China - Jiao / Teach - Trainer Aircraft
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JJ-1 JJ-2 (FT-2) JJ-5 JJ-6 JJ-7 (FT-7) JL-8 (K-8) JL-9 (FTC-2000) JL-10 AJT JL-15 L-15 LIFT |
According to statistics, during the training career of pilots, air training of trainer aircraft accounts for more than 70% of the effectiveness of the entire training system. Pilots, whether operating military or civilian aircraft, need to go through some of the same training procedures and use similar trainers to complete basic flight courses. There are two common types of trainer classification, two-level and three-level systems. The two-level system is divided into junior and advanced trainers. The three-level system consists of junior, intermediate and advanced trainers. Military aircraft used to destroy enemy aircraft and other airborne air strike weapons in the air, also known as fighter aircraft.
The main task of the fighter is to conduct air combat with enemy fighters to seize air superiority (air dominance). The second is to intercept enemy bombers, attack aircraft and cruise missiles. It can also carry a certain number of ground attack weapons to perform ground attack missions. The fighter also includes interceptors for ground defense.
By name, the training aircraft should be used for training flight students and training, while the fighter aircraft is used for air combat. However, trainers can also be used to fight wars, such as China's Jiao-8 trainer. Jiao-8 can bring a 23mm cannon pod, and the wing also has 4 hanging points, which can carry cannon pods, rocket pods, bombs, and missiles. In some small countries where the Air Force is not strong enough, trainers often make guest appearances on fighter jets. For example, Pakistan taught Jiao-8 to mount "magic" short-range air-to-air missiles; for example, Venezuela has used the Jiao-8 trainer to combat drug crimes; Myanmar purchased Chinese Jiao 8 to combat northern Myanmar's civilian land and military.
Turbojet engines are naturally attracting much attention as trainer engine. However, few people know the difficulty of the development of turbojet engines in China. The earliest trainer aircraft in China used a traditional turbojet engine, mainly using Soviet Union technology. In the 1950s, the first domestic jet trainer was successfully developed, and the test flight passed smoothly. This annihilation -1 trainer uses the eruption-1 engine, but it was useless for several years but was forced to stop using it due to some external factors. China's early turbojet engines were actually based on the engines of the former Soviet Union, and of course the engines of trainers were not exempt. In the mid-fifties of the last century, the first domestically-developed jet trainer J-Jun-1 was successfully launched for the first time. Its engine was based on the turbojet 5 eruption-1 engine.
Fighters can also be used to train pilots. Many fighters have two-seaters, and two-seaters can be used as trainers for this model. Generally, the rear cabin pilot is an instructor and is responsible for teaching the front cabin novice pilot. In recent years, the design of new trainers is getting closer to light fighters, which has caused the line between advanced trainers and fighters to blur.
But there are differences between trainers and fighters. Basically, trainers require easy operation, easy maintenance and high reliability. This is like a car driving school. The cars of a driving school are basically the most basic models. The fighter requires advanced as much as possible, and the combat power is like building a supercar.
Countries except the United States and Russia have converted trainer aircraft into attack aircraft. First, ordinary trainers have fewer parts than attack aircraft. The attack aircraft is equipped with advanced tracking radar, which can quickly attack multiple targets with higher accuracy. Secondly, because the trainer is generally smaller in size and the power system is relatively weak, its bomb load is much smaller than that of a special attack aircraft. In high-intensity and medium-intensity operations, the attack aircraft is more suitable for both target precise strike and ammunition load and protection. However, in some low-intensity operations, the trainer aircraft rely on advanced guidance weapons to achieve the expected results.
On trainers, the U.S. Air Force and the Chinese Air Force are very similar, and both use a three-level training system. China began to develop domestic trainers in the late 1950s, and has now become a series. The Chinese Air Force uses the Junior Education-6 (Red Special-502) as the junior trainer, the Coach-8 as the basic jet trainer, and the J-7 aircraft as the advanced trainer. In the early stage, there are early education -6, intermediate stage K-8, and advanced annihilation -6/7 (now there are some higher education -9). In the advanced stage, there are also two-seat versions of fighters, such as J-10S and J-11S. Domestic flight training is basically supported. No matter the level of the aircraft or the localization rate, it is basically the pursuit of Chinese active combat aircraft.
In addition, the Chinese Air Force also has other types of aircraft used as specific types of trainers. Some special professions also use other aircrafts, such as the training of the "Becaurus" aircraft modified by the Yun-7 used by the bombing profession and the navigation profession. China's trainers are Junior 6 Junior Trainer, Teaching 8 Intermediate Trainer, Senior Trainer: Jianjian 6 (retired), Jianjian 7, Shanying, the third generation Jianjian 10, Su 27UBK, and L15 senior trainer (not yet service).
In order to equip the PLA advanced primary jet trainer, Hongdu Group was founded in 1982. Through research and comparison, combined with the specific conditions in China, Hongdu Group put forward the development idea of "improving training efficiency and reducing training costs". The basic performance requirements and two training systems that meet the needs of different countries have been widely recognized. In 1986, China decided to cooperate with Pakistan to develop the Education-8. Pakistan has invested 25% and is responsible for the production of the front fuselage and other parts. In July 1987, Jiao-8 began its specific design. Started manufacturing prototypes in January 1989. A total of 5 prototypes (3 test flights and 2 for static testing) were manufactured. The 001 and 003 prototypes first flew on November 26, 1990 and October 91, respectively. Fifteen pre-production models then started and made their first flight in July 1992. So actually teach -8 is divided into domestic and export models.
Coach-9 (code: JL-9, Shanying, foreign trade model: FTC-2000), is a senior coach developed and produced by China Aviation Industry Corporation Guizhou Aviation Industry Group (Guifei) machine. The aircraft is based on the Jianjia-7, redesigned aerodynamic shape, replaced with a new turbojet-13 (WP-13) engine, using a new cockpit design and integrated avionics system, all kinds of navigation data can be displayed on the LCD The comprehensive display on the display is basically consistent with the third-generation fighter in service.
L-15 (codenamed "Falcon") trainer is a kind of advanced trainer designed and developed by China in accordance with international standards. Compared with China's active-duty J-7 supersonic trainer, the L-15 trainer has good overall aerodynamic performance, high maneuverability, large weight-to-weight ratio, long service life, reasonable structural design, advanced manufacturing technology, and flexible use of tasks. The advantage of Yamato's high development potential is comparable to the T-50, "Mako" and Jacques-130 advanced trainers currently under development in the overall technical standards. It can even match payload capacity and maneuverability. " Light fighter bombers like the Jaguar are comparable.
China L-15 trainer is the first aircraft in China's aviation model development to reach the internationally advanced technology level in design. It has the advantages of good overall aerodynamic performance, high maneuverability, large overall weight-to-weight ratio, long service life, reasonable structural design, advanced manufacturing technology, large task flexibility and high development potential.
By around 2010 China's aviation industry was no longer satisfied with domestic demand and had set its sights on the international market. Demand for a new generation of advanced trainers had emerged on the international market. It was required to be able to support the fourth-generation fighter aircraft. The greater demand is to be able to serve as the fifth-generation fighter's advanced coach and entry-level pilot trainer, as well as a two-seater combat trainer with full air-to-air capabilities. Although this demand is the actual demand of many countries, it is mainly driven by the United States, and it is answered by the Korean small T-50, which had been looked down upon by some. After the emergence of the F-22 and the development of the F-35, the US Air Force and the Navy have proposed that they want a type of advanced coach / entry pilot pilot trainer, but have been questioned by the outside world that the T-38 is capable of being an F-22 pilot training. Even when Lockheed Martin was silently developing a T-50 trainer in partnership with South Korea, some people still believed that it was a Korean demand, not an American one.
