Type 051 Luda - Program
Destroyer research began in the late-fifties at the Seventh Academy. In the early 1960s, when the design plan for a domestic missile destroyer was just put forward, it coincided with the deterioration of Sino-Soviet relations and three years of natural disasters. The Chinese navy could only develop in the "four major pieces" (main engine, main gun, steel, missile). and began a long road to develop the first generation of China-made guided missile destroyer.
For the most part, the Chinese lacked any expertise in developing a guided missile destroyer. The technology of producing a guided missile system on a destroyer was primarily developed by the No. 701, No. 713 Institute and the Third Academy of the Seventh MMB. Eventually, the Chinese developed an effective scheme to equip its destroyers with guided missiles. By the mid-sixties, the No. 701 Institute, which was under the auspices of the Seventh Academy, began developing a first-generation guided missile destroyer. The destroyer's standards were to have 3,000 tons of displacement or more and to be powered by steam power. The destroyer would be armed with both 130mm and 57mm guns, depth charges, sonar, and radar.
In June 1967, the State Planning Commission, the National Defense Office, and the National Defense Science and Technology Commission reviewed and approved the overall technical design plan for the first-generation missile destroyer, and immediately began overall construction design and equipment development. In 1968, the first 051 ship was built at the Dalian Shipyard. During the construction period, 22 provinces and municipalities across the country and more than 10 industrial ministries.
The affiliated factories and research institutes undertook 732 items of materials and 1,240 items of supporting equipment, including more than 110 items of newly developed equipment. The 701st, 713th, and 7th Institutes of the Seventh Ministry of the Ministry of Machinery conducted multiple feasibility demonstrations in order to solve the problem of missile boarding. In December 1968, the research and design department worked with Dalian Shipyard to temporarily install ship-to-ship missiles on the destroyers in active service. According to the requirements of the navy and the comparison and optimization of various schemes, the final design of the "product zigzag", triple mount, and direct hoisting of the missile was designed by Xie Xianzhang and Yao Yuebin. At the same time, it broke the way that the launching device and the missile loading device were separately installed at that time, and the design scheme of compact structure, small occupation area, convenient operation and short loading time was selected.
For a country that never had experience in destroyer construction, it was possible to follow the norms and precedents is the most effective way to reduce risk. Before the breakdown of Sino-Soviet relations, the two countries were in talks to introduce Soviet Kotlin class destroyers (Type 56 destroyers). When the relations between the two countries broke down completely and the Soviet Union began to withdraw experts, the technical drawings of some Kotlin-class destroyers have been transferred to China. In the late 1960s, when China began designing "Luda" class destroyers, these technical data became the only and most valuable reference, and facts proved that China had not completely copied the "Kotlin" class ships.
The "Kotlin" class destroyer is a destroyer that the Soviet Navy pursued offshore defense and covered the army's coastal flanks for combat missions, so it was not suitable for ocean navigation in terms of airworthiness and habitability. The Chinese coastline is not blocked by the ice floes and permanent ice margins of the Soviet Union. It is an unfrozen sea area with a wide range of latitudes from north to south, from the Zengmu shoal near the equator to more than 42° north latitude for activities in the North Pacific Ocean.
Therefore, "Brigade" class needs to have performance suitable for various sea areas. The "Brigade" class has a front and rear bridge that is much larger than the "Kotlin" class in order to be able to install more equipment and have greater space inside the hull. In order to avoid the impact of various climates and sea conditions on duty. The deck house in front of the rear chimney is equipped with a spare bridge and steering room to prevent the destruction of the main ship bridge communication and navigation steering and other institutions, the entire ship loses its command In addition, the "Brigade" class has a greater displacement than the "Kotlin" class. The 051-type "Brigade" class destroyer with sea control operations as the main mission determines the Haiying-1 anti-ship missile system. When the 1970 "Brigade" When the "large" class destroyer is in service, its anti-ship combat capability has surpassed that of the battleships of the 1940s. The ship's six 6-meter "Sea Eagle" type 1 anti-ship missiles with a range of 50 kilometers can be used in large-caliber naval guns 2 times the range, completely destroy all types of surface ship targets.
In early 1965, China, which had mastered the technology of atomic bomb manufacturing, was determined to develop intercontinental missiles, but the range of this type of missile is beyond the scope of China ’s land and territory. Once a live ammunition test is conducted, it must be fired into the far sea. However, the data measurement and flight attitude observation of intercontinental missiles are not accurate enough if they are measured by ground radio alone, and they must dispatch a marine survey ship. To this end, on December 15, 1970, Premier Zhou Enlai of the State Council chaired a central meeting to discuss the development of ocean-going survey ships.
The plan was obstructed by Lin Biao and the Gang of Four. Zhang Chunqiao accused the military of wasting national money to build a series of ships including surveying ships, escort destroyers, and supply ships, and the military reasoned to emphasize the launch of intercontinental missiles and the future. The measurement and control of launching satellites all require ocean-going survey ships, and the intercontinental missile test is bound to be launched into the ocean. Without warship escort, it is impossible to be vigilant. If the warhead is not fixed, it will be snatched by foreigners. In the end, the Central Military Commission decided to start "718 Engineering", the development of warships related to the intercontinental missile test, this decision also prompted the Chinese military shipbuilding industry to a higher level.
In 1971, when Lin Biao fled the "9.13" incident, Lin Biao's party failed to fly from Beijing by helicopter, and the public security department seized the drawings of the "718 Project" in the briefcase carried by him. The ranks of "project" have caused the project to be interrupted for more than a year. Later, the project approved by Chairman Mao was reborn. By the eve of the missile test in 1980, all ship types involved in the "718 Project" had been in service.
In order to meet the needs of the intercontinental launch vehicle maritime test escort mission, in 1966, the National Defense Science and Technology Commission and the National Defense Industry Office organized the six-machine department, the navy, relevant industries and research institutes to carry out a type-ship demonstration for the 051 destroyer according to the relevant decisions of the Central Military Commission And design research. In April 1967, the 64th Standing Committee of the Central Military Commission approved the "Three Five Plan for Naval Equipment Research." Since then, the development of the missile destroyer and its various supporting equipment has been included in the national plan, and the work has been officially launched. The overall technical design and revisions after the review were completed that year, and finally the overall plan was formed.
This type of ship has a strong attack capability on the sea, a large endurance, and has a strong anti-submarine and air defense capabilities. The ship is equipped with high-parameter high-power steam power equipment, equipped with missile weapon systems, artillery weapon systems, anti-submarine weapon systems, as well as sonar, radar, communications, navigation equipment and combat command and weapon control systems. This was the largest tonnage surface combat ship developed by China at that time. Li Fuli and Pan Jingfu of the 701 Research Institute were in charge of the design work of the ship. After completing the technical design in 1967, the same construction design began in May. December 31, 1971, 051 ship system (later named the destroyer Jinan 105) in Dalian Shipyard officially delivered troops, when he was captain Liu Zhanggeng. In 1971, Shanghai Zhonghua Shipyard also started construction of the Type 051 ship for the East China Sea Fleet. The chief builder was Lin Zhenguang, which was delivered in 1977.
During the construction process, the Chinese shipyard Yao Yanxin and the 711 Research Institute cooperated to improved the ship's boiler, improve the thermal performance, increase the evaporation, improve the steam quality, and reduce the fuel consumption. In April 1975, the test speed reached and exceeded the design target, 1.95 knots higher than the same type of ship already built, reaching a record speed of 37.95 knots.
This type of ship power station uses steam turbine generator set and diesel generator set as power station power. After research, representatives from Zhonghua Shipyard, 701 Research Institute and the stationed army have trial-produced 51 monitoring devices, effectively changing the automatic parallel operation of the generator set.
The water device has been improved. An automatic control circuit is used to directly control the vacuum intake valve instead of the original vacuum manual control valve. The vacuum stability difference is increased by 4 times, and the water production output and quality are increased to 55 tons per day of qualified fresh water. And exceeded the design daily output, to meet the voyage water.
In 1975, the 7551 Sealed Packing Box Research Group was formed by 708 Research Institute, Zhonghua Shipyard, and 701 Research Institute. In 1977, the actual ship test was cast and the sealing performance was good. Zhonghua Shipyard and 704 Research Institute jointly developed a fin stabilizer device. After 150 hours of no-load, 100 hours of loading and various special tests, the performance is good. In January 1982, the ship was loaded, and a 6-level sea situation anti-sway test was carried out in the Zhoushan waters to meet the design requirements. All technical performance indicators can be comparable to similar foreign devices. The plant has improved the rudder of the ship, greatly improving the reliability of use and ensuring the safety of navigation. It is also a precedent among similar ships and is welcomed by the army. The coating of the ship firstly improved the quality of shot peening and rust removal. The epoxy zinc-rich primer was used in key parts such as the ship's shell and the oil and water tank of the whole ship, all of which reached the technical standards.
In 1977, Zhonghua Shipyard accepted another type of missile destroyer. It was launched on the berth in December 1977, launched in November 1978, and delivered to the Navy in March 1980. In May 1980, the ship participated in the launching test of the oceanic intercontinental missile and served as the commander of the escort formation command ship, making its first voyage to the South Pacific. The voyage lasts for 1 month and the voyage is about 10,000 nautical miles.
Another 051Z command ship built by the China Shipyard was started in June 1979. It was launched on the berth in January 1980 and launched in September 1981. On December 26, 1984, he was formally signed to serve in the army. The 051Z guided missile destroyer was approved by the National Quality Award Verification Committee and won the National Silver Award.
In the early 1980s, with the approval of the State Council and the Central Military Commission, the ship-to-ship modernization and development of improved models. In 1983, the Seventh Academy organized 701, 709, 716 and 724 to conduct a demonstration of the improved carrier-based combat system for the 051-type guided missile destroyer. 701 was the main technical responsibility unit. The main equipment of the 673-type combat intelligence command system of the improved missile destroyer was successfully conducted the land docking joint debugging test in December 1986, and then installed on the improved missile destroyer. 724 broke through the dual-beam planar array antenna and all-solid-state forward wave transmitter technology, and used computer-centric frequency agility and digital dynamic national standard display to develop 381 A-phase scanning three-coordinate airborne warning radar Radar has the characteristics of strong anti-interference ability, high power, high efficiency, strong signal adaptability and compact structure. It has domestic advanced level and won the first prize of national scientific and technological progress award.
The State Council and CMC modernized its fleet of first generation destroyers by retrofitting them with new technology to improve their combat systems. Emphasis was placed on the electronics and the development of a combat-intelligence-command system. Improvements to the ships were made in the Dalian shipyard in 1987, which resulted in improved weapon systems, living conditions, and most significantly in electronic counter measures. The newly improved destroyers were made available to the PLAN in 1989.
The Dalian Shipyard started construction and was delivered to the Navy in December 1989. During this period, the Chinese military had planned to cooperate with foreign countries to transform the Type 051 missile destroyer. Due to various reasons, this plan could not be realized. The Central Military Commission decided to transfer the special funds originally planned for cooperation with foreign countries to the relevant industrial departments for development. Funding, the National Defense Science and Industry Commission immediately arranged a research and development plan to China National Shipbuilding Corporation and various relevant industrial departments, which is the Type 052 destroyer.
|
NEWSLETTER
|
| Join the GlobalSecurity.org mailing list |
|
|
|
