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List of Witnesses

The following is a list of witnesses who appeared before the Commission in open or closed sessions. Affiliations listed are as of the date of the appearance.

March 16, 1995
Washington, D.C.

Richard L. Haver, Executive Director, Intelligence Community Affairs

Adm. William O. Studeman, USN, Acting Director of Central Intelligence; Deputy Director of Central Intelligence; former Director, National Security Agency

March 17, 1995
Washington, D.C.

Lt. Gen. James R. Clapper, Jr., USAF, Director, Defense Intelligence Agency

William P. Crowell, Deputy Director, National Security Agency

Maj. Gen. Brett Dula, USAF, Deputy Director, Central Imagery Office

Louis J. Freeh, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation

Toby T. Gati, Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research

Keith R. Hall, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense, Intelligence & Security

Jeffrey K. Harris, Director, National Reconnaissance Office & Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Space

Leo Hazlewood, Executive Director, Central Intelligence Agency

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April 6, 1995
Washington, D.C.

Nancy Bone, Director, National Photographic Interpretation Center

Dr. Annette Krygiel, Director, Central Imagery Office

Maj. Gen. John A. Leide, USA, Director, National Military Intelligence Collection Center, Defense Intelligence Agency

Vice Adm. John M. McConnell, USN, Director, National Security Agency

Hugh E. Price, Deputy Director for Operations, Central Intelligence Agency

April 7, 1995
Washington, D.C.

Joan Dempsey, Director, National Military Intelligence Production Center, Defense Intelligence Agency

Toby T. Gati, Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research

Jeffrey K. Harris, Director, National Reconnaissance Office & Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Space

Maj. Gen. John A. Leide, USA, Director, National Military Intelligence Collection Center, Defense Intelligence Agency

Dr. Joseph Markowitz, Director, Community Open Source Program Office, Central Intelligence Agency

Douglas J. MacEachin, Deputy Director for Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency

Dr. Christine Williams, Chair, National Intelligence Council

April 18, 1995
Cambridge, Massachusetts

Graham T. Allison, Jr., Professor, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University

Robert Art, Professor, Brandeis University

Michael C. Desch, Professor, Olin Institute for Strategic Studies, Harvard University

Samuel P. Huntington, Professor and Director of the Olin Institute for Strategic Studies, Harvard University

Ernest R. May, Professor and Director of the Warren Center for Studies in American History, Harvard University

Anthony G. Oettinger, Professor, Harvard University

Richard Pipes, Professor, Harvard University

Steven P. Rosen, Professor and Associate Director of the Olin Institute for Strategic Studies, Harvard University

Harvey M. Sapolsky, Professor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Philip Zelikow, Associate Professor, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University

April 20, 1995
Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Tim Cullen, President, Government Programs Division,
Blue Cross & Blue Shield United of Wisconsin

Kristine M. Krause, Vice President, Wisconsin Electric Power Company

James A. Wier, Executive Vice President, Briggs & Stratton Corporation

John Yingling, Vice President and Director, Government Affairs, Firstar Corporation

May 5, 1995
Williamsburg, Virginia

Lt. Gen. James R. Clapper, Jr., USAF, Director, Defense Intelligence Agency

Leo Hazlewood, Executive Director, Central Intelligence Agency

May 6, 1995
Williamsburg, Virginia

Robert M. Gates, former Director of Central Intelligence

June 1, 1995
Washington, D.C.

Dr. Joseph S. Nye, Jr., Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs; former Chairman, National Intelligence Council

Dr. William J. Perry, Secretary of Defense

Lt. Gen. Brent Scowcroft, USAF (Ret.), former Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs

June 2, 1995
Washington, D.C.

Ronald H. Brown, Secretary of Commerce

Ambassador Robert L. Gallucci, Ambassador-at-Large

Ambassador Mickey Kantor, United States Trade Representative

Adm. William A. Owens, USN, Vice Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff

July 14, 1995
Washington, D.C.

Richard M. Helms, former Director of Central Intelligence

Douglas J. MacEachin, Deputy Director for Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency

John N. McMahon, former Deputy Director of Central Intelligence

Judge William H. Webster, former Director of Central Intelligence; former Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation

R. James Woolsey, former Director of Central Intelligence

August 3, 1995
Washington, D.C.

Larry Cox, Vice President, Washington Operations, David Sarnoff Research Center

Dr. Richard O. Hundley, Senior Physical Scientist,
RAND Corporation

Anthony Lake, Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs

Robert D. Steele, President, Open Source Solutions Group

August 4, 1995
Washington, D.C.

Minoru Sam Araki, President, Lockheed Martin Missiles & Space Company, Inc., Lockheed Martin

James W. Boginis, Vice President, Management & Data Systems, Washington Special Projects Office, Lockheed Martin

John M. Deutch, Director of Central Intelligence

Ken K. Kobayashi, General Manager, Systems Applications, Hughes Space & Communications Company

Tidal W. McCoy, Vice President for Government Relations, Thiokol Corporation

Randolph Pherson, Global Visions Group

Paul J. Redmond, Jr., Associate Deputy Director for Operations/Counterintelligence, Central Intelligence Agency

Jeffrey T. Richelson, Author

Maj. Gen. William R. Usher, USAF (Ret.), Director, Washington Special Projects Office, Lockheed Martin

Michael J. Waguespack, Director, National Counterintelligence Center

David Wise, Author

September 16, 1995
Xerox Training & Conference Center, Leesburg, Virginia

David S.C. Chu, RAND Corporation

Arnold Kanter, RAND Corporation

John Y. Schrader, RAND Corporation

October 12, 1995
Washington, D.C.

Maj. Gen. Bowen Ballard, USAF, Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence, U.S. Air Force

Richard D. Calder, Chief, Operations and Resources Management Staff, Directorate of Operations, Central Intelligence Agency

Jeremy Clark, Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense, Intelligence & Security

Rear Adm. Michael W. Cramer, USN, Director of Naval Intelligence

Dennis Fitzgerald, Director, Office of Systems Applications, National Reconnaissance Office

Maj. Gen. Patrick M. Hughes, USA, Director for Intelligence (J-2), The Joint Staff

Lt. Gen. Paul E. Menoher, USA, Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence, U.S. Army

Lt. Gen. Kenneth Minihan, USAF, Director, Defense Intelligence Agency

Maj. Gen. David Richwine, USMC, Assistant Chief of Staff, Command, Control, Communications, Computer and Intelligence; Director of Intelligence, U.S. Marine Corps

November 9, 1995
Washington, D.C.

Eugene Armstrong, Ames Damage Assessment Team, Central Intelligence Agency

Vice Adm. Dennis C. Blair, USN, Associate Director of Central Intelligence for Military Support

Dr. Richard N. Cooper, Chairman, National Intelligence Council

Jack Davis, former analyst, Central Intelligence Agency

Lloyd Feldman, Ames Damage Assessment Team, Central Intelligence Agency

Allan E. Goodman, Professor, Georgetown University

John E. McLaughlin, Vice Chairman for Estimates, National Intelligence Council

January 19, 1996
Washington, D.C.

William P. Barr, Senior Vice President and General Counsel, GTE Corporation; former Attorney General

Frank C. Carlucci, Chairman, Carlyle Group; former Secretary of Defense; former Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs; former Deputy Director of Central Intelligence

Hank Cohen, representing the American Foreign Service Association; former Ambassador

Dr. Richard N. Haass, Director of National Security Programs and Senior Fellow, Council on Foreign Relations; former Senior Director for Near East and South Asian Affairs, National Security Council Staff

Adm. Bob R. Inman, USN (Ret.), former Director, National Security Agency; former Deputy Director of Central Intelligence

James R. Lilley, Director of Asian Studies, American Enterprise Institute; former Ambassador to the People's Republic of China and Ambassador to the Republic of Korea

Dr. Joseph S. Nye, Jr., Dean, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University; former Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs; former Chairman, National Intelligence Council

February 2, 1996
Washington, D.C.

John M. Deutch, Director of Central Intelligence

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Page INT024 February 23, 1996