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Military

ON POINT II: Transition to the New Campaign

The United States Army in Operation IRAQI FREEDOM May 2003-January 2005




Part II

Transition to a New Campaign

Chapter 6
Detainee Operations

 

Notes

1. Both COBRA II and ECLIPSE II contained annexes that give guidance about handling EPWs. In addition, V Corps issued FRAGO 006 in the spring of 2003 that foresaw the likelihood of US forces dealing with Iraqis who did not fit into the legal category of EPWs and established methods for working with them. The contents of these orders remain classified at the time of this writing. See Colonel Marc Warren, Statement to US Army Preliminary Screening Inquiry, 29 November 2004, 6. (Used with permission of Colonel Warren.)

2. Major General Barbara Fast, interview by Contemporary Operations Study Team, Fort Leavenworth, KS, 27 March 2006, 22.

3. Fast, interview, 27 March 2006, 22.

4. Lieutenant General Anthony R. Jones, “Executive Summary,” AR 15-6 Investigation of the Abu Ghraib Prison and 205th Military Intelligence Brigade, 24 August 2004, 9.

5. Fast, interview, 27 March 2006, 22.

6. Major General Antonio M. Taguba, Article 15-6 Investigation of the 800th Military Police Brigade (The Taguba Report), Annex 45, “Interview with Brigadier General Janice L. Karpinski,” to The Taguba Report, 15 February 2004, 23, http://www.aclu.org/torturefoia/released/a45.pdf (accessed 23 January 2006).

7. Taguba, Annex 45, “Interview with Brigadier General Janice L. Karpinski,” to The Taguba Report, http://www.aclu.org/torturefoia/released/a45.pdf (accessed 12 March 2007).

8. Lieutenant General Ricardo Sanchez, interview by Contemporary Operations Study Team, Fort Leavenworth, KS, 23 August 2006, 11.

9. Sanchez, interview, 23 August 2006, 11.

10. Lieutenant Colonel Harry D. Tunnell IV, Red Devils: Tactical Perspectives from Iraq (Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute Press, 2006), 25.

11. Tunnell, 25.

12. Tunnell, 25–26.

13. Lieutenant Colonel Frank Rangel, interview by Operational Leadership Experiences Project Team, Combat Studies Institute, Fort Leavenworth, KS, 26 October 2005, 12.

14. Lieutenant Colonel Troy D. Perry, interview by Contemporary Operations Study Team, Fort Leavenworth, KS, 11 May 2006.

15. Tunnell, 26.

16. Rangel, interview, 26 October 2005, 12.

17. Fast, interview, 27 March 2006.

18. Lieutenant Colonel Steven Bullimore, interview by Contemporary Operations Study Team, Fort Leavenworth, KS, 18 May 2006, 6.

19. Colonel Marc Warren, e-mail correspondence with authors, 5 March 2007. The specific contents of these FRAGOs remain classified as of this writing.

20. Sanchez, interview, 23 August 2006, 12; see also, Warren, Statement to US Army Preliminary Screening Inquiry, 29 November 2004, 33.

21. CJTF-7, Agenda for CJTF-7 Detention Summit—Camp Victory—19 AUG 03, 1; see also, Fast, interview, 27 March 2006.

22. Colonel Marc Warren, interview by Contemporary Operations Study Team, Fort Leavenworth, KS, 15 March 2007, 11.

23. Warren, interview, 15 March 2007, 11.

24. Warren, interview, 15 March 2007, 10–11.

25. Fast, interview, 27 March 2006.

26. Major General George Fay, AR 15-6 Investigation of the Abu Ghraib Prison and 205th Military Intelligence Brigade, 57.

27. Taguba, Annex 19, “The Ryder Report,” to The Taguba Report, Executive Summary.

28. Taguba, Annex 19, “The Ryder Report,” to The Taguba Report, Executive Summary.

29. Taguba, Annex 19, “The Ryder Report,” to The Taguba Report, Executive Summary.

30. Regimental Support Squadron, 2d Armored Cavalry Regiment, RSS/RHA Detainee Holding Area Guidance Memorandum, 18 December 2003.

31. RSS/RHA Detainee Holding Area Guidance Memorandum, 18 December 2003, 1.

32. RSS/RHA Detainee Holding Area Guidance Memorandum, 18 December 2003, 3.

33. 2d Armored Cavalry Regiment, Laydown of Division Detention Operations/Detainee Process Briefing, September 2003.

34. Laydown of Division Detention Operations/Detainee Process, slide 4.

35. Laydown of Division Detention Operations/Detainee Process, slide 6.

36. Laydown of Division Detention Operations/Detainee Process, slide 9.

37. See, for example, RSS/RHA Detainee Holding Area Guidance Memorandum, 18 December 2003, 1.

38. 1st Brigade Combat Team, 4th Infantry Division, Sworn Statement from Unnamed Soldier (name redacted), D Company, 4th FSB, Exhibit A, Report by AR 15-6 Investigating Officer On Shooting Death of Iraqi Detainee, FOB Packhorse, Tikrit, Iraq, 11 September 2003, http://www.aclu.org/projects/foiasearch/pdf/DOD044873.pdf (accessed 14 December 2006).

39. 4th Forward Support Battalion, 1st Brigade Combat Team, 4th Infantry Division, AR 15-6 Investigation Conducted by officer (name redacted), 4th FSB, Exhibit K, Sworn Statement from 4th FSB Operations Officer (name redacted), 13 September 2003, http://www.aclu.org/projects/foiasearch/pdf/DOD044873.pdf (accessed 14 December 2006).

40. 1st BCT, 4th ID, Report by AR 15-6 Investigating Officer On Shooting Death of Iraqi Detainee, FOB Packhorse, Tikrit Iraq, 1.

41. 1st BCT, 4th ID, Report by AR 15-6 Investigating Officer On Shooting Death of Iraqi Detainee, FOB Packhorse, Tikrit Iraq, 1

42. 1st BCT, 4th ID, Report by AR 15-6 Investigating Officer On Shooting Death of Iraqi Detainee, FOB Packhorse, Tikrit Iraq, 3

43. 1st BCT, 4th ID, Report by AR 15-6 Investigating Officer On Shooting Death of Iraqi Detainee, FOB Packhorse, Tikrit, Iraq, 4.

44. The Inspector General, Detainee Operations Inspection, 21 July 2004, 53.

45. IG, Detainee Operations Inspection, 21 July 2004, 54.

46. IG, Detainee Operations Inspection, 21 July 2004, 14.

47. IG, Detainee Operations Inspection, 21 July 2004, 17. The IG Report defined point of capture as detainee operations that occurred at battalion-level or below.

48. IG, Detainee Operations Inspection, 21 July 2004, iv.

49. Fast, interview, 27 March 2006.

50. IG, Detainee Operations Inspection, 21 July 2004, iv. Location of remaining 10 percent of the cases could not be determined.

51. This section on detention operations at Abu Ghraib is intended as a summary of the key events and decisions that surround the abuses at the prison. Because of the complexity of the issues involved, the authors of this study encourage all readers to look into the key primary sources, the large majority of which are available to the public, to gain a deeper understanding of the origins and characteristics of operations at the prison. Those sources, most importantly the AR 15-6 investigations into the 800th MP Brigade and the 205th MI Brigade, are identified in the endnotes below.

52. Taguba, Annex 60, “Testimony of MAJ Michael Sheridan, S3, 320th MP BN,” to The Taguba Report, 14 February 2004, 7, http://www.aclu.org/torturefoia/released/a60.pdf (accessed 30 January 2007).

53. Taguba, Annex 37, “Excerpts from Log Books, 320th MP BN (15 September 2003 entry),” to The Taguba Report, http://www.aclu.org/torturefoia/released/t37.pdf (accessed 30 January 2007).

54. Taguba, Annex 63, “Testimony of CPT Reese, Commander, 372d MP Company,” to The Taguba Report, http://www.aclu.org/torturefoia/released/a63.pdf (accessed 30 January 2007).

55. Taguba, Annex 46, “Testimony of Colonel Thomas Pappas, Commander, 205th MI Brigade,” to The Taguba Report, 9 February 2004, 3, http://www.aclu.org/torturefoia/released/a46.pdf (accessed 16 January 2007).

56. Taguba, Annex 20, “Assessment of DOD Counterterrorism Interrogation and Detention Operations in Iraq,” to The Taguba Report, 9 February 2004, 1, http://www.aclu.org/torturefoia/released/a20.pdf (accessed 9 March 2007).

57. Taguba, Annex 20, “Assessment of DOD Counterterrorism Interrogation,” to The Taguba Report, 9 February 2004, 5, http://www.aclu.org/torturefoia/released/a20.pdf (accessed 9 March 2007).

58. James R. Schlesinger, Chairman, Final Report of the Independent Panel to Review DOD Detention Operations, August 2004, 72–73.

59. Taguba, Annex 63, “Testimony of CPT Reese, Commander, 372d MP Company,” to The Taguba Report, 45, http://www.aclu.org/torturefoia/released/a63.pdf (accessed 30 January 2007).

60. Fay, AR 15-6 Investigation, 72.

61. Fay, AR 15-6 Investigation, 77.

62. Fay, AR 15-6 Investigation, 77–78.

63. Fay, AR 15-6 Investigation, 9.

64. Fay, AR 15-6 Investigation, 96–108.

65. Jones, AR 15-6 Investigation of the Abu Ghraib Prison and the 205th Military Intelligence Brigade, 4.

66. Taguba, The Taguba Report, 46.

67. Taguba, Annex 71, “Testimony of 1LT Lewis C. Raeder, Platoon Leader, 372d MP Company,” to The Taguba Report, 3, http://www.aclu.org/torturefoia/released/a71.pdf (accessed 1 February 2007).

68. Taguba, The Taguba Report, 44–47.

69. CJTF-7, FRAGO 1108 to CJTF-7 OPORD 03-036, 19 November 2003. Order reproduced in Taguba, The Taguba Report, 38.

70. For complete definition, see Department of Defense Joint Publication 1-02, DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, 12 April 2001 (as amended through 5 January 2007), 525.

71. Taguba, Annex 46, “Testimony of Colonel Thomas Pappas,” to The Taguba Report.

72. Taguba, Annex 46, “Testimony of Colonel Thomas Pappas,” to The Taguba Report.

73. Taguba, Annex 46, “Testimony of Colonel Thomas Pappas,” to The Taguba Report.

74. Taguba, Annex 63, “Testimony of CPT Reese, Commander, 372d MP Company” to The Taguba Report, 13, http://www.aclu.org/torturefoia/released/a63.pdf (accessed 30 January 2007).

75. Colonel Marc Warren, V Corps/CJTF-7 Document Extract (as of 1 October 2005), 1.

76. IG, Detainee Operations Inspection, 21 July 2004, 21.

77. Kathleen T. Rhem, “Commanders in Iraq ordered Humane Treatment of Detainees,” DefenseLink, 20 May 2004, http://defenselink.mil/news/May2004/n05202004_200405206.html (accessed 25 October 2006).

78. Headquarters, MNB-North, Memorandum for Record, Subject: Standing Operating Procedures for all MNB-N Detainee Collection Points, 27 January 2004, 1.

79. Camp Duke Detainee Facility S.O.P., 1 June 2004, http://www.aclu.org/projects/foiasearch/pdf/DOD045995.pdf (accessed 25 February 2008).

80. Camp Duke Detainee Facility S.O.P.

81. Camp Duke Detainee Facility S.O.P., 1.

82. Camp Duke Detainee Facility S.O.P., 7.

83. Task Force 1-22 IN, Point Paper: Operation IRAQI FREEDOM—Handling of Detainees.

84. LTC [name redacted], CONUS Team, Department of the Army Inspector General, Memorandum for Chief, Inspections Division. SUBJECT: 4th Infantry Division Detainee Operations Assessment Trip Report, no date. (Memorandum based on interviews conducted by CONUS Team between 5–8 April 2004.), 36, http://action.aclu.org/torturefoia/released/091505/15937.pdf (accessed 9 March 2007).

85. Memorandum, Subject: 4th Infantry Division Detainee Operations Assessment Trip Report, 7.

86. Major Charles Seifert, interview by Contemporary Operations Study Team, Fort Leavenworth, KS, 3 May 2006, 9.

87. Seifert, interview, 3 May 2006, 16.

88. Jon Myatt, “Air Defenders Become MPs for Duty in Afghanistan,” 15 March 2004, Defend America, http://www.defendamerica.mil/articles/mar2004/a031504e.html (accessed 14 March 2007).

89. Staff Sergeant Matthew Claycomb, B Btry, 1/107th Field Artillery, Pennsylvania Army National Guard, Memorandum, SUBJECT: Operation Iraqi Freedom II Report from Bravo Battery 1st Battalion, 107th Field Artillery, October 2003 to February 2005.

90. Company History for C CO FWD, 2/103 AR, 2.

91. Captain David E. Beveridge, “New Jersey National Guard Soldiers Earn Right to Proudly Wear Brassard,” Military Police Bulletin, April 2005, http://www.wood.army.mil/mpbulletin/pdfs/April%2005/Beveridge-In%20Lieu%20of%20MP.pdf (accessed 14 March 2007).

92. Dobie McArthur, Senior Advisor for Detainee and Prisoner Issues, CPA, Memorandum for the Administrator, Subject: Analysis of Detention Operations, 22 March 2004, 3.

93. L. Paul Bremer, My Year in Iraq: The Struggle to Build a Future of Hope (New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2006), 264, 288.

94. Coalition Provisional Authority, “Conditional Release Announcement,” 7 January 2004, 2–3, http://www.cpa-iraq.org/transcripts/Jan7Bremer_Conditional.htm (accessed 2 November 2007).

95. CJTF-7, Interrogation Operations Brief (25 January 2004), “Detainees Population & Release” slide. The numbers given here do not reflect the 3,855 Mujahedin-e Khalq (MEK) detainees under detention at Camp Ashraf.

96. Coalition Provisional Authority, Memorandum, Subject: Strategy for Addressing Detention Issues, 69.

97. McArthur, Memorandum, Subject: Analysis of Detention Operations, 22 March 2004, 1.

98. McArthur, Memorandum, Subject: Analysis of Detention Operations, 22 March 2004, 1.

99. Taguba, The Taguba Report, 38.

100. McArthur, Memorandum, Subject: Analysis of Detention Operations, 22 March 2004, 3.

101. McArthur, Memorandum, Subject: Analysis of Detention Operations, 3 April 2004, 3.

102. Warren, Statement to US Army Preliminary Screening Inquiry, 29 November 2004, 24.

103. MNF-I, Detainee Operations, Commander’s Conference Update Briefing, 13 August 2004, slide “Referral to Iraqi Legal System,” http://www.aclu.org/projects/foiasearch/pdf/DOD044828.pdf (accessed 8 November 2007).

104. Warren, Statement to US Army Preliminary Screening Inquiry, 29 November 2004, 24–25.

105. CJTF-7, Coalition Detainee Operations Strategy Briefing (30 April 2004), slide “CJTF-7 Detainee Status.”

106. MNF-I, Detainee Operations, Commander’s Conference Update, slide “Security Internees—Disposition of Detainees Based on Risk.”

107. MNF-I, Detainee Operations, Commander’s Conference Update, slide “MSC Detention Facilities Length of Detention.”

108. MNF-I, Detainee Operations, Commander’s Conference Update, slide “Combined Review and Release Board.”

109. Headquarters, United States Central Command, “News Release: Detainee Release Board Takes on Iraqi Partners,” 16 April 2004.

110. Warren, interview, 15 March 2007, 16.

111. Warren, interview, 15 March 2007, 15.

Chapter 6. Detainee Operations



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