HISAR / T-LALAMIDS / T-MALAMIDS
HISAR [Citadel] missiles are defence weapons developed to protect military bases, ports, facilities and troops against threats from the air. Their targets are military aircraft, attack helicopters, navigation missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles. HISAR missiles present a modular structure with the integrity of a family and are designed to be compatible with different platform integrations.
President of Defence Industries, Prof Ismail Demir, attended a television interview 18 February 2021. Demir gave details about Turkish air defence systems. The HISAR (Fortress) is a family of short-range to long-range surface-to-air missile systems developed by ASELSAN and ROKETSAN since 2007. It consists of the HISAR-A low altitude air defence system, HISAR-O medium-range air defence system and HISAR-U (renamed as Siper) (Trench) long-range air defence system.
Demir indicated that today’s portfolio is more comprehensive than the initial plans. “We have upgraded versions of Hisar A and Hisar O. We have Hisar A+ and Hisar O +”, Demir explained. Defining the programme as a voyage towards Siper, Demir implied that they benefitted from former experiences. “Siper will be vertically launched like Hisar A and Hisar O, as it will have a two-stage rocket engine (editor’s note: booster + rocket engine). Siper will have Active Radar Homing (ARH) and Imaging Infra-Red (IIR) Seeker. It is a voyage. Siper will be in the inventory by 2023. Demir also stated that further works will be carried out to intercept ballistic missiles at higher altitude.
Active radar homing (ARH) is a missile guidance method. A missile contains a radar transceiver (in contrast to semi-active radar homing, which uses only a receiver) and the electronics necessary to find and track its target autonomously. NATO brevity code for an air-to-air active radar homing missile launch is Fox Three.
Infrared homing is a passive weapon guidance system which uses the infrared (IR) light emission from a target to track and follow it. Missiles which use infrared seeking are often referred to as “heat-seekers” since infrared is radiated strongly by hot bodies. Many objects such as people, vehicle engines and aircraft generate and emit heat and are especially visible in the infrared wavelengths of light compared to items in the background. NATO brevity code for an air-to-air active radar homing missile launch is Fox Two.
Missile tests of Hisar-A begun in 2013, and Hisar-O commenced in 2014, Siper will use ASELSAN’s early warning radar to identify targets.
At the 12th international exhibition International Defense Industry Fair 2015 (IDEF-2015) held in Istanbul (Turkey) on May 5-8, 2015, Aselsan, Turkey, for the first time introduced the Hisar anti-aircraft missile system developed by the company as a general contractor under a contract issued in 2011 by the defense industry department (Savunma Sanayii Müstesarligi - SSM) of the Turkish Ministry of Defense. Both vertical launch rockets with a two-stage solid-propellant rocket engine have a high degree of commonality of construction and use the radio command guidance system on the march section of the trajectory and infrared homing - in the final section. The rockets have a single infrared guidance developed by Aselsan, a single high-explosive fragmentation warhead (developed by the TUBITAK Sage Institute) and a fuse.
The Turkish Undersecretariat for Defence Industries (SSM) commissioned the development of the HISAR under the T-LALAMIDS and T-MALAMIDS (for short and medium-range SAM, respectively) in June 2011. Turkey's leading military electronics company Aselsan and the Undersecretariat for Defence Industries, or SSM, have signed two major contracts for the development of indigenous low and medium altitude air defence missile systems.
Request for proposal for the low level air defence system (T-LALADMIS) was first issued by SSM in September 2008, and entails the procurement of 18 self-propelled, armored air defence systems, support and training equipment, maintenance tools, spare parts and other relevant services and documents required for the efficient operation of the systems. An option also exists for 27 additional such systems in the immediate future.
Also awarded to Aselsan was a medium-range air defence system development program, dubbed T-MALADMIS, and it entailed direct procurement of one medium altitude air defense missile system composed of one battalion headquarters and headquarters company and three batteries, each of which has a sufficient amount of launchers, missiles, radars, command-control and communication systems and other support equipment.
The development cost of the short-range HISAR-A (15 km) and HISAR-O (25 km) is reportedly $332 million US and $255 million US, respectively. The HISAR-A short-range SAM was tested in 2013 and was slotted to enter service in 2017. The HISAR-O is expected to enter service with the Turkish armed forces in 2020.
| HISAR Missile Family Development Studies | ||
 |
| |
HISAR is a family of short-range surface to air infrared homing missile systems developed by Aselsan and Roketsan since 2007. It consists of the HISAR-A [Alçak Irtifa Hava Savunma Füze Sistemi] low attitude air defense system and HISAR-O [Orta Irtifa Hava Savunma Füze Sistemi] medium range air defence system. The HISAR missile family is intended to target aircraft, helicopters, cruise missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles. Rocketsan developed the missile system, while Aselsan developed radar, control systems and vehicles to carry, control and launch the missiles.
The short-range HISAR-A is a GBAD system that will provide air defence for moving troops and stationary critical assets against fixed- and rotary-wing platform, UAVs and air-to-ground missiles. The HISAR-0 offers wider coverage with a maximum intercept range of eight nautical miles (15km), a maximum engagement altitude of 16000ft (5000m) and a maximum range of 13.4nm (25km). The IHSAR-A/O missiles have been designed to feature a high level of commonality including their vertical launch configuration, motor, datalink and IIR terminal guidance. The missiles feature dual-pulse solid rocket motor, midcourse inertial navigation and data link, and terminal guidance using an imaging infrared seeker.
The HISAR-A Aselsan Air defense missile system mounted on a self-propelled armored vehicle would be fully autonomous by means of 3D radar, Electro-Optic system, command control and fire control. The ACV-30 armored vehicle can carry 4 rocket tubes, along with a three-dimensional helicopter scanner, At the edition 2015 of IDEF, the International Defense Exhibition in Turkey, Aselsan representative told Army Recognition that three prototypes of the Hisar-A system have been completed, with delivery of the first systems to the Turkish military for qualification planned for 2017.
The medium range variant of the system, called "Hisar-0", with a maximum range of 25 kilometers, with a the Mercedez-Benz 2733 automobile chassis with a 6x6 wheel arrangement capable of carrying six missiles. The HISAR-O is powered by a dual-pulse solid-propellant rocket. The HISAR-O’s guidance suite is comprised of an inertial navigation system (INS) supported by mid-course guidance corrections from a surface radar via data-link. Once close enough to the target, the HISAR switches to its imaging infrared (IIR) seeker. Kalkan 3D domestic radar is used as the main search radar for Medium Altitude SAM project.
The Hisar-O’s first unarmed test was in 2014 in Aksaray. Roketsan successfully test-fired its HISAR-O medium-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) syste in Aksaray in central Turkey on 03 December 2016. Roketsan’s test was witnessed by Turkey’s Minister of National Defence, Fikri Isik, who praised Aselsan, Roketsan, and Havelsan for their collaborative efforts and success in the HISAR SAM program.
The tests of the HISAR systems were carried out in December 2017 in Aksaray, a central Anatolian city, by Turkish defense contractors ASELSAN and ROKETSAN with the participation of the Undersecretariat of Defense Industries and representatives of the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK). A steep-trajectory firing was carried out for the first time from the HISAR systems, while their 360-degrees protection was also tested successfully. Flight and ballistic tests were also carried out.
Turkey conducted a successful test flight of its HISAR-A short-range, low-altitude air defense missile system on 01 February 2018. The test was carried out in the central Aksaray province by the manufacturers, Roketsan and Aselsan, Turkey’s leading defense contractors, state-run Anadolu Agency reported, citing a defense ministry statement. The statement said the HISAR missile project, managed by the Defense Industry Undersecretariat, was designed to meet the needs of the Turkish Land Forces Command. According to Anadolu, the missile was fired from a launch system, flew programmed manuveres and the flight completed after the “second pulse engine” was fired.
Delivery of the first systems to the Turk Kara Kuvvetleri (Turkish Army) for qualification is planned for 2017. Development and company trials of both HISAR missiles are expected to be completed by 2018.
| 360° Effective Area with the Capability of Vertical Launch | ||
| Maximum Effectiveness with Dual Stage Rocket Motor | ||
| Midcourse Guidance Via Rf Data Link | ||
| Terminal Guidance with IIR Seeker | ||
| Multiplatform Integration Interface | ||
| Hybrid Control System | ||
| HISAR-A | HISAR-O | |
| Maximum Range | 15 km | 25 km (at Sea Level) |
| Minimum range | 2 km | 3 km |
| Minimum Altitude | 30 m | 50 m |
| Maximum Altitude | 5 km | 10 km |
| Launcher | 4 missiles | 6 missiles |
| Warhead | High Explosive Fragment | |
| Guidance/Seeker |
| |
| Rocket Motor | Dual Pulse Solid Propellant | |
| Types of Target |
| |
| Common Sub-systems |
| |
| Technological Commonality |
| |
| Common Missile Interface |
| |
HISAR
HISAR-O
HISAR-O
|
NEWSLETTER
|
| Join the GlobalSecurity.org mailing list |
|
|
|
