OTHER/NUC	2001	IAEC establishes Technical Research Branch under Physics Department to support rail gun research
307	POL	mid 2001	Aluminum tubes destined for Iraq captured in Jordan
308	DS	24-Aug-01	First successful launch of Al Samud II
309	PROC	01-Sep-01	MIC founds a 3rd front company: Al Mufakhir Export Co
310	POL	11-Sep-01	9/11 terrorist attacks on New York and Washington
311	POL	12-Sep-01	Iraq misinterprets US reaction to events of 9/11; adopts ill-conceived diplomatic position
312	OTHER/NUC	Late 2001	IAEC Modernization Project begins and initiates purchase of CNC machines
313	POL	Oct-Nov 2001	Enduring Freedom defeats the Taliban in Afghanistan
314	DS	Dec 2001	Iraq begins serial production of the Al Samud II
315	POL	Late 2001	Around this time, Iraqi scientists tell Regime leaders they cannot produce WMD
316	OTHER/NUC	January 2002	Saddam issues order for IAEC and MIC to implement cooperative projects in physics, machining, electronics
317	PROC	January 2002	Saddam directs the MIC to assist the IAEC with foreign procurement
318	PROC	26-28 January 2002	Tariq ‘Aziz visits Moscow and Beijing to bolster international support for lifting UNSC sanctions
319	POL	29-Jan-02	Bush refers to ‘Axis of Evil’ in State of the Union address
320	NUC	12-Feb-02	Saddam declares “We will not return to it” with reference to nuclear weapons
321	POL	13-Feb-02	Iraq says inspectors will not be allowed to return
322	PROC	March 2002	MIC front company ARMOS authorized to trade outside of Russia
323	POL	21-Mar-02	Russia blocks UNSC attempt to tighten-up OFF, reduce violations
324	POL	March/April 2002	Iraq & UN hold new inspection talks in NY
325	DS	01-Jun-02	Jinin cruise missile project initiated (1000km range; 500kg payload)
326	DS	2002	Ibn Firnas recommends MIC cancel L-29 RPV program
327	POL	July 2002	Iraq & UN hold more inspection talks in Vienna
328	OTHER/NUC	Mid 2002	MIC Rotating Machinery Department (RMD) formed; machine tools ordered, including a balancing machine
329	OTHER/NUC	05-Jul-02	Copper vapor laser demonstrated to Huwaysh; put into storage
330	PROC	2002	Regime procurement with Belarus, France, FRY, India, Jordan, PRC, Russia, Syria and Ukraine leads to further sanctions erosion
331	POL/PROC	2002	Iraq and Russia negotiate $40B oil development deal to be undertaken once sanctions are lifted
332	OTHER/NUC	2002	MIC sponsors 3200 research projects in Iraqi universities (up from 40 in 1997)
333	OTHER/NUC	2002	MIC builds explosive test facility capable of researching shaped charges
334	POL	Mid 2002	Iraq begins production of 81mm aluminum tubes for rockets
335	DS	Sept 2002	CAD designs for a launcher accommodating missiles up to 1m in diameter; 9m in length
336	POL	Sept 2002	Higher Committee, once controlled by Tariq ‘Aziz, is reconstituted to deal with inspections, headed by Taha Ramadan
337	CW	Sep 02	Over 900,000 nerve agent antidote autoinjectors had been purchased
338	POL	12-Sep-02	Bush calls Iraq ‘Grave and gathering danger’ in UN General Assembly (UNGA) speech
339	POL	16-Sep-02	Iraq agrees to readmit inspectors
340	POL	18-Sep-02	Publication of UK Iraq WMD dossier
341	POL	Nov 2002	MIC scientists meet and are told that Iraq has no WMD, and they must not hide anything from inspectors
342	DS	Nov 2002	Jinin and other covert delivery system programs suspended due to return of inspectors
343	POL	08-Nov-02	UNSCR 1441 finds Iraq in material breach, calls for disarmament and FFCD
344	POL	08-Nov-02	Russia refuses to veto UNSCR 1441
345	POL	27-Nov-02	UNMOVIC inspections begin
346	POL	Dec 2002	Saddam tells his Generals he does not have WMD
347	POL	Dec 2002	Saddam tells military leaders/senior leaders to “cooperate completely” with inspectors
348	POL/DS	Dec 2002	UNMOVIC freezes the Al Samud II and Al Fat’h flight tests upon further analysis of system’s range capbility
349	OTHER/NUC	Dec 2002	Details of IAEC dual-use CNC machine purchases provided to UN/IAEA
350	POL	End of 2002	Iraq successfully flight tests 81mm rockets with indigenously produced aluminum tubes
351	POL	Late 2002	Iraq again attempts foreign purchase of 81mm tubes
352	POL	Dec 2002	NMD publishes the Currently Accurate Full, and Complete Declaration
353	CW	Jan 2003	Two teams from IAEC and Al Majid Company develop multipurpose controllers for process plant
354	PROC	Jan 2003	MIC annual budget at $500M
355	POL	Jan-2003	UNMOVIC finds 12 empty 122mm CW rocket warheads
356	POL	Jan 2003	Iraqi MoD conference on Iranian WMD
357	POL	20-Jan-03	Husam Amin tells military leaders to cooperate with inspectors, repeating Saddam’s earlier directives
358	POL	20-Jan-03	The MIC directs all Directors General of state companies to relinquish any WMD to the NMD
359	POL	25-Jan-03	The NMD director meets with Republican Guard (RG) leaders and advises they sign documents stating no WMD in RG units
360	CW	Feb 2003	Inspection of Al Nu’man factory reveals cluster bomb that management claimed from Al Muthanna
361	POL	Feb 2003	According to senior Iraqi Minister of Foreign Affairs, Saddam has decided to use CW against US troops in the event of war
362	CW	Feb-2003	Iraq recommends excavating R-400 bomb fragments at Al ‘Aziziyah
363	NUC	February 2003	DG of NMD still trying to satisfy IAEA concern over missing explosive lens mold drawings
364	POL	05-Feb-03	US SecState Powell presents evidence of Iraqi WMD programs to UNSC
365	POL	14-Feb-03	Saddam issues directive banning private companies and individuals from importing WMD materials or producing WMD
366	POL	28-Feb-03	Russia threatens veto of UNSCR authorizing war on Iraq
367	CW	March 2003	New construction scheduled for MIM plant to provide indigenous multi-purpose production facility, halted due to OIF
368	PROC	Mar 2003	MIC has $186M in contracts with Syria (SES Company)
369	DS	1-17 Mar 2003	UNMOVIC bans Samud II and supervises destruction of missiles
370	PROC	Early 2003	Regime procurement with Belarus, Bulgaria, France, India, Jordan, PRC, Russia, Syria, and Ukraine leads to further sanctions erosion
371	PROC	01-Mar-03	MIC has accumulated $300M+ in reserves
372	PROC	Early March	Saddam forms a funds distribution committee consisting of Minister of Finance, President of the Diwan, Presidential Secretary, and Qusay Husayn
373	POL	06-Mar-03	UNMOVIC publishes report - Unresolved Disarmament Issues (Clusters)
374	POL	10-Mar-03	France threatens veto of UN resolution authorizing war; later opposes OIF
375	POL	18-Mar-03	UNMOVIC and IAEA depart Iraq
376	POL	19-Mar-03	Initiation of hostilities
377	POL	Late March 2003	Saddam implies to military leaders that he has secret weapon