Type 065 Jiangnan-class Frigates - Armament
The main gun of the Type 65 frigate is a 100 mm gun disassembled from the shore defense position, and the secondary gun is 4 37 Mm cannon. Since there are 3 main guns, 4 auxiliary guns and 2 double 14.5 mm machine guns to be deployed, the ship's weapon location plan has been discussed many times. Especially for the arrangement of the main guns, one kind of view thinks that there should be two fronts and one back, and one thinks that there should be one front and two backs. The former thinks that two artillery are behind. If the ship chases the other ship, it will affect the firepower of the entire ship. On the other hand, it is believed that in practice, there has not been a case where the ships of both sides chased in a straight line.
Both sides of the naval warfare strive to maintain their favorable side angles so that the firepower can be exerted through their own maneuvers. Japanese and French ships also have precedents in this layout. The designer also has another consideration-the hull is a long forebuilding type, and the hull fore type has a high depth. If the front 2 and 1 rear layout is adopted, the No. 1 gun at the bow is located on the upper deck, and the No. 2 gun is on the upper building deck. In order to avoid the cover of the No. 2 gun, the bridge will also increase accordingly, which will cause the ship's center of gravity to rise and stability to decline.
In the end, the design used by the 65 ship has the main guns with a front range of 1 to 2 and a rear range of 45 to 315 degrees. The four sub-guns are diamond-shaped, with 14.5mm machine guns at the rear of both sides. However, it should be noted that the layout of the ship's main guns using the front 2 and 1 rear may be better. After all, artillery warships have a higher probability of meeting the enemy in the front hemisphere. With this layout, if the full ship firepower is to be used, it must inevitably face the enemy with the side of the hull, thereby increasing the bombarded surface, and some small and medium-sized surface ships in the artillery era. The layout is similar to that of the front, back, and 2 because the main attack weapon is a torpedo. After the torpedo attack, the ship generally leaves the vicinity of the target at a high speed. At this time, the rear artillery can naturally play the biggest role. The Chinese Navy also has torpedo boats with only stern machine guns. It is also a tactic of concealed access and high-speed detachment. However, as a type of frigate that performs daily patrol tasks, such departments are not the most suitable.
The anti-submarine firepower of the Type 65 frigate can be considered to be strong. The stern has four 64-type 432 mm deep projectiles. The bow has two 1200 rocket deep projectile launchers. The countries and regions around the South China Sea do not have much submarine power. The reason for this configuration in anti-submarine may be more to deal with American submarines that often inhabit the South China Sea. In the 1970s, the Chinese Navy did find US nuclear submarines offshore using hunting submarines equipped with such weapon systems and forced them to surface. The 64-type deep projectile cannon is symmetrically configured on the side, which can be used as a supplement to rocket anti-submarine, and can also be used in combination with the stern deep projectile launcher.
Its firing gun is fixed at a 45-degree elevation angle and cannot be swiveled. There are 3 types of side attack distances of 40, 80, and 120 meters. The 62-type deep ammunition charge equivalent to 135 kg TNT is used by the "Shenlian-1". The fuze detonated, with a stern Dalian string bomb and a continuous attack on the side. Because the production of Type 62 deep bombs is very large, the cost of this submarine attack method is relatively low.
The 1200 system was China's most outstanding anti-submarine weapon at the time. It used two 65-type, 5-pack 250 mm rocket deep-firing cannons (similar to the Soviet RBU-1200) and 62 rocket deep-bombs (compared with the aforementioned 62-type deep bombs). Different), the maximum range of the projectile has reached more than 1,000 meters, and after the improved type of the projectile, the dive speed is also increased by about 2 times than that of the projectile deep projectile.
Use a timed fuse for 10 volleys. However, when the 65-type ship was in service, the system was not equipped with a deep-bomb commander. It could only rely on a firing table to achieve submarine attack without a commander, and the height and low angle of the firing gun could be adjusted, but it could not rotate and attack submarine. The ship needs to be maneuvered, and manual reloading takes a long time, which is not conducive to secondary submarine attack.
In addition, in order to hit the surface ships of the opponent with the deep bomb of the rocket, the "Deep Union-1" fuze used by the deep bomb at that time was also equipped with a surface collision function. In the deep bomb experiment conducted by the Type 65 ship in 1966, when the fuze When it is set to hit the water and shoot at a small angle, because the point of the deep bomb's landing is close to the ship, the shrapnel after the explosion even landed on the deck, which can also show that the fuze's instantaneousness when it enters the water at a small angle is very good.
In the 1970s, all Type 01 frigates are converted to missile ships. Next, the 65 ship could not be modified due to the inherent layout of the hull. Of course, the final layout of the main gun may be caused by the constraints of the host, hull and other factors. The design of warships often needs to achieve a balance among the mutual constraints of various parts.
It is worth mentioning that this type of ship’s dual 14.5mm machine gun is very practical and its firing range is very wide (visually estimated on board, its firing range is close to 180 degrees), which is especially suitable for low-intensity conflicts and emergencies. In the "3.14" naval battle, the Chinese machine gun responded just after the opponent had used force on the island, and then the main gun was the main gun. Moreover, due to the short distance between the two sides, during the firing interval of the Chinese main gun, the other party intended to attack the Chinese warship with a rocket launcher, but was immediately suppressed by the machine gun of the Chinese warship. This also shows that in such low-intensity conflicts, light weapons such as machine guns can effectively fill the gap in the ship's main firepower.
The same reason applies to the installation of machine guns on ships after the "USS Cole" incident. It should be said that during the service period of a type of ship, the threats faced may be multi-layered. When designing a ship, the nature of these threats should be considered more carefully. After all, the temporary modification is often subject to the innate conditions of the ship. limit. After the Type 65 frigate entered service, it was mainly used to perform patrol and duty missions in the South China Sea. As the main ship before the Chinese destroyer in the South China Sea served, it filled the gap in China's maritime power in the South China Sea. Due to the large number of artillery machine guns and the large artillery commander, it is very suitable for conducting artillery battles at medium and short distances.
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