Marine Diesel Propulsion
Ships powered by diesel engines include: Anshan class destroyer, Type 054 frigate, Type 054A frigate, Type 071 amphibious landing ship, Type 075 amphibious assault ship. Diesel engines have the advantages of wide power coverage, high efficiency, high reliability, and low fuel consumption. However, they also have the problems of insufficient power, large volume, and large noise, which are not conducive to anti-submarine. Most small and medium-sized ships use high-speed diesel engines. Large ships such as amphibious assault ships, dock landing ships, integrated supply ships, and electronic reconnaissance ships use high-power medium-speed diesel engines.
The Anshan-class destroyers are Type 6607 warships purchased and imported from the Soviet Union by China in the early 1950s under the "June 4th Agreement". There are four types of destroyers in the Chinese Navy's equipment series. This class of ship is equipped with two 12PA68TC diesel engines, each with a power of 8,000 horsepower. This type of ship has also long been retired.
At present, the Type 054 and Type 054A frigates use the 16PA6 v-280 STC diesel engine of the French Piersick Company. This type of diesel engine is a medium and high-speed diesel engine produced by China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation with French patents. The maximum speed is 1050 rpm. The power is 7000 horsepower, 054 type, 054A type are equipped with 4 sets, the total power of diesel engine is 28000 horsepower. The 054 type only produced 2 ships, and the 054A type produced 30 ships. It is rumored that the second batch of construction has started, and 20 ships will be built. Can the power system adopt an integrated electric propulsion system?
The Type 071 dock landing ship also uses the 16PC2-6MPC medium-speed diesel engine of the French Pearsick Company, with a maximum speed of 520 rpm, a maximum power of 12,000 horsepower, and 4 units for a total of 28,000 horsepower. The first ship of the Type 071 is 998 Kunlun. The mountain entered service on November 30, 2007, with a batch of 1+2+1+2+2 into the army. There are now a total of 8 ships. The East China Sea Fleet served three ships and the South China Sea Fleet served five ships.
The Chinese Navy's new-generation amphibious assault ship Type 075 is also an imitation of the French 16PC2-6B low-speed diesel engine. The machine has a cylinder diameter of 400 mm, a piston stroke of 500 mm, a speed of 600 rpm, a single cylinder power of 750 kilowatts, a number of cylinders, and a maximum sustainable power of about 16,000 horsepower. It also has 4 units with a total power of 64,000 horsepower. The Type 075 amphibious assault ship is the first to build three ships. The ship has been in service, the sea trial ship, and the launch ship. The first ship "Hainan" served in the South China Sea Fleet with ship number 31. The second batch has been built, and the number is unknown.
The Chinese Navy's ships using CODOS [combined diesel or steam] are Type 051B and 051C destroyers. The Shenzhen Ship No. 167, launched in 1997, was named Type 051B because it was declared and approved as a modification of Type 051 in the context of major disarmament in the 1990s. But in fact it is a brand new design, and has nothing to do with the old 051 type. As the first domestically-made large-scale ship above 6,000 tons, when domestic-made naval gas turbines were unable to break through the technical bottleneck, the only option available at that time was the improved type 453B of the Type 453 steam turbine used by the Type 051 Luda-class destroyer. After modification, the volume is reduced, the degree of automation is improved, the thermal efficiency is improved, and the amount of smoke is reduced. The 051B type uses diesel-steam alternate power. It uses two fuel-efficient MTU12V1163TB83 diesel engines with fast acceleration during low-speed cruising, with a continuous power of 8840 horsepower, and two 453B steam turbines at high speed, with a single power of 47000 horsepower and a total power of 74000 horsepower. Due to various reasons, only one type of 051 was built. The 051C type 115/116 destroyer launched in 2004-2005 also adopted the same diesel-steam power system as the 051B destroyer when the UGT25000 gas turbine imported from Ukran had a small number and the domestic imitation was unsuccessful.
The domestic destroyers Type 052 (No. 112, No. 113), Type 052B (No. 168, 169) and Type 052C (No. 170, No. 171) using imported diesel-fuel Combined diesel or gas (CODOG). In combined diesel or gas turbine (CODOG) systems every propeller has one diesel and one gas turbine for high speeds. Gas turbine or diesel engine can only run separately because of the simple gear arrangement. This requires a bigger gas turbine for the same peak power demand and generally used in military ships which need much higher speeds then their cruising speeds. There are also electric systems used in marine propulsion. In these systems engines turn the generator which power electric motors to drive the propeller shaft or pods. They take less space and they can deploy special propulsors such as azimuth thrusters or pods for improved maneuverability and station-keeping ability. Precise control of the electrical propulsion motors controlled by frequency converters.
In the 1980s, when Sino-U.S. relations were in a state of close proximity, five LM2500 gas turbines from General Dynamics were imported from the United States. Except for one set for training and experimentation, the other four were installed on the 052 destroyer No. 112 and The No. 113 ship, and two 12V1163 diesel engines of German MTU, constitute China's first diesel-fueled alternative power (CODOG) method. Since the LM2500 series gas turbines were officially put into use in the early 1970s, more than 2,000 units (including industrial and naval vessels) have been sold, occupying most of the world's ship gas turbines. The main surface battleships of the US Navy use this aircraft except for aircraft carriers. The LM2500 gas turbine has a box size of 8X2.65X3.09 meters, a weight of 22 meters, a single power of 27,500 horsepower, and two 052 models with a total power of 55,000 horsepower.
The four destroyers 168, 169, 170, and 171 built in the new century are all based on the Type 052. The hull is enlarged, using stealth and modular design, and developed into two types, called Type 052B and Type 052B. Type 052C. The two types are also not related in any way, but are two different ship types built almost at the same time, using the same hull and power system. Only because the original LM2500 gas turbine was embargoed by the West, the power system of these two types of expelled engines used the UGT25000 gas turbine imported from Ukraine. The UGT25000 gas turbine was designed by the Sugon Scientific and Production Consortium of Ukraine. In 1993, China and Ukraine signed the UGT-25000 Gas Turbine Production License and Single Unit Sales Contract. According to the contract, Uganda will sell 10 UGT-25000 gas turbines to China and transfer related technologies for localization in China. Because the UGT-25000 gas turbine's air flow, volume, and weight are greater than that of the LM-2500, it cannot be directly used for the Type 052 follow-up destroyer, so China has developed the 052 modified destroyer that uses it as a power system. Of the 10 UGT25000 gas turbines purchased back, two of the 052B and 052C were installed on each of the four ships, leaving two for spare. The UGT25000 gas turbine has a box size of 9X2.8 3.5 meters, weighs 25 meters, and has a single power of 33,000 horsepower. Two UGT25000 gas turbines and two German MTU20V956 diesel engines form the 052B and 052C power systems.
Diesel engines have low fuel consumption but low power. Gas turbines have high fuel consumption and high power. In order to solve this contradiction, researchers invented a diesel-fueled alternative power (CODOG) system. At the same time, diesel engines and gas turbines were installed on the ship. It is driven by a combination of diesel and gas turbines at high speeds. The domestic destroyer Type 052C follow-up ship, Type 052D and Type 052 DL which adopt domestically-made diesel-fuel alternate power (CODOG).
In the 1990s, the Chinese Navy only built two Type 052 (No. 112/113) and one Type 051B (No. 167) destroyers. In the 2000s, two Type 052B, Type 052C and Type 051C were built. There are 9 destroyers, but there are 5 models. This shows how distressed the Chinese naval engine is. For this reason, the Ukrainian UGT-25000 was introduced and the localization work was carried out immediately. After more than ten years of hard work, we have been working on it. After the series was adapted to the improvement of Chinese warships, the domestic-made G T25000 gas turbines for ships entered mass production. The Navy also ended the long-term so-called "small steps and fast running" development and started a dumpling-like shipbuilding frenzy. Since 2010 By 2021, the second batch of 4 052C, 13 052D and 12 055 052DL will use domestic gas turbines. In terms of power, the mature system of 052C is still used, that is, two domestically produced UGT-25000 gas turbines and two domestically produced MTU20V956 diesel engines.
Combined gas turbine and gas turbine (COGAG) system, specifically, the ship uses only gas turbines as power, without diesel engines as auxiliary power.COGAG, combined gas and gas turbine has two different kinds of gas turbines with different power. Turbines are run at their design conditions and maximum efficiency is supplied at different cruising speeds. At full power both turbines run at the same time. Type 055 is equipped with 4 GT25000 gas turbines, that is, four units are connected in parallel to drive the main shaft and auxiliary propellers. Four gas turbines are fully turned on at high speed, and only two or two are turned on at low speed. This is the first time that a Chinese warship has adopted such a power system.
At this point, the Chinese Navy's ship power system has entered the phases of alternate diesel-fueled power (CODOG) and combined gas-fueled power (COGAG), allowing Chinese capital ships to completely get rid of the "heart disease" that has plagued them for many years. After all, they can produce high-power naval ships. The only foreign countries for steam turbines are General Electric Company of the United States, Rolls-Royce Company of the United Kingdom and Sugon Machinery Manufacturing Company of Ukraine.
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