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Central Research Institute of Chemistry and Mechanics (TsNIICHM)

The State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation, the Federal State Unitary Enterprise, the Central Research Institute of Chemistry and Mechanics was founded in 1894 by the great Russian scientist Dmitry I. Mendeleev. The Institute has been at the forefront of domestic applied science for many years. A high level of professional qualifications and good traditions are the key to the success of the institute.

The State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation The Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Central Research Institute of Chemistry and Mechanics" is subordinate to the Federal Service for Technical and Export Control (FSTEC of Russia).

The Federal State Unitary Enterprise TsNIICHM has deployed and operates a computing complex using cluster technologies, forecasting and analytic functions, preparation of documents on the implementation of federal target programs and development programs in the interests of FSTEC of Russia and enterprises of the defense industry complex of the country in terms of information protection. On the basis of forecasting studies and assessments , development of work in promising areas of science and technology and the creation of a new generation of technology based on innovative solutions is planned .

FSUE TsNIIKhM is the leading research organization of the Ministry of Defense of Russia, which is responsible, together with research organizations of the state customer and the Russian Academy of Rocket and Artillery Sciences, for research on shaping the development of ammunition, high-energy systems and structural materials for general purpose forces. The Institute provides scientific support, participation and support of work on standardization and metrology in the creation of new types of weapons, military and special equipment, as well as in the development of their mass production in accordance with the existing regulatory framework.

The State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation, the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Central Research Institute of Chemistry and Mechanics" (SSC RF FGUP "TsNIICHM") is the oldest research organization in the country. The institute dates back to 1894. It's birth is directly related to the development of the powder industry in Russia and the name of the great Russian chemist D.I. Mendeleev, who made an outstanding contribution to the development of this industry.

In November 1890, at the Okhta Powder Plant near St. Petersburg, as a result of the activities of the remarkable Russian chemists (V.V. Kalacheva, A.V. Sukhinsky, M.P. Fedorov and others), the production of smokeless pyroxylin powder began and the first pilot bulk was produced. powder weighing 382 pounds. In the same year, the first pyroxylin production plant in Russia was launched.

The creation of the powder industry in Russia was carried out by domestic experts on their own without the help of foreign scientists and engineers, despite the fact that smokeless pyroxylin powder was invented in the West several years earlier. The development of new production was associated with the emergence of a number of technical problems that could not be solved without special research.

Therefore, in September 1894, the Central Laboratory of the Okhta Plant was transformed into a Special Chemical Laboratory for the Study of Smokeless Powders. It was headed by senior chemist of the plant K. Regel. At the same time, the Testing Commission of the Okhta Powder Plant (IKPZ) was set up, headed by the famous powder-research scientist GP. Kisnemsky. In 1900, the Central Factory Laboratory was reorganized into the Main chemical laboratory Okhta powder factory.

In 1924, as a result of a merger with a capsule plant, the Okhta Powder Plant was transformed into the Central Pilot Plant named after Kh. Avdeeva in the system Vokhimtrest. The main chemical laboratory was reorganized into the Central Research and Control Laboratory - Central Research and Development Laboratory of the Okhta Plant.

In 1928, by the decision of the leadership of Vokhimtrest, the Central Research Institute of Metallurgy was transformed into the Central Research Laboratory (Central Research Laboratory) No. 84, which was directly subordinate to the Vokhmtrest of the USSR Heavy Industry Commissariat. The need for this was caused by a sharp increase in the volume of H IR carried out by the laboratory.

In September 1931, by the decision of the USSR Government, the Central Scientific Research Laboratory-84 was transformed into the Military Chemical Research Institute (VCNII) of the USSR People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry and transferred to Moscow, where by that time special laboratory buildings had been built and equipped, test facilities, testing grounds and experimental production facilities were built workshops.

In 1936, the VNRII was renamed Research Institute No. 6 (NII-6). On the basis of a special chemical laboratory Okhta gunpowder factory, engaged in the study of smokeless powders, the Institute as a scientific organization formed in 1936. Its first name in the status of a scientific research institute is the Military Chemical Research Institute (VNII) of the USSR People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry in Moscow.

In 1937, the VNRII was renamed Scientific Research Institute No. 6 (NII-6). For almost thirty years, NII-6 was one of the leading research institutes of the country's defense industry. His designs have made a significant contribution to the victory of Russian weapons in the Great Patriotic War. For many years, NII-6 was the only scientific organization in the country that provided the development and introduction of powders, explosives and products from them to supply the Red Army. In the invention of cumulative shells and grenades, the production of charges for the legendary "Katyush", anti-tank grenades with an incendiary mixture, a huge contribution of scientists and specialists of NII-6.

For fulfilling the tasks of the Government and in connection with the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 24, 1944, the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. Government awards were received by 78 of its employees.

In 1966, NII-6 received a new name - the Scientific Research Institute of Chemical Materials (NIICHM) of the USSR Ministry of Defense Industry. In 1969, a new stage in the life of the institute. On September 10, 1969, , by order of the Minister of Mechanical Engineering of the USSR V.V. Bakhirev, the institute received the status of the Central Research Institute of the industry of ammunition and special chemistry, becoming the Central Research Institute of Chemistry and Mechanics (TSNIIHM) of the USSR Ministry of Machine-Building.

As a central institute, TsNIIKhM successfully accomplished two major tasks: it developed and implemented a program-target method for planning the development of weapons and military equipment and controlling the industry using tier ideology and created an advanced scientific background in the main areas of ammunition and special chemistry. An important role was played by the expert function of the institute, which contributed to the selection of the best technical solutions, the reduction of development time and the elimination of parallelism of work.

For achievements in 1982, Central Research Institute of Chemical Technology was awarded the Order of the October Revolution. Government awards were received by 311 employees of the institute. The institute made a worthy contribution to the training of personnel for enterprises of the defense industries and the formation of the industry of ammunition and special chemistry. A high level of research was provided by broad cooperation with the institutes of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and the leading universities of the country. During this period, about 98 academic institutions and 126 higher educational institutions of the country cooperated with the institute. During the existence of scientific schools, the sources of which were outstanding scientists D.I. Mendeleev, Yu.B. Khariton, Ya.B. Zeldovich, M.A. Lavrentiev, B.P. Zhukov, hundreds of doctors and candidates of science were trained, with the participation of specialists from TsNIIHM, new research teams were formed, among them JSC “Federal Research and Technical Center“ Altai ”, JSC“ GosNII “Crystal”, JSC “TsNB” and others.

In 1994, the company was granted the status of the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation. During the 1990s, the institute, like the whole country, experienced serious difficulties. Due to the sharp cuts in defense funding, the focus was on the development of civilian products. In 2005, the FSUE TsNIICHM was transferred to departmental subordination to the Federal Service for Technical and Export Control (FSTEC of Russia). This decision was the reason for a radical restructuring of work, including the organization of new areas of research, updating personnel, a radical modernization of the research and production and technological base.

In 2008, work was resumed postgraduate and doctoral studies in five scientific specialties. A basic contribution to the training of young scientific personnel is made by the base department of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology organized at the institute, leading training in modern scientific fields, as well as joint laboratories with the Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State Technical University. N.E. Bauman, MAI and other universities.

Since 2009, the institute served as the head organization of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation in the field of promising weapons, including the latest types of ammunition, rocket fuels, gunpowder and explosive compositions, and conducts systematic research on key areas of weapons improvement. To date, itfound scientific and technical solutions that are competitive with the best foreign models.

As part of the Federal Target Program “Development of Nanoindustry Infrastructure in the Russian Federation for 2008-2011”, one of the country's largest nanotechnology research center was established at the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Central Research Institute of Metrology and Research.

In 2014, the institute celebrated its 120th anniversary. The institute was awarded a Diploma of Honor of the Government of the Russian Federation for a major contribution to the development and production of special-purpose products, to strengthening the country's defense capability.

Today, the institute, being the basic element of the scientific component of the FSTEC of Russia, remaining at the forefront of military scientific thought, continues to solve tasks in the interests of national defense and state security, confidently increasing its scientific and technical potential.

Design Bureau of Applied Mechanics [KBPM] is focused on the creation and production of space technology, space materials and technologies, as well as the creation and reconstruction of space infrastructure, including ground-based reception, processing and storage of space information, participation in ground tests, preparation for launch, flight control and use (use) of space objects on target purpose. This entity should not be confused with the Design Bureau of Applied Mechanics (KBPM), headed by Mikhail Fedorovich Reshetnev, created as a branch of OKB-1 in 1959.

The Special Design Office is focused on the solution of scientific and technical problems in the field of creating robotic complexes of sea and air basing and small-scale production of developed experimental samples. The Ammunition and Special Chemistry Center works on methods and technologies for producing a wide range of explosive materials based on high-performance energy-saturated components for a new generation of powders, solid rocket fuels, explosives and pyrotechnic compositions. Development and production of ammunition and their components.

Basic Department of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT) - “Advanced Technologies for Security Systems” - was established at the FSUE “TsNIICHM” in 2005 and belongs to the Faculty of Aerophysics and Space Research of the Moscow Physical- Technical Institute. The basic organization of the department is the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Central Research Institute of Chemistry and Mechanics" (FGUP "TsNIIHM").

The department trains specialists and participates in research in the following main areas:

- promising rocket and space technologies; - sea-based and air-based robots; - new nano- and microstructured materials; - technologies of microelectromechanical systems; - nanostructured high-energy materials.

The main part of the students, while still in the process of learning, participates in the R & D conducted and works in the FSUE “TsNIIHM”. Graduates of the department work in the field of high technologies on the basis of research organizations and enterprises FSTEC of Russia. The Institute maintains creative relations with leading universities of the country - NRNU MEPI, MAI, MSTU. NE Bauman, RHTU them. D.I. Mendeleev, within the framework of which the personnel is trained, joint scientific and technical projects are carried out.