Tactical Aircraft-Carrying Cruiser
[Takticheskoi Avionosnyi Kreizer]
Heavy Aircraft-Carrying Cruiser
[Tyazholyi Avianesushyi Kreyser]
For Russia, there is a dilemma in the choice of aircraft carriers. Aircraft carriers are different from other types of maritime combat platforms. Such ships are not only an important maritime base in wartime, but also a demonstration of the country's comprehensive strength, especially military strength, in peacetime. Therefore, it is often used as a means of intervention and deterrence. Therefore, from the perspective of maintaining its international status and intimidation capability, Russia naturally does not want the situation where the carrier's combat power is out of line.
The future flagship of the Northern Fleet of the Russian Navy, the heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser "Admiral Kuznetsov" was launched on December 4, 1985.
Sketches aircraft carriers began to be created for the first time in the USSR in the 1920s, but their full design and construction only began in the 1960s. Initially, such ships were carried helicopters. Over time, the Air Group entered the vertical planes at first, and later - a horizontal takeoff and landing. In total, the USSR built seven aircraft carriers. Their projects were developed by the Nevsky Design Bureau (PCB) in Leningrad (now - St. Petersburg). All ships were built on the Black Sea Shipyard in Mykolaiv (Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, now - Ukraine).
Many Russian aircraft carrier designs were not built. In the 2010s Krylov State Research Center (KGNTS, St. Petersburg) has developed a draft design of the multipurpose heavy aircraft carrier "Storm" (project 23000, code "Lair") with a displacement of 100,000 tons, involving placement of the air group of up to 90 aircraft and helicopters. The layout of the ship has been demonstrated in the summer of 2015 the International Maritime Defense Show in St Petersburg. General Director of the Nevsky PKB Sergey Vlasov estimated the cost of building such a ship to 200-280 billion rubles.
Project 1123 (code "Condor")
Classified as anti-submarine cruisers, these ships served as the basis for the air group of 14 Ka-25 helicopters of various modifications. Ships of the project had a standard displacement of 11,100 tons (full - 15 280 tonnes), length 189 meters, width 34 meters.
They were equipped with a two-shaft boiler and turbine power plant with a total capacity of 90 thousand horsepower, speeds up to 29 knots. Cruising range was 6,000 nautical miles (11,100 km), Endurance was 15 days. The crew was 541 people, including 131 officer.
The armament of the ship included launchers of anti-aircraft missile system (SAM) "Storm" (ammunition - 96 rockets), anti-complexes "Whirlwind" (9 rockets) and rocket mortars RBU-6000 (240 bombs) torpedo tubes caliber 533 mm artillery AK -725 caliber 57 mm.
The lead ship of the "Moscow" was laid down ["founded"] under the serial number 701, December 15, 1962, launched on 14 January 1965, adopted by the fleet 25 December 1967. Excluded from the Navy November 7, 1996. Subsequently cut into the metal in India.
The first production ship "Leningrad" under the serial number 702, was laid July 31, 1966, launched on July 31, 1966, and joined the Navy April 22, 1969 and left December 5, 1992. In 1995, the ship was cut up for metal in India.
A second ship of the serial (serial number 703, the project 1123M / 11233, an increase of 12 meters long) was planned to the tab in 1968, but construction was cancelled.
Project 1143 (code "Merlin")
Antisubmarine cruisers with air armament serve as a basis for the air group of 36 vertical takeoff and landing attack aircraft Yak-38, Ka-25 and Ka-27. Ships of the project had a standard displacement of 30,530 tons (full - 41 370 tonnes), a length of 273 meters, a width of 49 meters. The were equipped with boilers and turbine power plant with a total capacity of 180,000 horsepower, yieldings speeds up to 31 knots. Cruising range was 8,000 nautical miles (14,800 km), Endurance was 30 days. Crew was 1642 people, including 384 officers.
The armament of the ship included launchers SAM "Storm" (96 missiles), SAM "Osa-M" (40 missiles), and anti-ship missiles (ASM) P-500 "Basalt" (16 rockets), anti-complexes "Whirlwind" (16 missiles) mortars and rocket RBU-6000 (240 bombs) torpedo tubes caliber 533 mm artillery pieces caliber 76 mm and 30 mm.
Lead ship "Kiev" was laid down July 21, 1970 under the serial number 101, and launched on 26 December 1972, and joined the Navy December 28, 1975 and taken out of his June 30, 1993. Later it was sold to a Chinese company, it is currently in Tianjin (China), where he became a part of the amusement park, and in 2011 was converted into a hotel.
Cruiser "Minsk" was built on the slightly revised draft 11432 (serial number 102). Was founded December 28, 1972, launched on 30 September 1975, was commissioned 27 September 1978, and retired from the Navy 30 June 1993 Subsequently sold in China in 2006 became part of the amusement park in Shenzhen .
Cruiser "Novorossiysk" (Project 11433, the original name of "Baku", serial number 103) was founded in September 1975, and launched on 26 December 1978, he joined the fleet of 24 November 1982 and derived from it in 1991, after which it was sold for the metal in South Korea, where it was dismantled in 1997.
Project 11434
These ships were classified as a heavy aircraft carrier. The basis for the air group of 36 decked attack aircraft Yak-38 and Yak-141 Ka-27 helicopters of various modifications. Ship project had a standard displacement of 33,000 tons (full - 44 500 tonnes), length 273 meters, width 29 meters, draft of 9.5 meters.
Equipped with chetyrehvalnoy boiler and turbine power plant with a total capacity of 180,000 horsepower, with a top speed of 30 knots. Cruising range was 7,000 nautical miles (13,000 km). Crew was 1610 people, including 383 officers.
Armament included launchers SAM "Dagger" (192 missiles), and anti-ship missiles (ASM) P-500 "basalt", antisubmarine rocket mortars RBU-12000 (60 bombs) torpedo tubes 100 mm caliber, anti-aircraft guns AK-630 caliber 30 mm , artillery caliber of 100 mm (600 projectiles).
The lead and the only ship of the project "Admiral Gorshkov" (serial number 104, until January 4, 1990 was the name of the "Baku") was laid down December 26, 1978, launched on March 31, 1982, joined the fleet on December 20 1987 and withdrawn from his March 5, 2004. Later sold to India, rebuilt, June 14, 2014 he joined the Indian Navy as the Vikramaditya ("Vikramaditya").
Project 11435
This heavy aircraft carrying cruiser had a Fleet Air Arm of 50 deck fighters (Su-27K, MiG-29K), the Ka-27 helicopters of various modifications. In principle, a new project that unites with the project in 1143 only power plant. The ship received a pass-through to the flight deck and a springboard for the first time applied in the Soviet practice samoletopodemnikami board.
The island superstructure changed little compared with the project 11434, with improved underwater and surface ships constructive protection, increased autonomy. Standard displacement TAVKR Project 11435 was 43 000 tonnes (total 55 000 tonnes), the length was 304 meters, width was 72 meters, draft was 10 meters.
Boiler and turbine power plant has a total capacity of 200,000 horsepower. Full speed was 29 knots, cruising range was 8000 nautical miles (14 800 km), Endurance was 45 days. The crew was 1 960 people, including 518 officers.
Armament - launchers PRK "Granite" SAM "Dagger" (192 missiles), SPAR "Dirk" (256 rockets, 48,000 shells), anti-submarine rocket mortars RBU-12000 (60 bombs).
The lead ship of the project - TAVKR "Admiral Kuznetsov" (serial number 105, at the stage of the project called "Soviet Union" in 1982 was named "Riga", in the same year was renamed "Leonid Brezhnev" in 1987- 90 years called "Tbilisi") founded February 22, 1983, launched on December 4, 1985, he joined the Navy 20 January 1991. At the present time - the biggest ship of the Russian Navy and the only part of his aircraft carrier ship, capable of carrying aircraft horizontal takeoff and landing.
In a slight change in project 11436 in 1985-1992 it was built in Nikolayev TAVKR "Varyag", which in 1993 moved Ukraine and in 1998 was sold to China. September 25, 2012 adopted by the Navy People's Liberation Army of China as "Liaoning".
Project 11437
In the mid-1980s, Neva PKB drafted a plan for a heavy aircraft carrier with a nuclear power plant, steam catapults on the deck corner, take-off ramp and three samoletopodemnikami. The lead ship of the project 11437, "Ulyanovsk", was founded November 25, 1988. He was to be the flagship of the Soviet Navy, and the first of four similar cruisers. After the Soviet collapse in 1991, production was stopped, pulled the ship on the stocks in 1992.
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