APPENDIX C
The Mine Threat
Of the 3,738 reported minefields in the TFE sector, 719 were in the brigade's AOR. This alone clearly indicates that mines were the greatest threat to both the mission of establishing a ZOS and the desire to set the conditions for normal peaceful and prosperous life in Bosnia. The family of mines most prevalent in the brigade's AOR was designed and manufactured in the Former Yugoslavia. An outline of specific mines follows:
1. The TMM-1 antitank mine is cylindrically shaped, low profile, and made from sheet metal. The mine is pressure-plate activated, often surface laid and easily detectable with currently issued mine detectors. The maximum buried depth in which these mines will function is 150 cm (59 inches). This mine was involved in the first mine strike of OJE.
2. The TMA-1 and TMA-1A antitank mines are plastic-cased cylindrically shaped with a distinctive corrugated design on the top on the mine. These mines are nonmetallic and are not detectable with currently issued mine detectors. The maximum buried depth in which these mines will function is 16cm (6 inches).
3. The TMA-3 antitank mine is a blast mine made from cast TNT coated with a thin protective layer of fiberglass. It is cylindrically shaped and has three top-mounted fuze wells which contain three UTMA-3 pressure fuzes. This mine is nonmetallic and very difficult to detect with currently issued mine detectors. The maximum buried depth in which this mine will function is 18 cm (7 inches).
4. The TMA-4 antitank mine is a blast mine made of cast TNT covered with a protective plastic coating. It is cylindrically shaped and has three top-mounted fuze wells which contain three UTMA-4 pressure fuzes. This mine can be fitted with antihandling devices. This mine is nonmetallic and very difficult to detect with currently issued mine detectors. However, if the mine does have antihandling devices fitted, it can be detected with conventional mine detectors. The maximum buried depth in which this mine will function is 16 cm (6 inches). This mine was involved in two mine incidents.
5. The TMA-5 antitank mine is a square, plastic-coated, blast-effect mine. This mine is nonmetallic and very difficult to detect with currently issued mine detectors. The maximum buried depth in which this mine will function is 16 cm (6 inches).
6. The TMRP-6 antitank mine is a cylindrically shaped, plastic-cased mine containing a steel plate penetrator. This mine can be activated by a tiltrod or by applied pressure. It also has a delay arming option. The mine contains metal and thus is detectable with conventional mine detectors. The maximum buried depth in which this mine will function is 13.2 cm (5.1 inches).
7. The PMA-1A antipersonnel mine is a rectangular two-piece plastic mine. This mine is nonmetallic and very difficult to detect with currently issued mine detectors. The maximum buried depth in which this mine will function is 9 cm (3.5 inches). Two hundred PMA-1 mines were in the minefield in close proximity to a mine incident.
8. The PMA-2 antipersonnel mine is a relatively small antipersonnel mine with a cylindrical body and a top-mounted UPMAH-2 chemical action pressure fuze. The sole metallic content is an aluminum disk (8.6 mm in diameter and 0.05 mm in thickness). The mine's small size and low metal contact results in a mine that is extremely difficult to detect. The maximum buried depth in which this mine will function is 9 cm (3.5 inches). Four PMA-2 mines were in the minefield in close proximity to two mine incidents.
9. The PMA-3 antipersonnel mine is a small, flat cylindrical mine. It is designed to function only when pressure is applied to the top plate. The sole metallic content in this mine is the aluminum covering on the M-17P2 detonator cap. This small metallic content renders the mine difficult to detect. The maximum buried depth in which this mine will function is 8 cm (3.1 inches). Five PMA-3 mines were in the minefield in proximity to one mine incident.
10. The PMR-2A antipersonnel mine is a stake-mounted, cylindrical, cast-iron fragmentation mine. This mine is normally activated by a tripwire. Additionally, one mine could have multiple tripwires. This mine is not normally buried and thus is detectable by visual means. However, if buried, it is detectable by conventional mine detectors. Eight PMR-2A were reported in the minefield in proximity to one mine incident.
11. The PMR-3 antipersonnel mine is a stake-mounted, cylindrical, cast-iron fragmentation antipersonnel mine. This mine is normally activated by a tripwire. Additionally, one mine could have multiple tripwires. This mine is not normally buried and thus is detectable by visual means. It can be emplaced in the ground; if buried, it is detectable by conventional mine detectors.
12. The PMD-1 antipersonnel mine is a rectangular, pressure-initiated, blast mine. This mine is readily detectable with conventional mine detectors.
13. The MRUD antipersonnel is a directional fragmentation mine. This mine has a plastic main explosive molded into a convex shape. Additionally, 650 steel balls are in front of the explosive material. This mine is readily detectable with conventional mine detectors. 14. The UDAR antipersonnel mine is a bounding mine with a fuel air explosive warhead. There are light and heavy versions of this mine. While possible to rig the function from traditional pressure and contact fuzes, the preferred method of detonation is command detonation.
Appendix
B: TTP for ZOS Breaching
Appendix
D: Mission Tracker
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