Yevreyskaya Autonomous Oblast - Economy
In the pre-war period, the development of the region's economy and its social sphere was carried out at a high pace, and multinational culture and art were widely developed in the region. From the first days of the Great Patriotic War, the region switched to the production of defense products. More than 12,000 people took part in battles with Nazi Germany and in the liberation of northeastern China from Japanese conquerors. Thousand of them died or went missing. About 8,000 people were awarded military decorations, and 14 people were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
The post-war period was characterized for Jewish autonomy as periods of economic and cultural stagnation.
Acording to the census of the Soviet Union, it appears that from 1928 no more than 40,250 people immigrated to Birobidzhan, and in 1936 about 18,000 remained. Whereas in the census of 1937, 121,000 people lived in the 'Jewish' district, most of them non-Jews, Even after 1939, it recorded only 109,000 people who lived in the city of Birobidzhan and a few other towns. Just after World War II, Birobidzhan seemed to be a haven of peace for European Jews. It is estimated that in 1948, the Jewish population reached its peak and represented nearly 25% of the region's inhabitants, alongside Orthodox Russians, Chinese and Koreans. From World War II until the collapse of the Soviet state the number of inhabitants In Birobidzhan was low: 41,000 in 1950, 56,000 in 1970, 68,000 in 1979 and 84,000 in 1989. The numbers are close to those before World War II.
According to its climatic conditions, the region belongs to one of the most favorable corners of the Far East. The region mainly belongs to the zone of sufficient moisture. Temperate climate (monsoon). The distance from Birobidzhan to Moscow is 8361 km.
More than 20 types of minerals have been identified in the region. Large deposits of iron and manganese ores, graphite, talc, zeolites, brown coals, peat and fresh groundwater have been explored in detail. The geological structure of the territory makes it possible to predict the discovery of deposits of ore gold, oil and gas, facing and ornamental stones, phosphorites, boron, diamonds and platinum.
The region's agricultural land covers more than 200 thousand hectares. The extensive arable lands, pastures and hayfields that the region has contribute to the development of agriculture and cattle breeding.
The development of the modern river network of the Jewish Autonomous Region is associated with the formation of depressions in the Sea of Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan, the uplift of the Stanovoy Ridge - the watershed between the Pacific and Arctic oceans, as well as with the latest tectonic processes.
The river network of the region is well developed; there are more than five thousand watercourses (about 5017) on its territory. The river network is represented by the left tributaries of the Amur River. Most of the rivers of the Jewish Autonomous Region are small and medium-sized, there are few rivers with a length of more than 100 km, these are the Amur, Bira (Big Bira), Bidzhan, Sutara, Ikura, Ungun, Samara.
In the structure of the gross regional product, the largest share is occupied by such types of economic activities as transport and communications, agriculture, hunting and forestry, construction, wholesale and retail trade, repair of vehicles, motorcycles, household products and personal items, manufacturing.
The industrial production of the region includes types of economic activities: mining, manufacturing, production and distribution of electricity, gas and water. In 2014, in manufacturing industries, the largest share was occupied by the production of other non-metallic mineral products (46.9%%); wood processing and production of wood products (11.9%); food production (12.4%); production of electrical equipment (8.3%); publishing and printing activities (6.2%).
Food production is focused on meeting the food needs of the population. A network of small and medium-sized enterprises has been created in the region to process local agricultural products and produce food products. They produce sausages and other meat products, bakery, pasta and confectionery products, dairy and fish products.
One of the most important sectors of the regional economy, in which a significant part of consumer goods for the population is produced, is the agro-industrial complex. The volume of gross agricultural output in all categories of farms for 2014 amounted to 4612.7 million rubles or 130.6 percent compared to the previous year in a comparable estimate.
Transport plays an important role in the socio-economic development of the region. Freight vehicles of enterprises of all types of economic activity and entrepreneurs engaged in commercial freight road transportation transported 1,613.7 thousand tons of cargo in January–December 2014. Freight turnover amounted to 8786.7 thousand t-km. From January to December 2014, 11,456.1 thousand passengers were transported by buses from road transport enterprises and hired transport from entrepreneurs on public routes. Passenger turnover during this period amounted to 102,464.6 thousand passenger-km.
The total volume of communication services provided by communication enterprises, according to estimates for January - December 2014, amounted to 1281.7 million rubles, including for the population amounted to 718.9 million rubles (102.2%).
Foreign economic activity in the Jewish Autonomous Region is one of the important factors in the economic development of the region, the priority of which is the development of cooperation with its closest neighbor - the People's Republic of China and, in particular, with the border regions of Heilongjiang Province: the cities of Jiamusi, Tongjiang, Hegang, Yichun. Investment activity on the part of representatives of foreign businesses traditionally remains in the agro-industrial and forestry complexes, in the field of subsoil use. As of 01/01/2015, about 70 enterprises with 100 percent Chinese capital carry out business activities in the Jewish Autonomous Region, a third of them (24 business entities) are enterprises of the agro-industrial complex.
A number of large investment projects are being implemented in the region, the implementation of which will speed up the processes of integration with the economies of the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, which are recognized as priorities.
During the time that has passed since the beginning of Russian colonization of the region, on the territory of the Jewish Autonomous Region there has been a mutual enrichment of cultures of different peoples: Russians, Jews, Belarusians, Ukrainians and others.
In recent years, the culture of the region has begun to regain its national resonance. With the advent of the Jewish religious community “Freud”, Jewish traditions that had been somewhat lost in the past were revived. Several original creative groups work under the auspices of the community. It has become traditional to celebrate Jewish holidays: Rosh Hashanah, Hanukkah, Purim, as well as the International Festival of Jewish Culture. The regional library has preserved a unique collection of Jewish literature. During the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the Jewish Autonomous Region, the opening of the Main Synagogue, built according to all the canons of Judaism, took place.
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