Soviet Leadership Security
Since the end of 1917 an extremely tense situation developed in Russia. The civil war was complicated by the performances of internal opposition, using the tactics of individual terrorism against the leaders of the Soviet state. All this is put in front of the Government and the leadership of the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission (Cheka) the establishment of a special unit, which would have carried out the physical protection of "critical state employees."
After moving to March 1918, the country's leadership from Petrograd to Moscow, there was a need to ensure the security of the state leaders. The Cheka, this function was assigned to the operational department of the Presidium of the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission. 14 staff units, led by AJ Belenky, except perform security functions (safety meetings and gatherings), conducted surveillance and fought against banditry and speculation.
After the August 1918 "SR" attempt on Lenin's life, a daily basis was allocated from one to several operational Commissioners (the so-called post) for the protection of the CPC Chair. Occasionally they stood guard over L.D.Trotsky and F.E.Dzerzhinsky. The terrorist act committed by a terrorist F. Kaplan, killing a number of Soviet leaders, forced the revolutionary government to pay more attention to the problems of public health.
During 1920 the Cheka Bureau at its meeting has addressed the issues of security the top leaders of the Soviet state. So, January 5, 1920 discussed the activities related to the organization of the Moscow Kremlin Commandant's Office and the special protection of the President of SNK - commissioners group for special assignments at the Presidium of the Cheka.
On November 26, 1920 in accordance with the decree of the Presidium of the Cheka, there was created a Special Branch, which was tasked with the organization and implementation of protection of state leaders and the activities in which they participate. By the time of the formation in January 1922 of the State Political Directorate at the College of the GPU already employs 24 people.
On October 1, 1928 at Special Branch OGPU Collegium was headed by the Secretary of the Board AM Shanin. In 1930, the Special Branch was abolished and its functions transferred to the operational department of the OGPU (Head - KV Pauker). By Decree of the CEC of the USSR All-Union, the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs was established on July 10, 1934. It consisted divisions of the abolished OGPU. The most powerful element in the operational structure of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs was the General Directorate of State Security (NKVD GUGB), headed at that time directly bya Commissar.
Units carrying out work on the protection of senior government officials, the diplomatic corps and foreign guests, as well as the order in the most important public events (parades, demonstrations, congresses, etc) became the Operations Division GUGB NKVD (Operod). On November 28, 1936 on the basis of units GUGB Operations Division in charge of ensuring the security of senior officials of the USSR, was formed independent GUGB Protection Division of the NKVD.
On 25 December 1936 the Departments of the GUGB were assigned numbering, adn the security department became the 1st Division GUGB NKVD. Since 1923, Operations Division, Department of protection, and then the 1st Division GUGB headed by the Commissioner of State Security Grade 2 KV Pauker, who led the guards since 1930 of I.V.Stalin.
On April 15, 1937 VM Kursk, Chief of the 1st Division GUGB concurrently was appointed Deputy People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the Commissioner of State Security Grade 3. June 14, 1937 he was released from this post. At the same time Division headed by Commissioner of State Security Grade 3 I.J.Dagin.
On March 28, 1938 GUGB was disbanded. 1st Division became part of the newly created 1st Department (KGB) of the USSR NKVD and September 29, 1938 was returned to the composition of the reconstituted GUGB NKVD. To ensure the safety of state leaders during trips around the country and while resting on the periphery there 1st Division (Branch) Local UGB NKVD. On November 19, 1938 after the arrest of I.Y.Dagini, the 1st Division GUGB was headed by N.S.Vlasic, the chief bodyguard I.V.Stalin and a senior major of state security.
On February 26, 1941 as part of the newly formed independent of the USSR NKGB 1st Division was established. July 31, 1941, it moved into the combined NKVD. The work of the Department of State Security stretch led Commissioner 3 rank N.S.Vlasic. On April 14, 1943 6th Management (Protection) of the newly formed NKGB USSR, headed by the Commissioner of the State Security in August 1943 was established on the basis of the 1st Division of the NKVD of the USSR under A.K.Kuznetsov. The USSR NKGB was renamed the Ministry of State Security (MGB) by Order of the NKGB of the USSR, dated 22 March 1946, in accordance with the decree of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on March 15, 1946. Accordingly, the NKGB was renamed the MGB control of management. A significant reorganization occurred and the 6th Directorate of the MGB, by Order of the MGB from April 15, 1946, two control Protection was created on its basis.
Protection Office number 1 MGB, to carry out personal protection IV Stalin, led by Major General AK Kuznetsov, and management protection number 2 MGB, responsible for the security of other leaders of the USSR, - Lt. Gen. N.S. Vlasic (in May of the same year he was replaced by Major General D.N.Shadrin).
On December 25, 1946 both the management of protection and management of the Moscow Kremlin Commandant were merged into the General Directorate of Protection (GUO) MGB, headed by Lieutenant-General N. Vlasik. The 1st GUO Management Service was Stalin's personal guardin 1947-1948. It was headed by Major General SF Kuzmichev, in 1949-1952 Colonel A.M.Rakov. On April 29, 1952 NS Vlasic was suspended from work and seconded to the Ministry of Interior of the USSR, and the acting head of the MGB GUO concurrently assumed the USSR Minister of State Security S.D.Ignatiev.
On May 23, 1952 GUO MGB was reorganized into the Safety and Health Administration (RO) of the MGB, and the Office of Protection number 1 and number 2, formerly part of the State Educational Institution, transformed into UO departments. The curator of the Department of protection still remained Minister of the USSR GB S.D.Ignatieff and the actual management of the protection of senior officials performed the Deputy Minister of State Security, Lieutenant-General V.Ryasna and deputy chief of UO MGB colonel N.P.Novik, P.N.Maksimenko.
On March 14, 1953 to provide protection for the leading cadres of the party and the government as part of a unified Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR was created 9 th management, chief of which was appointed Major General SF Kuzmichev. June 26, 1953, after the arrest of SF Kuzmichev, 9th USSR Interior Ministry headed by KF Management Lunev. In connection with the appointment of his July 28, 1953 1st Deputy Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR, the head of the 9th Department began VI Ustinov.
By Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from March 13, 1954 was founded the KGB of the USSR. The structure of the Central Office was announced on March 18, which is composed of 9 management (protection of party and government leaders).
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