ANT-15 (DI-3) two-seat fighter
Since the end of the 20s and until the beginning of the Second World War, practically all the leading aviation powers of the world actively designed and built two-seat fighters.
Single fighter, having a small-arms armament, capable of hitting targets only in the front hemisphere, remains defenseless from behind. In the case of an attack of a single-seater double or multi-seat, a single-seat could not oppose them with anything but a repeated attack on a maneuver. It was assumed that the double fighter in its actions, launching an attack by the front firing points, will continue its rear. Thus, the effectiveness of a single attack was greatly increased, and this was particularly true of attacks of less maneuverable and more tenacious targets, such as bombers and transport planes. When performing escort missions, the double fighter had an advantage over the single in the organization of defensive fire of a group of aircraft.
TsAGI received the technical requirements for the single-engine two-seater fighter DI-3, which received the internal designation ANT-15, in a letter from U V VS in March 1930. It was proposed to design an all-metal biplane for the M-34 engine. The project was tentatively considered, but due to the overload of the heavy aircraft design bureau, it was not possible to complete this task. Then the order was transferred to TsKB, where under the same name DI-3 the plane was designed by a team of D. Grigorovich and built in a prototype. However, in contrast to the Tupolev DI-3, the TsKB aircraft was a traditional mixed design and had a BMW VI engine of lesser power.
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