Acceleration development advanced strategy weapon
Liu Bao Yong
(Chinese booster rocket technology research institute, Beijing , 100076)
The abstract from variously elaborated the development advanced strategy weapon necessity. Points out, the international situation forces us to have to develop the advanced strategic weapon, the impetus country modernization must develop the advanced strategic weapon, the new technical rapid development requests us to have to accelerate the development advanced strategy weapon. In in did the above analysis foundation, how to strengthen the strategic weapon the development proposes the development key and the development mentality.
Key word country missile defensive system, strategic weapon, development strategy.
Speeding up the Developmentof Advanced Strategic Weapons
Liu Baoyong
(China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing, 100076)
Abstract This paper expounds necessity todevelop advanced strategic weapons from several aspects. Based on the presentinternational situation, we must develop advanced strategic weapons furtherbecause our deterrent force is very weak. We should give an impetus to weaponequipment development by improving the level of science and technology. Development of advanced strategic weapons will accelerate basic industry growth. Under modern military technology changes with each passing day, We should beeven more backward in technique if we don ? t quickened our steps to develop advanced strategic weapons. On thebasis of above detailed analysis, some suggestions on development of strategicweapons are made.
KeyWords NMD, Strategic weapon, Developmentpolicy. ?
1 international situation forces us to have to develop the advanced strategic weapon
Since recently the American government has carried out the new power politics, its core is carries out the strength policy, strengthens the national defense, increases the military expenses, whole-heartedly constructs the national missile defense system. Instead will fear takes American the global strategic target, and proposed " the evil axle center " concept, expansion military action, even declared did not remove uses the nuclear weapon.
The American Department of Defense submitted one topic was " nuclear situation appraisal " the confidential report to Congress, appealed USA develops new nuclear weapon, proposed serviceable makes first move and get control the nucleus attack eliminates USA faces " the threat " so-called, and included Russia and China lists in the inside 7 countries the latent nucleus attack object. ?
On June 27th, 2002, the American Senate authorized 2003 fiscal years 393000000000 American dollars military expenses expenditures. This is for 20 years defense expenditure increased range biggest one, has achieved historical the peak 400000000000. The American government on December 13th, 2001 announces unilaterally withdraws has evaluated becomes effective 30 years " antimissile missile treaty ". Massively increases the investment, positively carries out so-called national missile defensive system NMD. ?
USA Chinese increase missile quantity achievement must deploy the true missile defensive system the reason, thinks China will pose the threat to USA. On June 13th, 2002 USA officially withdrew " instead leads treaty ", in the publication statement expressed " devoted as far as possible quickly deploys one missile defensive system protected the American people, devotes to strengthens the strength which deploys has coped with us faces day by day the stern threat ".
Truly, USA while with all one's strength is constructing NMD, unceasingly is strengthening the combative strategic nuclear weapon the preparation. Mainly displays in:
First, improves the original strategic weapon. The United States Air Force has invested to 500 militiamen -3 missile carries on two aspects the improvements. On the one hand is the propulsion system, the improvement contract funds 2600000000 American dollars. On the other hand is the guidance system, the improvement funds estimates will reach as high as 2400000000 American dollars.
Second, develops the new strategic weapon. It is reported, the air force is formulating develops the new intercontinental ballistic missile plan, this kind of missile possibly names as the militiaman -4. The air force space headquarters is formulating the demand document, draws up ~ in 2005 starts in 2004 to develop.
The air force high-ranking official thinks, the militiaman -4 missile is the following missile which needs to consider. Its performance enhancement includes the improvement correspondence; Increases one at the end of 助推级, after causes the warhead and the missile separates can be mobile; Uses the new rocket engine. Among them, must maintain true missile rocket engine industry complete condition, also is the question which the Pentagon cares about.
Looks from the international situation, we must understand the situation clearly, must have to have the suitable preparation. Because, compared Chinese with the American Russia the nuclear deterrent really is too weak. According to the American CIA newly announces " the national information estimates ", " to 2015, China's true missile strength will increase quite several times, but will compare with Russian and USA'S ultra-long-range missile strength, still will be quite small (about 75 ~ 100 warheads), the performance quite was also bad " . ?
2 development advanced strategies weapon is advantageous to the impetus country modernization
2.1 advanced strategic weapons involve to foundation industry each department
The advanced strategic weapon is one complex big system, take the ultra-long-range missile as the example, it generally include the missile, the ground equipment, the electronic command system three major parts.
The missile is composed again by certain subsystems, usually it include: Useful load system, dynamic system, shell body structure, control system, safety system, telemetry system, outside trajectory-measuring system and so on.
The ground equipment usually includes: Launch site area equipment, transportation reprint equipment, technical preparation equipment and so on.
The electronic command system usually includes: Command control system, telemetering receiving system, communications system and so on.
Each subsystem by certain subsystems, each subsystem again by certain function combinations, always becomes or the single plane constitution again.
Thus, one kind of ultra-long-range missile probably has 80 extra subsystems, more than 500 functions combinations, 700 extra always become or the single plane. ?
The participation develops these systems or the single plane unit involves the metallurgy, is colored, department and so on chemical industry, aviation, weapon, machinery, building materials, spinning and weaving, coal, electron, railroad, nearly includes all industries domain. Therefore, the ultra-long-range missile development is the collection nation each industry department newest technology accomplishes, the ultra-long-range missile technical level represented our country industry level.
2.2 advanced ultra-long-range missiles developments demand tows the foundation industry development and the enhancement
In the new strategic weapon development, passes the standing committee proposes the massive new materials, the new structure, the new craft, needs the foundation industry department develops or the attack. For example, already proposed and completed develops has the following several aspects.
2.2.1 metals materials and structure ?
a) aluminum alloy overall drop forging numerical control é“£ structure. ?
b) each kind of titanium alloy structure. ?
c) each kind of special alloy material: é’¨é“ nickel alloy, 钨铜åˆé‡‘; Molybdenum titanium alloy, niobium hafnium alloy, nickel base heat-resisting alloy, rare earth magnet steel; é“é“åˆé‡‘, hard cobalt vanadium alloy, magnetism warm è¡¥å¿åˆé‡‘, high proportion alloy; Samarium cobalt magnet steel, alnico, magnetic lag alloy, tungsten base high density alloy; Bears the stress is high 导ç£åˆé‡‘, é“ the alloy and so on.
2.2.2 nonmetallic materials and structure ?
a) heatproofing class material and structure: Three to thin arranges the puncture carbon / carbon material; Three to weaves the carbon / phenol aldehyde structure; Big area heatproofing material; Three to thin arranges the quartz / quartz; Porous phenol aldehyde compound material. ?
b) receives the strength class material and the structure: Large-scale carbon fiber å¤åˆç»“æž„; Large-scale organic textile fiber å¤åˆç»“æž„. ?
c) new propellant: End hydroxyl polybutadiene propellant; Double burns the fast low temperature 缓燃 propellant; Green nitrogen tetroxide MON-3.
d) other: May process the ceramics, changes the material, the special absorption of shock material, the damping material, the absorbing material, 甲乙醚 the oil, the fluorocarbon oil, chemical product and so on end hydroxyl liquid state Ding nitrile rubber. ?
2.2.3 new primary devices ?
On the primary device, various units concerned did the massive work. On the one hand takes the many kinds of effective measure enhances our country electron primary device the inherent reliable level, simultaneously formulates strictly leaves the plant the approval condition, guarantees the primary device achieves the international similar product the level. In addition, but also developed one batch can the anti- special environment electronic primary device.
2.2.4 new crafts ?
a) the large-scale metal structure used the numerical control processing, the was same than é“£ structure reduces 20%. ?
b) used the Asian micron level precise processing craft. ?
c) broke through the belt medicine twines with the belt medicine welds the new craft. ?
d) developed non-electrically take ä¼ çˆ† as the characteristic 2nd generation of astronautics ç«å·¥å“, greatly enhanced ç«å·¥å“ security and reliability.
Since according to the statistics, the founding of the nation, the our country development complete green wood has foreseen accurately, more than half is needs to develop because of the astronautics technology work.
? �
2.3 foundations are basic
In the model triturating, deeply feels the foundation industry the importance. May say does not have the foundation industry the support, does not have the model to develop successfully. The foundation industry does not go up, our comprehensive national strength is not possible to enhance, the national defense is not possible to strengthen. At the same time, in under national key model demand tow, the foundation industry also in unceasingly enhances. The foundation industry development and the modernization of national defense is mutually promotes.
The foundation industry development must have to have the powerful demand tows. Specially under the socialism market economical condition, does not have the demand, the industry department to be very difficult to develop, in particular these technical difficulty big item, is only has in the model powerfully tows under only then can yield the certain result.
3 new technical development progress by leaps and bounds, we must speed up the research, otherwise even more is backward
Now, the world science and technology progress changes with each new day, but the world science and technology development one important aspect is the service to the military demand, thus the military technology competition day by day is also intense.
3.1 USA speeds up the brand-new military technology by the unprecedented huge investment the development
USA in order to realize " ultra one lords over " , on the one hand draws support implements NMD opportunity, develops a series of new technologies, vigorously develops to the outer space monopoly. On the other hand, with the aid of instead fears opportunity, develops a series of new attack strength. Namely USA positively constructs has both 战略进攻, the strategic defensive and the advanced convention and the nucleus attack ability in inside " the new Trinity " the strategy å¨æ…‘能力.
3.1.1 lets loose the hands and feet acceleration development missile defensive system, the special value uses the deep space
USA already completed the high axle day base infrared system ( SBIRS-HIGH) the key design examination, this system will increase 4 satellites on the Earth synchronous orbit, increased 2 satellites in the big elliptical orbit. Next step " the day base infrared system strengthens three " the system, will increase 20 ~ 30 Earth close-orbit satellite, will provide the center-section missile tracking. ?
The English comments, USA develops " the high axle day base infrared system ", on the synchronous orbit 4 satellites, may continuously observe the Earth the majority of areas. In the big elliptical orbit 2 satellites, will enhance this system to the North Pole area cover. These satellites use the keen infrared acquisition aid, can survey 助飞 center the missile bright tail flame. Can continuously observe the missile, provides the even better missile ä½ç½®ä¿¡æ¯, the direction information and the speed information. Definite missile type, firing distance and point of descent. Like this increases the survey distance is very important, the defensive system will have the longer operational time, will be able to carry on the interception in a farther distance.
USA seeks by the true missile defense technology, the impetus space weapon technology development, takes the true missile defense the realization 控制空间 important step.
3.1.2 USA in development day base weapon
USA conceives the day base armament system, may implement the direct attack to on Earth's any goal. Pentagon's high-ranking official said, merely occupied the superiority in the sea and the sky already is insufficient, USA only had after the atmosphere outside the space has the absolute superiority only then can have obtains the decisive victory the ability. USA prepares to establish one circles the track revolution the health star cluster. Arms it is not the laser, also is not the blasting explosive, but is the tungsten stick. These tungsten sticks like the arrow equally from the outer space launch, equally enters the atmosphere like the meteorolite, moreover cannot receive any damage, and precisely attacks on the Earth by 6 km/s superelevation speed the goal. It can get to work what place goal in the anxious short time introversion Earth open fire. This kind is called as " too the air attack weapon " the satellite weapon, lets USA effectively to the world implementation military control. The American thinks, 21st century military astronautics system not only will use in the missile defense, the attack enemy side satellite, even will be allowed to attack the above goal. Who will be able to grasp the system day power in the future war, who will be able to win the war is initiative and the victory.
3.1.3 research small nuclear weapons
USA positively restores the new nuclear weapon development. On the one hand uses in the missile defensive system, namely so-called nucleus interception. On the other hand, the development small nuclear weapon, uses in to attack the hard target.
USA already for used in the missile defensive system carries the nuclear warhead the interception ball opens wide the front door. The department concerned already obtained the encouragement, re- explored this kind of plan, took the interception enemy side missile way one part.
The American country laboratory for many years continuously has been grinding sends the mini nuclear weapon, copes with deeply hides in the underground goal, specially by advanced idea development small, penetrating power strong weapon. The forecast future, will be able to have a series of special uses the small nuclear weapon appears.
The The United States Department of Energy said, it the extensive å¤æ–° one generation of nuclear weapon development work, will allocate funds to improve the Nevada test facility, once will make politics decides, might restore the nuclear test in 1 ~ 2 months. ?
3.1.4 positively develops the many kinds of way the precise attack technology
American special value research precise attack technology, regardless of is the outer space to the place direct attack, the flight vehicle throws, or the cruise missile attack, all can achieve the high accuracy hit goal.
In the development, experimental and batch of production high accuracy weapon aspect USA leads to world. In the high accuracy attack strength aspect, the long-distance cruise missile, especially receives favours. Washington prepares to 2003 to increase to Pentagon allocates funds 90000000000 American dollars, uses in to purchase the new weapon and the military technology equipment, includes may completely replace has the nuclear warhead the true missile high accuracy weapon. In the modern warfare, the long-distance cruise missile might is not inferior has the nuclear warhead the true missile, they may launch besides several thousand kilometers, ç´§è´´åœ°é¢ the flight, in under the situation which is discovered by the anti-aircraft installation éšè”½åœ° does not attack on the Earth any goal.
Moreover, the American military 80's intermediate stages develop successfully the might may with the vacuum bomb which the tactical nuclear weapons compares. This technical and the high accuracy cruise missile union, enabled the armament system to achieve the archery target leap. The Pentagon prepares to 2010 when deploys high accuracy long-distance cruise missile 150000. By that time, the high accuracy weapon will pose the significant threat to the Russian strategy nuclear power.
In brief, the American government is devoting the military technology further development, develops and develops in the new operational space in the state-of-art armament system continues to strengthen American the military superiority.
3.2 Russia is taking the essential measure consolidates own nuclear country status
The American current procedure, broke two superpowers æ ¸å‡åŠ¿. Regarding this, in the hand grasps the massive nuclear weapons Russia is cannot stand by. Therefore, Russia already started to take the corresponding countermeasure.
3.2.1 uses the new technology on the combative strategic nuclear weapon ?
Russia launched one SS-25 intercontinental ballistic missile, it is said, this time launch in fact was is experimenting one kind of new missile flight technology, but this kind of technology might cause the missile with ease to hide the airborne interception, then caused the NMD shape with to be nominal. The this test fire SS-25 it last 助推 section is one high speed cruise missile, this kind of missile when aerial flight is not nearly possible to intercept.
Moreover, Russia has started to equip Chinese white poplar -M, this kind of missile trajectory very is according to what is stated special, in the tentative plan true missile defensive system is not nearly possible to intercept it. Russia plans every year deploys 35 ~ 40, within 10 years plan deploys 300. ?
3.2.2 positively develops the seapower ?
You the Si gram number mystical submersion may know from the storehouse, Russia continuously is devoting the development seapower. On the one hand, development new strategy nuclear-powered submarine. On the other hand, development new submarine firing weapon. The Russian fifth generation of strategy nuclear-powered submarine " god the north wind " the level submarine soon finishes. At present, is constructing 4 " god the north wind " the level submarine, estimates from 2003, Russia will every year constructs 1. In addition, Russia developed one kind of code number is the Shkval-E missile, this missile was one kind " the high speed water-to-water missile " , it through the fish blasting cap launch, reached as high as (200 in the submarine approaching speed ~ 224) nmile/h. It is said United States Navy any means has not defended this kind of high speed water-to-water missile. ?
3.2.3 Russia's cruise missile also does not show weakness
Russia as early as carried on long-distance X-111 and X-555 cruise missile a series of experiments in 1999. The X-111 missile trajectory range achieves 3000 km, X-555 achieves 5000 km. The Russia expert thinks, completely has the ability makes the trajectory range reaches 10000 km the cruise missile. The warhead may penetrate 6.5 m thick concrete, compares with the American tomahawk type missile, it daytime or dark night limit, also goal weather condition limit.
3.2.4 increases the investment has the achievements in the missile defensive system aspect ?
Russia in 2002 increased allocates funds, to use in to make the new air defense system, the missile attack early time early warning system, the long-distance radar è¦æˆ’飞机 as well as the high accuracy weapon. ?
Russia develops the S-400 new air defense missile system, not only is one air defense system, also is one instead leads the system. It may eliminate æ¥çŠ¯ any flight vehicle, includes hides oneself the airplane and the tomahawk type cruise missile.
Russia indicates, the American deploys the national missile defensive system, we will take the countermeasure. The research countermeasure is not below 30 kinds, Russia not only in the land, airborne and marine copes with USA, but also plans enters into rivalry in the outer space and USA. Prepares to carry on the outer space lays mines, uses each kind of counter- satellite system, uses so-called outer space 榴霰弹 even outer space trash on the track.
3.2.5 research small nuclear bombs have had the many years ?
Russia develops the small equivalent, has the high penetrating power, " is clean " the nuclear bomb, already had many years. Restores the nuclear test in the New Territories island in question has also decided.
The fact proves, Russia still had the formidable national defense strength. The Bush government fully saw this point, therefore a series of vital international questions, all patiently solicited Russian the opinion.
3.3 India already crowded to the military great nation ranks
India throughout thinks the present age " one extremely ". Therefore, the massive investments expand military strength.
3.3.1 vigorously develops long-distance and the transmission missile, the establishment deterrent
The Indian national defense scientific research department to Soviet in the Asian transmission missile development work beginning in 1994, in 2003, the firing distance will reach 12000 km in the Soviet the Asian II missile is published. The researcher said in Soviet the Asian II missile firing distance finally will surpassed 20000 km, will load the nuclear warhead, in the world all countries all locates the Indian nuclear-armed missile in the firing distance.
From 2002 year after year at the beginning of India succeeds the test fire raging fire II medium range missile, and the preparation batch production situation looks, at present, the Indian nuclear warhead miniaturization level already went through a strategic pass. The Indian Department of Defense publishes is newest " annual report " states, India must establish " is reliable, threshold nucleus deterrent ".
3.3.2 positively develops the astronautics technology, hidden develops the outer space weapon
In April, 2001, India's booster rocket carries one experimental communication satellite, first time rises into the outer space. Caused India to enter has outside the development the outer space technology national ranks. The Indian space research organization also makes clear, while unceasingly sharpens its booster rocket launch ability and reliable, devotes with emphasis day aspect the and so on base laser weapon and manufacture new aerospace craft research.
Little while ago, the Indian Department of Defense official declared, passes through the experiment, India has in recent years obtained the significant breakthrough in the laser weapon development domain. To 2007, India will have uses in the outer space combat laser weapon. ?
These technical achievements, caused India to have the certain day war ability, thus enable India to go forward to the military great nation goal one step.
4 dozen foundations, vote for the direction, the increase put, have the breakthrough
The our country for 45 years developed the many kinds of strategic weapon model. From short range, medium range, long-distance to intercontinental, both has the liquid and has the solid, since has the first generation also has the 2nd generation, made the prominent contribution for our country national defense construction. Undergo several ten years construction, we had the certain development and the development condition, accumulated the rich development experience, established the science effective development procedure and the system, raised one batch of another batch of theory and the practice unifies has the selfless offer spirit the development troop. Every this, for further developed establishes the extremely solid foundation. And the science and technology is very fast progressive facing the current complex international situation, we have the heavy burden which the responsibility load gets up continues to develop, persists oneself the road, completes the preparation in the technology for the national development capable effective strategy nucleus counter-attack strength.
4.1 development key points
The development key point is the significant topic which needs to study, facing the American current a series of procedures, the world various countries all is studying oneself the countermeasure. I think in consideration development key when should achieve following several unions:
a) wants current and the long term union. Must consider our national condition and the synthesis national strength, while busily to current model work, tightly revolves the subject, the organization to study the long term development. Specially to develops the prospect is extremely good, has the enormous impetus function to the national defense construction and the national foundation industry the item. Must organize troop, increases the investment, as soon as possible puts out can
Project application achievement.
Does b) have to solve whether there is with surpasses world advanced unifies. Whether there is solves the problem, our country now industry foundation, should say is definitely may achieve. But must under the big strength formulation and the implementation surpasses the world advanced level the item. Thus, not only is advantageous to the national defense construction, also is advantageous to the national foundation industry enhancement.
c) attacks with guards against unifies. About " guards against " question, continuously is has the dispute the question. We must embark from our country reality, what does the research guard against, how guards against. How implements " strengthens under the high-tech condition the defense operational capacity and deals with arise suddenly the event the ability." We in the active defense domain, should say also has the massive technical question waits for the research.
d) the national defense construction and the civil astronautics unifies. Our country Long March rocket already advanced into to the international astronautics launches the market. The Long March rocket has the formidable 空间å‘å°„ ability, therefore, should fully display this superiority, positively will explore the future spatial technology in the national defense construction huge function.
e) the weaponry and the technical reserve unifies. Without the technical reserve, is not possible to develop the new technical equip. The new equipment demand often again is the technical development formidable power. Therefore, must by weaponry belt development, guarantee development by technical reserve.
Regarding the concrete development way, I think it should have following several aspects with emphasis:
1) the our country existing strategy, the tactic weapon improvement enhances the aspect. ?
The our country existing strategy, the tactic weapon will use in the future war, but also will have the very many endless people's desires the place, regarding this we will not be able to abandon again do not use. Should perform to improve and the enhancement.
The improvement main content includes: Enhances the survivability; Enhances the defense penetration ability; Enhances the firing distance and the precision; Enhances the operational performance; Enhances the weapon system reliability.
2) counter- system USA country missile defensive system aspect. ?
The American country missile defensive system used the policy which unceasingly developed unceasingly deploys, thus, caused this system throughout to locate above the world most advanced technical level. Copes with this kind of system, we only can divide the stage carry on the counter- system. According to the American NMD current trend, the main content which we should study includes: The counter- survey, includes the anti-infrared survey technology; Initial section counter- interception technology; Center-section counter- interception technology; Counter- laser interception technology; Counter- kinetic energy interception technology. Through these research achievements, will cause us future the armament system, will be able to play the proper deterrent role. At the same time, but also must track American NMD development, prompt development corresponding topic research work.
3) the bold innovation, the research will have front gazes the judgement the future deterrent method. ?
Should concentrate one part of scientists and technicians, now will start to begin to defend the motherland security to the future has the primitive innovation thought the research work. Moreover, must grasp from foundation work. Because, these work are not get it done in one action.
How 4.2 completes our research work
Should emphatically develop following several aspects the work:
a) vigorously pays special attention to the foundation item the advanced research work. ?
Only has the foundation item the international standard, only then has the model the international standard. Therefore, must like 863 items such, the aiming international advanced level, has the breakthrough. Must dare path which the predecessor has not passed through, both does not worship foreign countries curries favor with foreign powers, and is conscientious.
b) vigorously launches the model necessary advanced research.
The model tows the new technical development is necessary, the now malpractice often will be the model starts later only then carries out the new technical development. Like this first, both delayed the progress, and affected the quality. Solves this question means, should be in includes massive new technical the model starts before, take this model as the background, the country gives the investment, develops this model needs the item necessary gives grinds the work. Therefore, suggests sets up before the item in the model, after the plan proof, increases one model necessary advanced research stage. This stage should be with emphasis this model forms a complete set needs new technical, the new component, the new material, the new craft attack, includes the related industry department necessary item the attack.
c) stresses the model necessary advanced research, must like stresses model equally increases dynamics. ?
The model sets up before the item has not appointed the command system, the advanced research work now is depends on the department grasps, under the individual situation determined the advanced research person in charge, but the result was not big. From now on, will be supposed to reverse this kind of aspect. When necessity, the interior may ahead of time make clear the model person in charge, according to stresses the model the means, stresses the model necessary advanced research work, enables the advanced research achievement to achieve the project application the degree.
Recently, the American one brain trust declared, between China and America's technical disparity was expanding, but was not reduces. This organization points out, the American technology progresses the speed surpassed Europe. Although Europe greatly falls behind to USA, but or by far surpassed China. It is estimated, because of huge population pressure and environment question, in 2020, even before 2030, China will not be able widely to use in the weapon hides oneself military technology and so on coating.
The American made one estimate to us, how no matter this did estimate. Said to the national strategy weapon development department, should take this one kind of drive. The national safety and danger ordinary man has the responsibility, is responsible to develop the strategic weapon the unit, should shoulder this heavy responsibility, creates again in the new century for the country magnificently.
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