Military

(1) The number and type of aircraft to be refueled.

(2) The minimum spacing requirement of 100 feet between refueling points (180 feet for CH-47).

(3) Adequate obstacle clearance for a safe takeoff and landing.

(4) Designated holding areas for waiting aircraft.

(1) Establish a perimeter and prepare fighting positions and range cards.

(2) Sweep the site for NBC contamination and set up NBC equipment.

(3) Reconnoiter the site for appropriate refuel and rearm points.

(4) Set up crew-served and air defense weapons to protect the site.

(1) Determine positions of refuel and rearm points (100 feet separation for all aircraft except the CH-47).

(2) Prepare the necessary aircraft standard loads of ammunition.

(3) Reposition vehicles into final parking location.

(1) Resupplies are requested.

(2) The site is under attack.

(3) The FARP is not operational.

(4) A serious incident occurs in the FARP; for example, a fire or an aircraft accident.

(1) When 5 kilometers (km) from the FARP, the air mission commander (AMC) will make a call in the blind on the administrative/logistics frequency stating that he is inbound to the FARP. An example of a call is "T14 (FARP), this is T56 (AMC) with five on blue." The AMC is telling the FARP that five aircraft are inbound on the Blue route. This alerts the FARP and other aircraft of his intentions. The FARP does not reply unless the area is not safe or secure. Terms which violate operational security (OPSEC) will not be used; for example, "aircraft," "inbound," "outbound," and "FARP."

(2) Aircraft will be flown at nap-of-the-earth (NOE) within 3 km of the FARP. Approaching aircraft must maintain visual contact with departing aircraft.

(1) FARP personnel will use standard hand and arm signals to assist pilots in positioning aircraft into refueling and rearming points.

(2) Pilots will not point aircraft weapons at personnel or equipment after aircraft depart the "Y" for refueling or rearming.

(3) Pilots will position their aircraft at the refuel points so that the closed-circuit refueling (CCR) nozzle is on the right side of the aircraft.

(1) Ensure that a 100-foot separation exists between refueling points.

(2) Ensure that armament systems are on SAFE or OFF.

(3) Stabilize the aircraft at flat pitch and deplane all passengers before conducting refueling operations. Although no transmissions are permitted except during an emergency, monitor all communications.

(4) Ground the closed circuit refueling nozzle (when used) to a grounding rod and bond it to the aircraft.

(5) Ensure that the cap is secured and the grounding cable is disconnected before the aircraft takes off.

(6) Turn the strobe lights off before refueling the aircraft and back on before it takes off (day only).

(1) The POL operator will immediately shut down the pump on the tanker or the pump on the FARE or HEMTT.

(2) Whoever is tending the nozzle will remove it from the aircraft and, if the fire is small, attempt to put it out using the available fire extinguishers. The first priority is crew safety.

(3) Aircraft that are not directly involved will be flown to their respective holding areas.

(4) If the situation permits, every attempt will be made to remove the tanker from the scene of the fire. If time permits, ensure that all butterfly valves and elbow couplers are closed on the FARE with the 500-gallon collapsible drums (if one is in use).

(5) At the first opportunity, notify the TOC and maintain communications between the FARP and the TOC by whatever means available.

(6) After all of the above procedures are complete, personnel will move to a safe distance.

(1) Maintenance point. This point will be equipped as follows:

(2) Rearm points. Each rearm point will be equipped as follows:

(1) One noncommissioned officer.

(2) One line safety officer.

(3) One officer in charge.

(4) Three armament personnel (preferred); two armament personnel (minimum) for each rearm pad.

(5) A contact team (maintenance point only).

(1) Aircraft will be armed or dearmed according to the appropriate aircraft operator's manual.

(2) When all armament switches on the aircraft are off, the pilot will turn off the anticollision light.

(3) After the anticollision light is off, armament personnel will ground the airframe and install the wing store jettison pins and chock the wheels, as applicable. Then they will plug in their headsets and establish communication with the aircrew. No radio transmissions will be made during loading/downloading operations.

(4) The aircrew will assist and monitor armament personnel conducting loading/downloading operations.

(5) Ground crews will load subsystems inboard to outboard, remaining clear of the front of the systems and the backblast areas.

(6) When the loading is completed, the ground crew removes all safety pins and moves away from the aircraft.

(7) The pilot will turn on the anticollision light after the weapon system is armed. He will then depart the rearm point.

(1) The departure heading will be as briefed, or right turns will be executed after the takeoff.

(2) All takeoffs will be at minimum airspeed.

(3) Vehicles or other aircraft will not be overflown.

(1) Secure all 600-gallon tanks on an asphalt or concrete hardstand that is away from aircraft and ground vehicle operation.

(2) Statically ground all tanks at the storage area.

(3) Store all extended range fuel system (ERFS) equipment, such as the pump board, fuel lines, and tiedown straps, in the ERFS storage cases provided by the shipping facility. Ensure that the storage area is enclosed and well-ventilated.

(4) Empty the 600-gallon tanks before storage (except for residual fuel in the bottom of the tanks).

(5) Drain all fuel supply lines of excess fuel before storage.

(6) Defuel aircraft according to TM 55-1560-307-13&P and the unit SOP.

(1) Each unit should develop a program for PMCS storage when the ERFS is not installed on the aircraft.

(2) To maintain a high readiness level for each ERFS system, the unit should conduct a monthly PMCS and an inventory.

(3) DA Form 2404 should be used for recording PMCS, faults, and corrective actions. (These forms will be maintained by the appropriate flight platoon.)

(1) When the ERFS is installed on the aircraft, enter the following statement on the DA Form 2408-13-1 (Aircraft Inspection and Maintenance Record): Aircraft allowed to operate with ERFS installed according to TM 55-1560-307-13&P.

(2) All system faults will be recorded on DA Form 2408-13-3 (Aircraft Technical Inspection Worksheet).

(3) When the ERFS is removed, all faults will be reentered on the system's existing or new DA Form 2404.

(1) The standard crew for the air assault FARP mission is two pilots, two qualified crewmembers, and two 76Ws (POL refuelers). The number of crewmembers may be increased as the mission or the commander dictates.

(2) Commanders will ensure that crewmembers and POL refuelers are trained on crew duties before they conduct refueling operations.

(1) Hoses and fittings. The Army uses the cam-lock fitting and the unisex (dry-lock) fitting. The unisex is the preferred fitting because it reduces fuel spillage during assembly and disassembly and it is self-grounded when connected.

(2) Pump system. If the 250-GPM self-contained pump system is used, the filter separator can be dropped from the equipment list and the pump placed in the 100-GPM position (Figure J-26). The size of the pump prevents a spare pump from being loaded.

(3) Nozzles. Two types of nozzles are used. The D-1 single-point nozzle is used on CH-47Ds; the CCR nozzles with attachments are used on all other aircraft, unless the D-1 is specified.

(1) The loading zone (LZ) must be large enough to accommodate FARP aircraft with no less than 150 feet between supported aircraft refueling points.

(2) Multiship FARP aircraft will be separated with no less than 300 feet between aircraft. This allows for the 150-foot separation between supported aircraft refueling points.

(3) The FARP site must also serve as the assembly area and takeoff area for the supported units.

(4) An additional site should be considered if the current site is also being used for rearming.

(5) Planners should consider the tactical advantages of the site to include the distance to the FARP, stability of the FARP, the required time on station, camouflage, and security requirements. They should also consider wind direction and the type of aircraft to be refueled.

(1) For daytime operations, the landing point will be designated and marked with standard visual signals and markers.

(2) For night operations, the landing point will be designated and marked with a chemical light or tactical "Y."

(3) Refueling points and equipment will be set up as shown in Figure J-26.

(4) The extra 100-GPM pump will be placed beside the operating pump.

(5) For ease of replacement, all spare pieces of equipment will be placed so they are readily accessible.

(6) Each FARP aircraft will be grounded to its own grounding point.

(7) The 100-GPM pumps and filter separator will be grounded as shown in Figure J-26.

(8) Emergency equipment, such as a 5-gallon water can and a fire extinguisher, will be placed at the pump station and the refueling points.

(1) Blade ropes. FARP aircraft will have at least two blade ropes installed and secured (one on each rotor system).

(2) Tail cone covers. Engine tail cone covers will be installed to prevent foreign object damage (FOD) to the engine and to keep the rotors from turning.

(1) Pilot in command.

(2) Copilot. The copilot will assist in marshaling and fire guard duties and any other duty that the PC assigns.

(3) Flight engineer. The flight engineer (FE) is responsible for safely loading the aircraft before the mission and unloading it after the aircraft is shut down. He also controls the fuel flow from inside the aircraft. In addition, the FE is responsible for cutting off the fuel supply from inside the aircraft in the event of a mishap or an emergency.

(4) Crewchief. The crewchief will assist in setting up the refueling points. He will also assist with marshaling and fire guard duties.

(5) POL refuelers. Refuelers are responsible for setting up the FARP and the actual refueling operations. They will be the only individuals allowed to start the pumps.

(6) Additional aircrew members. If additional aircrew members are needed, they will be assigned tasks by the pilot in command (PC) and/or the FE.

(1) Aircraft position. When aircraft arrive at the refueling point, a marshaler positions the first aircraft at the first point and the second aircraft at the second point. This procedure continues in chalk order for all aircraft. All aircraft will remain in position until they all have been refueled, then they will be repositioned to the assembly/ takeoff area.

(2) Fuel transfer. Fuel will be transferred from the internal tanks in the same manner as if the tanks were being self-deployed. Four-tank fuel transfer will be completed as follows: To maintain the CG of the aircraft, a four-tank fuel-transfer sequence will be 4, 1, 3, and 2; a three-tank sequence will be 3, 1, and 2.

(3) Auxiliary power unit. The aircraft auxiliary power unit (APU) will not be operated during refueling operations. Use of the APU is authorized only during aircraft run-up and shutdown and during emergencies.

(4) Mission operation checklist. A mission operation checklist is shown in Table J-10.

(1) Fire in the refueling area. In case of fire in the refueling area, personnel should-

• Stop refueling at all points.
• Turn all pumps off.
• Close all valves.
• Evacuate personnel from the area.
• Evacuate aircraft from the area.
• Attempt to fight the fire.
• Notify higher command, if possible.

(2) Fire on supported aircraft.

• Stop refueling at all points.
• Turn off pumps.
• Close all valves.
• Evacuate personnel from the aircraft that is on fire.
• Attempt to shut down the aircraft that is on fire.
• Evacuate all other aircraft from the area.
• Attempt to fight the fire.

(3) Fire on FARP aircraft. In case of fire on board FARP aircraft, personnel should-

• Stop refueling at all points.
• Turn all pumps off.
• Close all valves.
• Evacuate personnel from the aircraft that is on fire.
• Attempt to shut down the aircraft that is on fire.
• Evacuate all other aircraft from the area.
• Attempt to fight the fire.
• Notify higher command, if possible.

(4) Fuel leaks. In case of fuel leaks, personnel should-

• Stop refueling at the affected refueling point.
• Turn all pumps off.
• Turn the valves to the leak off.
• Repair or replace the affected pieces.
• Open valves and start the pumps.
• Check for additional leaks.
• Proceed with refueling operations.

(1) Planning. Planning information and guidance for self-deployment is found in FM 1-109.

(2) Equipment. Equipment for the self-deployment mission is the standard ERFS as outlined in TM 55-1560-307-13&P.

(3) Responsibilities. Each company commander must maintain the equipment needed to self-deploy. He must also ensure that personnel are properly trained in the use of self-deployment equipment and ALSE.

(1) Turn the ultraviolet lamp on by pushing the lamp switch to ON and by holding the switch down for ten seconds. When the switch is pushed down, a high-pitched sound is emitted that should drop to a low-pitched sound when the pressure on the switch is released. These sounds indicate that the lamp is on. If the pitch of the sound does not drop when the pressure is released on the switch, the battery needs to be recharged.

(2) Move the lever on the lamp assembly across its scale to the set number indicated on the recalibration standard pad. For example, if the set number on the pad if 5.3, move the level to 5.3. Hold the hooded meter switch button in for about 30 seconds until the pointer above the meter scale becomes steady and holds its position.

(3) If the meter pointer does not point to zero, unscrew the plug screw on the side of the meter. Use the small screwdriver provided with the kit to adjust the meter so that the pointer points to zero.

(4) Take the recalibration standard pad out of the test pad slot, using the tweezers, and put it back in the kit pocket.

(1) Put the end of the plastic tubing in a container that will hold more than a gallon of fuel.

(2) Open the toggle valve by turning the handle up (at a right angle to the line).

(3) Let about a gallon of fuel flow through the assembly into the container.

(4) Close the toggle valve and uncouple the detector pad assembly.

(1) Repeat the procedures in paragraph 10a through d.

(2) Open the toggle valve and allow 100 ML of fuel to flow into the sample bottle. Close the valve.

(3) Repeat the procedures in paragraph 11 and then a through d above.