November 12, 1997
U.S.-CHINA RELATIONS: WHAT NOW FOR TAIWAN, GLOBAL BALANCE OF POWER?
Commentators overseas continued to weigh in with their postmortems of Chinese President Jiang Zemin's recently concluded U.S. tour. The overwhelming majority contended that the "historic" summit between Presidents Clinton and Jiang had "created a sense that engaging Beijing does produce benefits," not only for the U.S., but also for regional and global stability and economic growth in East Asia. As analysts looked toward the future, however, many questioned how long the "shared interests" of the two superpowers would serve to unite them. A number of writers predicted problems ahead--most mentioned the Taiwan issue as a potential "firecracker"--and agreed with Bangkok's mass-circulation Daily News that "whenever China's might approaches that of the U.S., then things will start to get dangerous." Editors in a number of countries viewed Mr. Jiang's visit to the U.S., and that of Russian President Boris Yeltsin to China this week and Japan's Prime Minister Hashimoto to Moscow in early November, as indicative of shifting global alliances. Many of these writers urged their governments to take action so as not to be excluded from the emerging power relationships they saw forming. On the human rights front, some editors continued to chide the U.S.--and Harvard University, where President Jiang delivered a major speech--for "hosting" Mr. Jiang. New Delhi's centrist Hindu, for example, pointed out that "even if China did not give the U.S. any satisfaction on human rights...the enthusiasm of the top businessmen...for him had to be seen to be believed."
THE TAIWAN ISSUE--A number of observers in East and South Asia expressed the hope that the U.S. and China would avoid friction in the future over the "unpredictable" question of Taiwan. The media in Taipei was split as to how to proceed with China in the wake of the Clinton-Jiang summit. Papers from opposing political slants, the pro-unification China News and the pro-independence Commons Daily, judged, for example, that it was time begin political negotiations with Beijing. In order to "tame the beast [China]," declared the China News, Taiwan "must engage China, just as the U.S. is doing." Others discussed the pros and cons of pursuing "parallel" tracks with the U.S. and with China, or whether a "triangular" approach with the two powers should take precedence. The centrist, pro-status quo China Times argued that Taiwan should take advantage of "eased cross-Straits ties...to develop the two Washington-Beijing and Washington-Taipei parallel relationships." The pro-unification United Daily News, however, insisted: "The 'triangular' [Beijing-Washington-Taipei] relationship is...the only way for Taiwan to pursue its own interests."
SHIFTING GLOBAL ALLIANCES--Editors in Asia viewed the "successful" Clinton-Jiang summit as boding well for multilateral regional security arrangements, such as the ASEAN Regional Forum. Editorial comment from Italy, Hungary, and Poland characterized the post-Cold War world order as one that is defined not by "zones of influence" but "zones of interest." An Italian pundit perceived a new "triangle" forming--involving the U.S., China and Russia--and fretted that Europe "does not have enough weight" to turn "the triangle into a square."
This survey is based on 75 reports from 34 countries, October 31 - November 11.
EDITOR: Kathleen J. Brahney
EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC
CHINA: "Beijing, Washington, Moscow--New Relations Among Big Powers"
Lu Jin and Lu Yunfei wrote for official Beijing Municipal Beijing Daily (Beijing Ribao, 11/10): "The recent visits between China and the two world powers, the United States and Russia, indicate that the relationships continue to improve and expand. Another message sent by the visits is that China, the United States and Russia are striving to re-establish relations with each other. Their shared strategic interests, sustaining the development of world peace, and their own economy is the motive in coordinating the relationships.... Through Jiang's successful visit, the Sino-U.S. relationship has progressed substantially in political, economic and trade areas. Experts point out that China and the United States, and China and Russia share many conspicuous characteristics. These...(are): a common desire for mutual understanding in the 21st-century...cooperative engagement in economics, trade, and science, and seeking common ground while maintaining small differences."
"Dialogue Mechanism Cuts Misunderstanding"
Yan Xuetong observed in official, English-language China Daily (11/8): "The Sino-U.S. summit in Washington laid solid groundwork for forging stable Sino-U.S. bilateral ties. Little progress was made during the summit in narrowing the two countries' differences over the human rights issue. Despite the agreement by China and the United States to conduct dialogue on human rights at both official and unofficial levels, the issue will continue to hamper bilateral ties for a long period."
"Strengthening Management Of Sino-U.S. Relations"
Professor Zhu Minquan, deputy director of the Center for American Studies, Fudan University, said in Shanghai Municipal Government Propaganda Department-controlled Wenhui Bao (11/5), "One of great achievements of President Jiang Zemin's state visit to the United States is the establishment of a mechanism for high-level dialogue and consultation between China and the United States against a background of a strategic orientation for Sino-U.S. relations in the...21st century.... The establishment of such a channel will not only materially reduce the incidence of friction and disputes between China and the United States, but will also create conditions for the timely and appropriate settlement of differences once they have appeared. At the same time, it will limit and reduce the impact of these differences on the overall Sino-U.S. relationship so as to ensure the stability of Sino-U.S. relations as well as to promote the stability of the Asia-Pacific region and the entire world."
"New Chapter In History Of Sino-U.S. Relationship"
Liu Jiang and Li Hongqi wrote in intellectually-oriented Guangming Daily (Guangming Ribao, 11/4): "The historic visit signals a Sino-U.S. relationship that has entered a new stage.... The most significant achievement is that the two nations are focusing on the future and have reached a consensus in terms of developing future bilateral relations. Through comprehensive communication and engagement, mutual understanding between the two peoples has been enhanced."
"New Chapter In Sino-U.S. Ties"
The words of Li Zheng Xin and Wong Xiang were carried in official Chinese Youth Party China Youth Daily (Zhongguo Qingnianbao, 11/4): "After years of debate, Americans have finally reached a consensus on the issue of 'constructive engagement' with China in the future. In the future, the minority of ultra American conservatives and extreme liberals will continue to disturb the bilateral bond. While bent on improving the ties with China, President Clinton will also be restrained by these special interest groups.
"Despite this, the developing Sino-U.S. relationship will not be changed by any negative American or international forces."
"Pushing Forward Economic And Trade Cooperation"
State Council Economic Daily (Jingji Ribao) ran this observation (11/4) by Hu Houfa, Yan Hengyuan and Zhang Zhinian: "The strong desire of American industrial and business interests to develop bilateral ties, economic and trade ties in particular, has deeply impressed us.... The two countries...should devote more effort to further promote economic and trade cooperation, thus benefitting the people of both nations."
HONG KONG: "China Bashing"
The independent, English-language South China Morning Post insisted (11/8): "The succession of anti-China bills passed by the U.S. House of Representatives yesterday stand virtually no chance of becoming law. They are unlikely to be approved by the Senate and, if they are, will almost certainly be vetoed by President Clinton.... As Republicans jockey for position ahead of the next presidential election, there is a real danger they will use the China issue to bash the administration.... If Mr. Clinton wants to be remembered for building better ties across the Pacific, he should stand firm against their rhetoric."
"New Sino-U.S.-Russian Interactive Relations"
According to an editorial in independent Ming Pao Daily News (11/10): "It is believed that Beijing will attach more importance to the partnership with Moscow [than with the U.S.] The so-called Sino-U.S. strategic partnership is only an illusion, pursued by Beijing, which wants to be on an equal footing with the world's number-one nation. In comparison, the interests of Beijing and Russia seem to coincide more.... Nevertheless, there are also difficulties if Beijing really wants to further develop its relations with Russia, since they have to talk about their real interests.... The only thing (Mr. Yeltsin) wanted was money."
"Huge Benefits From Jiang Trip"
The independent, English-language Hong Kong Standard's editorial maintained (11/5), "Nothing better illustrates the American media's ignorance about China and the Chinese people than their current outcry against arrangements made by the State Department for President Jiang Zemin to pose for photographs with the Liberty Bell and other symbols of the American heritage.... The American media, ceaselessly campaigning for change in China, are unable to grasp the idea that, to influence the leaders in Beijing, the United States must first establish good relations with China. This is not wishful thinking. In the years since Mao Tse-tung those American ideas, views and values considered beneficial to China have been allowed to 'infiltrate' the country when Sino-U.S. relations have been good. When relations have soured, the gates have slammed shut on all things Western, regardless of their intrinsic worth."
"Jiang's Successful U.S. Visit"
An editorial in independent Sing Tao Daily News held (11/5), "All in all, Chinese President Jiang Zemin's U.S. visit was successful and smooth. Despite the fact that demonstrations and questions followed Jiang wherever he went, he did his best to face matters and resolve them. None of the demonstrations affected Jiang's itinerary or the atmosphere of the visit. It was different from the Chinese leader [Premier Li Peng] who visited Europe last year, who had to leave by the back door and cancel his itinerary. This point alone shows that the Chinese leadership has made great progress on this trip."
"Jiang's Successful Image Building"
The independent Hong Kong Economic Times pointed out in an editorial (11/4): "One visit, of course, cannot change the negative impression the United States has of China and Chinese leaders. It can at least be considered an essential step. If things continue to go down this path, [we can be] optimistic about the future."
"Taking The Sting Out Of Freedom Of Speech"
According to the independent Ming Pao Daily News (11/4): "We believe that the different voices which emerged during this eight-day visit were enough to let Jiang Zemin understand that freedom of speech is nothing horrible. It is also not terrible for a state leader to be criticized and questioned. Allowing these voices to speak freely will not curb the high-speed development of a country's economy and technology. It is, on the contrary, very helpful. U.S. President Clinton claimed that he had encountered much more criticism and demonstrations than Jiang Zemin did without it weakening his status. We hope that these experiences will be conducive to the Chinese authorities taking more open and forgiving actions."
"Each Takes What He Needs From 'June 4' Comment"
In editorial comment, centrist Express News maintained (11/4): "After Jiang Zemin admitted that the work of the government might have some shortcomings and that it might even have made some mistakes, Foreign Minister Qian Qichen gave some explanations. He said that Jiang's speech at Harvard University did not refer to 'June 4' (Tiananmen), but was just a general statement about the work of the government. This explanation means that the Chinese government has reached a final conclusion about the 'June 4' incident, and it will not change.... Qian Qichen's interpretation is necessary for Beijing. So people with different opinions about 'June 4' may take what they want, either from Jiang Zemin's...comment or from Qian Qichen's interpretation. If 'June 4' is someday redressed, there is no doubt that Jiang Zemin's speech at Harvard University will be taken as what started it."
"Qian Qichen's Clarification"
A Sing Pao Daily News editorial noted (11/4): "Beijing's official adjective for 'June 4' has changed from 'anti-government rebellion' to 'political disturbance'. This subtle change is worth pondering. A more 'neutral' and moderate adjective lets one think that the top level in Beijing wants to take it lightly and let it fade from people's memory. It also wants the people to adopt a positive attitude about the future."
TAIWAN: "A Question Of Balance"
The conservative, pro-unification, English-language China News, in comment by Richard R. Vuylsteke, senior editor of The Free China Review, wondered (11/2) "Is Taiwan being shoved to the margin in the triangular relationship?... Not surprisingly, local post-summit assessments have focused on the need to strengthen Taiwan's business attractiveness, improve cross-Straits relations, and continue countering Beijing's attempts to isolate the island internationally.... The best way to guarantee U.S. support in the future is for the government and people of Taiwan to strengthen their democratic institutions and their commitment to a free society."
"Post-Summit Strategies"
The centrist, pro-status quo China Times asked (10/31): "To develop parallel relationships [Washington-Beijing and Washington-Taipei], we...must first stabilize cross-Straits ties.
"If cross-Straits ties deteriorate, and Beijing continues to improve ties with Washington, it would be questionable whether the parallel relationship between Taipei and Washington could ever continue.... Taiwan's priority tasks are: First, to strengthen the substantial relationship with Washington via all channels and contacts.... Second, we should improve our ties with Beijing now, when (Beijing) is full of confidence and not ready to fight. We should take advantage of the eased cross-Straits ties now to develop the two Washington-Beijing and Washington-Taipei parallel relationships."
"Time To Talk Realpolitik On China"
Managing editor Anthony Lawrance argued in the conservative, pro-unification China News (10/31): "If [the Taipei government] hopes to tame the beast [China], it must engage China, just as the United States is doing. But the longer it waits, the longer China has to cast its spell on international television audiences. Once the preliminaries are over, once the niceties have been dispensed with and it comes time to address the 'Big Question of Sovereignty,' Taiwan cannot afford to be in a position of weakness. But most importantly, the government must realize that it cannot afford to rely on its friends. It has been let down so many times in the past, why should now be any different?"
"U.S. Will Certainly Force Taipei To Negotiate With Beijing"
Sun Yang-ming opined in the conservative, pro-unification United Daily News (11/3): "In the past, the Unied States used the Taiwan card to curb Communist China [in order to achieve] Asia-Pacific stability. However, now (the United States) has [revised its position] to include Communist China in the security framework for Asia-Pacific and global stability. Under this framework, the United States will certainly force Taipei to negotiate with Beijing."
"Now Is The Right Time To Start Political Negotiations With Beijing"
An editorial in the liberal, pro-independence Commons Daily judged (11/3): "In the wake of the Clinton-Jiang meeting...it is very unlikely that China will use military force...(and) pressure for China to abide by international rules will get stronger. Therefore, we should take this opportunity to start political negotiations with China! Though it is 'more difficult to seek peace than to go to war,' we still should make efforts in this direction as our domestic and international situation keep changing."
"Clinton Still Does Not Know Taiwan Very Well"
Under the above headline, the liberal, pro-independence Taiwan Daily insisted (10/31): "Clinton yesterday encouraged the two sides (China and Taiwan) to conduct high-level dialogues.... This subtle change of position toward Taiwan puts the blame on Taiwan for the current stalemate of Taiwan-China relations.... The problem does not lie in Taiwan's refusal to have a dialogue, but in the Chinese government's insistence on the outdated concept of sovereignty. Taiwan should make clear to the United States that it is Beijing rather than Taiwan that should be held responsible for the deadlock of bilateral relations."
"Watch Out For Clinton's Remarks On One China Policy And Taiwan"
Commenting on President Clinton's 10/24 China policy speech, the conservative, pro-unification United Daily News told its readers (10/30): "As far as Taiwan's interests are concerned, the 'triangular' [Beijing-Washington-Taipei] relationship is not only a reality that cannot be eliminated, it is also the only way for Taiwan to pursue its own interests. Developing so-called 'parallel lines' (Washington-Beijing and Washington-Taipei) may mean that Washington will only care about its relationship with Beijing--excluding Taiwan.... Taipei's goal should be to prevent itself from being excluded from the 'triangle' and endeavor to maintain the equality and stability of the 'triangle' in order to keep it from being slanted or distorted....
"Taiwan should contemplate how it can work as a 'bridge' for the international community to lead Beijing to move toward democracy and greater openness."
SOUTH KOREA: "Four Nations' Diplomatic Strategies And Korean Peninsula"
According to conservative Segye Ilbo (11/6), "The United States is continuing to strengthen its stance as the only superpower by alternately 'pulling' and 'pushing' Japan, China and Russia. China, with its improved relationship with the United States, is making smooth progress on issues like the economy and Taiwan.... Japan also is doing all it can to prepare itself for the new century through practical diplomacy with the United States, China and Russia.... We wonder what Korea's diplomatic goals are, and in which direction we are moving. All the presidential candidates are busy vilifying one another at a time when Korea should be paying attention to building a strong base for reunification of the peninsula."
"U.S., China Compete For Hegemony"
Conservative Segye Ilbo held (11/4): "The summit demonstrated that the United States and China will be the predominate world powers during the first quarter of the next century.... Korea should maintain its current military cooperation with the United States while building a security cooperation system with China as well. It will be in Korea's interest to construct a strong security cooperation system with China."
INDONESIA: "U.S., China Opt For Stable Ties"
The leading, independent Jakarta Post, in op-ed commentary by Rizal Sukma, held (11/7): "It is hoped that the fresh commitment from Washington and Beijing to improve their relationship will also contribute significantly to an improvement of relations between Beijing and Tokyo. The strategic partnership between China and the United States will also contribute positively to the ongoing regional efforts to create a more predictable regional order in the Asia-Pacific region. The current multilateral security process initiated by the ASEAN Regional Forum, for instance, would benefit greatly from stable U.S.-Sino relations.... What is important is that both Washington and Beijing agreed not to let differences--such as the questions of Taiwan and human rights--inhibit greater opportunities for cooperation."
"China Admits Tiananmen An Error?"
Ruling Golkar party's Suara Karya held (11/4): "President Jiang caused a stir on the last day of his U.S. visit when he indirectly referred to the Tiananmen massacre as an error.... If he was sincere, he should release pro-democracy activists such as Wang Dan and others who were at Tiananmen. Next, he should take a stand against Prime Minister Li Peng, who was directly involved in the massacre. Indeed, Jiang has taken some positive steps, including inviting three religious leaders to visit China to observe the human rights situation firsthand. If Jiang continues to display this sort of courage, he will deserve to be called a great man of China after Mao and Deng."
PHILIPPINES: "Border Pact Good For World Peace"
Columnist Ricardo Malay wrote in the independent Manila Chronicle (11/12): "Visiting Russian President Boris Yeltsin and his Chinese counterpart, Jiang Zemin, signed a declaration in Beijing laying to rest wrangles over their 4,300-km. frontier. It is ironic that the two former bastions of socialism have begun an earnest process of reconciliation only after turning their backs on the ideology that catapulted them to nationhood and leadership in the revolutionary world.... Marxism was supposed to cement in place a community of nations bound together by proletarian internationalism.... The border agreement signed in Beijing frees the energies of the two countries to concentrate on the task of building their economies, rather than on military concerns. To the world at large, that is a welcome development."
"Jiang's Accomplishments"
J.A. de la Cruz wrote in his column in independent Malaya (11/8): "Everybody but the most virulent anti-China critic is agreed that the U.S. trip of Chinese President Jiang Zemin was a success.... There is no question that Jiang's trip lifted the curtain of bias and prejudice which has characterized the Western attitude towards the Middle Kingdom."
"Shame On Harvard"
Liberal Today declared (11/4): "Chinese President Jiang Zemin did not admit to anything at Harvard University. He did not acknowledge having made any particular mistakes. He made the vacuous admission that everybody makes mistakes, and may have implied--but did not say outright--the party might have erred.... What to do, then, with Oriental thugs? The Cambridge demonstrators who denounced Harvard for hosting Jiang were right. It was wrong of Harvard to dignify this thug with a speaking occasion.... If a brutal dictatorship like the Chinese must at least be talked to respectfully, it need not be flattered. And by no means should it be dignified with a speaking engagement at Harvard, America's most distinguished placed of learning."
"Revitalizing Sino-American Relations"
Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chair Blas Ople wrote in the leading, conservative Manila Bulletin (11/4): "Both ASEAN and Japan, which share common values and interests, ought not to be frozen into (an)...acceptance of a downgraded priority for ASEAN in the wake of the new U.S.-China rapprochement.... Southeast Asia has a claim to equal attention and respect from the U.S. president. The diplomatic spadework must be done to get Clinton to visit Manila or Jakarta on his way to Beijing."
SINGAPORE: "New Impetus For U.S.' China Policy?"
The pro-government Business Times judged (11/5): "Chinese President Jiang Zemin's just-concluded visit to the United States may have produced colorful television images and catchy newsbites but there were no diplomatic breakthroughs in Sino-American relations. Despite the noises made by the China-bashers, Mr. Jiang's visit did provide new momentum to Mr. Clinton's policy towards China by creating a sense that engaging Beijing does produce benefits to U.S. interests. Mr. Clinton should now build on the success of the trip and mobilize wider support for his China policy. The debate between the two camps in Washington will surely continue. The outcome, aside from determining the direction of Sino-American relationship, could also ultimately also affect economic growth in East Asia."
THAILAND: "The Future Of U.S.-China Relations"
Trairat Soontornprapat commented in mass-circulation Daily News (11/8): "It remains to be seen how long and peacefully these two giants will be able to share their mutual interests.... So long as China inches slowly toward becoming a superpower, conflicts of interest will be minimal and so will the hostility. But whenever China's might approaches that of the United States, then things will start to get dangerous."
"China's Jiang Consolidates His Position"
The independent, English-language Nation editorialized (11/2), "Despite major differences between Chinese President Jiang Zemin and U.S. President Bill Clinton on human rights and freedom of religion, Jiang's trip to the United States represents a triumph for the world's most populous nation in its effort to integrate with the rest of the world and a step towards international acceptance of his leadership....
"To be fair, the visit also benefitted Clinton, who has made engagement with China a key goal of his second term. Despite their differences over human rights, Clinton underscored the importance of U.S. engagement with the Chinese."
VIETNAM: "U.S.-China relations"
Vietnamese army newspaper Quan Doi Nhan Dan, published by the Communist Party Central Committee's Military Commission and the National Defense Ministry, remarked (11/3): "Although the bilateral agreements the United States and China have achieved are considerable, the dossier of their relationship is packed with many difficult issues, the most sensitive of which remain human rights and democracy. Washington has not yet given up its preachy attitude about 'human rights.'... The way the United States plays its `human rights' card with China as well as a number of other countries shows this is not a transient policy, but a long-term one.... It is not yet possible to say definitively that the Sino-American relationship has become truly stable.... The underlying cause of this 'sometimes hot, sometimes cold' relationship is that the two superpowers are pursuing different strategic ends by very different means."
SOUTH ASIA
INDIA: "When Jiang And His Money Spoke"
Inder Malhotra, columnist for the centrist Hindu, wrote (11/9): "If China did not give the United States any satisfaction on human rights, it seems to have received some assurances from America about Taiwan.... Chinese money talks loudly. During Mr. Jiang's visit, the enthusiasm of the top businessmen of the U.S. for him had to be seen to be believed."
"Eagle Eye, Dragon Fire"
Calcutta's centrist Telegraph ran this assessment by assistant editor Pramit Pal Chaudhuri (11/7): "Some are calling last week's meeting between Jiang Zemin and Bill Clinton the millennium summit. It wasn't really. The summit was more show than stuff. But no one questions that this bilateral linkage will have more influence on the way the world fares in the next century than any other.... The big crease on the foreheads of the two countries is the fear of some real fireworks between them. And the largest cracker of all is Taiwan.... In other words, the peace of East Asia is balanced precariously on the edge of something as unpredictable and obscure as Taiwanese nationalism."
"A Major Gain For Washington"
An analysis in the centrist Pioneer by foreign editor V. Sudarshan pointed out (11/6): "Perhaps the most important development in terms of the security alliance in Asia-Pacific is the Chinese decision to abide by the guidelines laid down by the nuclear suppliers group. There is an element of constructive engagement here that is worth observing for implications this may have for India.... By engaging China on this aspect over more than a decade, the United States has now been able to draw China into a system that introduces a new element of accountability into Chinese nuclear postures. This is a major gain for Washington."
"Yankee Noodle"
Calcutta's centrist Telegraph stressed (11/1): "In terms of substance, the [Clinton-Jiang] meeting...fell short of expectations.... The most glaring difference between the two--one that brought them to the brink of military confrontation last year--is the question of Taiwan. A conflict over the independent status of this island state could plunge all of East Asia into war. Both sides avoided addressing this during the summit....
"But India has every reason to support the dialogue between the Pacific's two great powers.... Until Beijing believes it gets the sort of global status and security it wants, it will pursue policies that help breed instability. Selling missiles to Pakistan is just one such means.... If the present summit is not followed by other meetings, and if these do not generate an understanding of sorts between the two countries, South Asia and the world in general will be that much more unsafe a place."
"Friendship In Lieu Of Hostility"
An editorial in Calcutta's independent, centrist Ananda Bazar Patrika stressed (11/1): "(The Clinton-Jiang summit) proves once again that in international relations there is no permanent enemy or friend, there are only permanent interests.... One may ask which of the two countries will gain more out of this exchange. Apparently both will gain equally."
PAKISTAN: "A Boost To Sino-American Relations"
The Karachi-based, independent, national Dawn held (11/1): "The foundation of a constructive strategic partnership (with China) President Clinton has been talking about has been laid. Although the Chinese leader has made no major concessions, he has managed to persuade his host to lift the ban on the sale of nuclear technology to China.... Leaving aside the shaded areas of a fuller relationship, (this) change in the tone and quality of relations between Beijing and Washington will have a significant impact on world politics."
"What Promises Did China Make To U.S.?"
This editorial note ran in second largest, Urdu-language Nawa-e-Waqt (11/2): "According to the American media, the Chinese President Jiang Zemin has promised that China will not extend nuclear assistance to an unstable area. China has acknowledged Iran as one such country, but has not specifically identified any other country in the Muslim world, such as Pakistan.... While it is not expected that China will abandon its longtime friends for a country that has always been its enemy...if the United States really made headway on these points, it must be viewed as a major U.S. achievement.... Of course, it is always possible that all this is just a U.S. media gimmick, because media in the United States is manipulated by Jews who could never stomach Muslim countries--such as Iran and Pakistan--acquiring nuclear knowhow. We await the Chinese clarification on these news reports."
BANGLADESH: "New Era In Sino-U.S. Relations"
In the view of the independent, English-language Daily Star (11/1): "The United States of America and the People's Republic of China, two giants in the residual multipolar global matrix of power following the breakup of the Soviet Union, have come close to each other in a historic renewal of contact occasioned by the visit of Chinese President Jiang Zemin to Washington.... Whether or not the latest bonhomie has rewritten the history of Sino-U.S. ties, one has to wait and watch. The best way to ensure this, though, would be to have improved people-to-people contacts on a sustained basis. Meanwhile, the hardened inimical countries may do well to take a cue from the new cooperative spirit shown by the United States and China, what with their baggage of historical differences."
NEPAL: "New Directions In U.S.-China Relations"
Independent Kantipur put forth this editorial view (11/9): "It would not be an exaggeration to say that after Jiang's U.S. visit, a new dimension has been added to U.S.-China relations... Both are conscious of each other's interests; both understand each others' circumstances, thinking and capacity.... Direct talks and interactions between leaders can make it easy to control situations that could lead to misunderstandings."
"New Hope"
Pro-left Arpan declared (10/31): "President Jiang Zemin's visit to the United States to renew bilateral relations has raised new hope for the world.... Both sides are trying to come closer together and reach an understanding by forgetting the bitter experiences of the past."
SRI LANKA: "China's Triumph"
Newton Seneviratne pointed out in a commentary in Sinhala-language, independent Ravaya (11/9): "The Chinese president visit to the United States is a triumph for China from (China's) point of view.... Though the United States had great differences with China on human rights, Taiwan and Tibet, it has seen the economic potential of China and embraced it with greed."
"U.S. Watches China"
Sinhala-language, independent Sunday Lankadeepa ran this observation (11/9) by Mohan Samaranayake: "The United States believes that China will replace the position held by the Soviet Union (and) will monitor the internal conflicts within China with great interest.... The Communist Party in China, which will decide its destiny, could also decide for Asia."
EUROPE
BRITAIN: "U.S. Tour Polishes Jiang's Sullied Image"
The conservative Times noted in a report from Beijing (11/5): "A beaming President Jiang Zemin flew back to Beijing from a controversial visit to the United States yesterday, having apparently achieved his aim of boosting his image as a world statesman while giving away little on vital issues.... Diplomats say the president, with the advantages of the trip to the United States, and a new and better personal relationship with President Clinton, has built on earlier gains he made this year after taking over the helm on the death of Deng Xiaoping."
GERMANY: "Jiang's Slippery Empty Phrases"
Centrist Sueddeutsche Zeitung of Munich carried this editorial (11/4): "Did the Chinese president, for the first time, admit of having made 'mistakes' when the democracy movement was crushed in 1989? No, he did not.... Jiang...in general, conceded to having made 'mistakes in his work'--in the best tradition of Confucian and Maoist self-criticism.... But the incident reveals one thing: Tiananmen is still haunting the Chinese leaders. Until they have not made a clean sweep of it, they will never enjoy the respect in the world of which they are dreaming."
"PR Attempts Fizzle"
Johnny Erling noted in an editorial in right-of-center Die Welt of Berlin (11/4): "China's media presented the Chinese a manipulated view of the state visit. The Chinese public did not learn anything about protests and disputes about human rights. The media did not even show pictures of Jiang's relaxed attitude. This turned out to be a well-trained exercise in public relations, whose purpose it was to capture American hearts. But...Jiang's efforts were in vain, because he had nothing really new to report."
ITALY: "U.S.-Russia-China Triangle Leaves Europe On The Margins"
Franco Venturini penned this commentary for leading, centrist Corriere della Sera (11/5): "The triangle game, inaugurated by Nixon 25 years ago...is once again fashionable and could be with us into the next century....
"Clinton's United States and Zemin's China have discovered the full extent of their common interests. Russia is responding by opening toward Japan, and using Tokyo as a way to remain hooked to the American-Chinese wagon. Deja vu? Not exactly. Compared to the time of confrontation between blocs, the new element is the enormous stakes and the fluidity of the global economy.... This triangle is much more complex (and, fortunately, less conflictual).... Europe is striving to transform the triangle into a square, but (Europe) does not yet have the political weight needed to be part of the game."
BELGIUM: "Clinton-Jiang Summit--U.S. Congress' Revenge"
Washington correspondent Yves Laudy reported in conservative Catholic La Libre Belgique (11/10): "China's President Jiang Zemin had hardly returned to Beijing after his summit with Bill Clinton when the House of Representatives began to vote on a number of bills expressing its reprobation toward China.... Mr. Jiang did not help by comparing China's presence in Tibet to the liberation of slaves in the United States."
"Red Carpet For Jiang Upon Return Home"
Independent Catholic De Standaard observed (11/5): "China's authorities termed (President Jiang's) trip 'a great success.'... (But) Jiang's visit has not yielded any genuine solutions. Human rights, Taiwan's status and trade remain points of friction between both nations. But, Jiang obtained what he wanted for internal use: treatment as a world leader."
CANADA: "The Dragon Sheathes Its Claws"
Montreal's liberal, French-language Le Devoir said (11/4): "Chinese President Jiang Zemin will have effectively borrowed from our politicians the technique of mixed messages and a constant smile.... It is around the thorny theme of human rights that Jiang obviously did the better dance.... If he suddenly gave signs of remorse concerning Tiananmen, it is because doing so has the double merit of not carrying any real political cost in the short term while allowing him to pour a semblance of balm on American public opinion.... Muzzled by the obligation to promote American financial interests, Mr. Clinton has found himself against his will in the role of a promoter."
"Nuclear Worries"
World affairs columnist Stephen Handelman wrote in the liberal Toronto Star (11/2): "North America's failing nuclear power industry is about to be reproduced in China. Of all the (meagre) results from last week's U.S.-China summit, this is likely to be the most far reaching--and troubling. It's troubling whether you are for or against nuclear power, because hardly any real thought, not to mention any decent cost-benefit analyses, appears to have gone into the nuclear rush to the East. The only motivating factor, at least from the Western end, is money. Lots of it.... The way seems clear for the United States to enter what is now shaping up as an epic struggle for a piece of the 21st-century's biggest energy market. And that's where the problems begin."
HUNGARY: "Clinton And Jiang"
Second-largest Nepszava ran this op-ed piece (11/10): "China, for the first time in its history, signed an international document on human rights. This step, however, does not mean a turnaround in a single day, which was also clear from the...exchanges between Clinton and Jiang when they met the press. That dialogue, which reflected their ideological differences, did not simply end at that press conference. Who knows how long it will continue?"
"The Bear And The Dragon"
Conservative, centrist Magyar Nemzet carried this op-ed piece (11/10) on the Russian-Chinese summit: "According to some Russian opinions, the Kremlin is now trying to balance the (NATO) enlargement process and the hegemonist ambitions of the United States by opening up to the East. Others attribute the close link between Moscow and Beijing to their mutual push for exporting and purchasing modern arms.... How long can this...cooperation between Moscow and Beijing last, many ask. They are both annoyed over the global lead of the United States and would much like to see a multipolar world instead. But it is a well-based concern of the Russians that the current strategic partnership with the Chinese means an increasing dependence on China, and an anti-West and anti-American attitude can't be a strategy either, since both markets expect significant investments from those regions."
"Chinese Christmas"
Influential Magyar Hírlap judged (11/4): "Christmas has come too early for Chinese leader Jiang Zemin, since he has gotten everything he wanted from Bill Clinton, critics say. What is true on the other hand: None of them had high hopes for the summit. Let's not beat around the bush: Jiang and Clinton have cut a give-and-get deal.... American giants, like Westinghouse or GM, have been ready to jump into the vast Chinese market and to compete for the deal for 40 to 50...(nuclear) power plants accounting for some $60 billion, or $2 billion per year. It is now a fact that this market is developing quite fast in China, while it is dying in the United States. The official guest, however, enjoyed talking so much that he managed to talk about nothing for more then 90 minutes."
POLAND: "Call Me Jiang"
Center-left Zycie Warszawy featured this commentary (11/5) by Kazimierz Pytko: "Is it pure coincidence or a remarkable diplomatic achievement? For the first time in history, the leaders of the biggest superpowers of the 'yellow' and 'white' worlds held [separate] summit meetings at the same time. When the Chinese president was trying on an American hat, the Japanese prime minister could be seen fishing in a Russian river.... Having looked closely at each other, the leaders of the new G-4 (the United States, China, Japan and Russia) presumably came to the conviction that nothing can be changed [on the world scene.]... The language has changed, though. There are no longer 'zones of influence,' but 'zones of interest.' 'Peaceful coexistence' has been replaced by 'constructive engagement,' and 'comrade' or 'mister' are more and more often replaced by a less formal form of address, like 'my friend.' It is only a matter of time before we hear a voice from Beijing (saying), 'Call me Jiang!'"
"Jiang Zemin's U.S. Visit Accomplished Everything He Planned"
Tomasz Deptula filed from New York for economic Prawo i Gospodarka (11/4): "In spite of numerous protests accompanying the visit of the communist superpower's leader, the fundamental goal of the visit was achieved--the normalization of bilateral U.S.-China relations. What is more, Zemin presented himself to the American people not as a 'monster' co-responsible for the Tiananmen Square massacre, but as a statesman using fairly good English and possessing a quick wit."
RUSSIA: "U.S. Has Few Reasons To Rejoice"
Arkady Orlov of RIA Novosti reported from Washington for reformist writers' weekly Literaturnaya Gazeta (# 45, 11/5): "The (Jiang Zemin) visit was a success, but the United States has few reasons to rejoice. The visit seems to have helped improve relations between the two leaders, but the differences remain 'fundamental' and there is no telling how China and America are going to overcome them."
"Russia's Supporting Role"
Stanislav Kondrashov remarked in reformist Izvestia (11/5): "In the next century's Asia-Pacific region, Russia will have a supporting role, compared to those of the three key players--the United States, China and Japan. But a backup player has his advantages, as the main players can't do without his aid."
SERBIA-MONTENEGRO: "Jiang Woos Business Community"
Independent, centrist Danas carried this commentary (11/3) by special Washington correspondent Goroana Logar: "Met with salvos, artillery salutes and noisy mass protests, China's President Jiang Zemin cheerfully toured America, taking full advantage of the fact that business centers of power rule life in the United States. Except for President Clinton, his enchanted hosts were the heads of the most powerful corporations with the latest high technologies, who sell satellites, nuclear reactors, or such trifles as cellular phones, computers or Internet to China.... The old-new standards are pragmatism, largeness and wisdom. Everything lies in big numbers and--changes."
SPAIN: "And Now, Russia And China"
Liberal El Pais noted (11/11): "Boris Yeltsin and Jiang Zemin have a common ambition: Both seek recognition of the countries they rule as great powers in a multipolar world order. . . . None [of the recent diplomatic activity by either Russia or China] should be seen as unfriendly towards the United States, [although] both leaders seek more stable relations between them [as a counterweight to] what they see as excessive unipolarity [exercised by] the United States. They still have a long way to go, but their efforts are important in the establishment of multipolar diplomacy."
MIDDLE EAST
EGYPT: "Islamic Countries Should Get Used To Self-Reliance"
Amer Abdel Moneim, a contributor to Islamist-leaning, opposition Al Shaab, asserted (11/4): "The Sino-American rapprochement comes in the context of a U.S. policy to influence Russia...China and North Korea, with the aim of (preventing)...Middle Eastern countries, especially Iran, from obtaining nuclear technology and developing their weapons programs. Obviously this rapprochement is not in the interest of Islamic countries...which should start depending on themselves in defending their interests."
LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN
ARGENTINA: "China Arrives In U.S."
An editorial in leading Clarin read (11/6): "The tour which brought Chinese President Jiang Zemin to Washington and New York clearly outlines the present situation of world power: In it, the United States and China emerge as players of a new kind of bipolarism between two great superpowers at the end of the century.... This explains the determination of the U.S. administration to receive the Chinese leader with great pomp, leaving behind any memories of the Tiananmen episode or pressure regarding the oppressive situation in Tibet or restrictions in the recently incorporated Hong Kong.... In Washington, Clinton and Jiang Zemin played a strong key in this new concert, like two directors of the same orchestra, with different scores but converging strategic goals."
"Elephants Clash"
Commenting on the joint press conference with Presidents Clinton and Jiang, pro-government La Prensa's international analyst Julio Barboza wrote (11/6): "These were strong words for a presidential meeting, said in front of the press. But, in spite of this, the relationship between the two countries will probably continue improving. The pressure of businessmen, who see their European and Japanese competitors doing very good business in China, is almost irresistible and will possibly exceed that of the human rights and other similar lobbies. So it would be irresponsible for those who are conducting the foreign relations of two countries with such power, to let those differences overshadow the need for a civilized relationship."
"The Chinese Issue"
An editorial in pro-government La Prensa pointed out (11/5): "International relations are...ruled by reality and not by ideals or hopeful wishes. Negotiating with Beijing is, therefore, a sour grape that has to be swallowed by the biggest world power. A quarter of the world population with a growing purchasing power is, for sure, an irresistible temptation for any capitalist. Even if he is a Democrat."
BRAZIL: "Incoherence"
Brasilia's pro-government Correio Braziliense had this to say (11/4): "The visit of China's President Jiang Zemin to the United States is one of the most important contemporary diplomatic happenings.... One cannot but praise the closer relationship and see it as a positive development for the world. However, one cannot also but highlight the contrast this creates in relation to another country...of lesser economic and geopolitical importance...Cuba. The arguments used by the United States to support Cuba's estrangement from the continental [community]...are all present to a more pronounced degree in China. To invoke them in relation to one (country) and discount them in relation to the other shows an insincere intent.... Let us hope that the visit of China's president will stimulate a review of this sectarian policy of American diplomacy."
CHILE: "Strategic Association Between China And U.S."
Influential, centrist La Epoca had this editorial view (11/1): "The introduction of the term 'strategic' seems to imply the possibility of a qualitative change in the relationship between both superpowers (the United States and China.) It not only suggests the presence of shared military views and nuclear arms negotiations, but also shows that both countries are moving toward developing a reciprocal, long-term relationship on a wide range of matters in which there is agreement or near agreement.... The human rights issue...seems to be the only matter in which there remain 'great differences,' although in fact, its importance seems to have decreased.... The possible alliance that seems to be taking shape between the United States and China could become a powerful element of peace in international relations, as well as for economic development, which could have important global significance."
"Rays Of Hope"
Mass-appeal Las Ultimas Noticias told its readers (11/2): "The president of the most powerful nation met with his Chinese counterpart.... It is good that, despite significant differences between the two systems, there is discussion to find common solutions for the problems of the world. Let's hear it for understanding through dialogue."
ECUADOR: "U.S.-China: Pros And Cons"
Leading, centrist El Comercio declared (10/31): "U.S.-China contacts, despite their shortcomings, have broad political-economical significance, and will weigh in many different forms in the upcoming century. No doubt about it."
HONDURAS: "The Other Communism"
Liberal, pro-government La Tribuna made this point (11/5): "For American politicians, there is more than one form of communism. There is that of Castro, which they wrangle against daily...and Chinese communism, with which one can do important and significant business.... At the same time, however, China, has an anti-human rights history that scandalizes American politicians.... In any case, the visit has been a good lesson for all of us in Latin America. It illustrates the new world trend based not so much on principles as economic interests. It also demonstrates the inconsistencies of U.S. policy, which, when it wants to protect its economic interests, has a huge capacity to overlook damage done to human rights principles."
PERU: "Jiang Zemin In U.S."
According to center-left, business daily Gestion (11/2): "(President Clinton's) remarks about how China could have advanced in the world with a different policy on human rights might have been uncomfortable for Jiang Zemin. It is evident that the commercial opportunities that each country represents for the other is the strongest stimulus.... Now it is the United States' turn to explain to the world its good attitude toward China and its hardness towards other regimes--what is called by many people the double standard of U.S. diplomacy."
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: "Can't Ignore China"
In the view of the conservative Guardian (11/3): "China is evolving into a significant economic and political world power.... Nevertheless the concern in certain quarters about the abuse of human rights is a valid issue. While it is desirable that demands for the end of human rights abuses must be maintained, it should also be realized that open trade, mutual understanding and prosperity can stimulate conditions favorable to the growth of healthy human rights policies. China's importance on the world stage at the present time cannot be ignored. What is required is mutual trust between the two countries. The summit has given hope for the establishment of that trust and it ought to be cemented not only by further summits, but by constant contact between the people."
URUGUAY: "Times Change"
Top-selling, conservative El Pais ran this editorial comment (11/1): "Jiang's presence in the United States confirms Clinton's realistic (new) posture, in contrast to the idealistic policy held until 1994. Like their European counterparts, American business firms should be the first ones to benefit from this decision, which establishes cooperation between both countries. Priority subjects in this relationship seem to be trade and security, not human rights and freedom, an area in which China has shown no sign of change. This was made apparent by the guest list for the official dinner held at the White House in honor of Jiang, at which many seats were occupied by representatives of American multinationals and human rights activists were conspicuously absent. "
For more information, please contact:
U.S. Information Agency
Office of Public Liaison
Telephone: (202) 619-4355
4/10/98
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