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Falling Behind: International Scrutiny of the Peaceful Atom

Edited by Mr. Henry D. Sokolski.

February 2008

354 Pages

Brief Synopsis

If possible, it would be useful to enhance the International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA) ability to detect and prevent nuclear diversions. This would not only reduce the current risk of nuclear proliferation, it would make the further expansion of nuclear power much less risky. The question is what is possible? To date, little has been attempted to answer this basic question. Periodic reports by the U.S. Government Accountability Office and the IAEA have highlighted budgetary, personnel, and and administrative challenges that are facing the agency. There also has been a 2-year internal IAEA review of how existing IAEA safeguards procedures might be improved. None of these assessments, however, has tackled the more fundamental question of how well the IAEA is actually doing in achieving its nuclear material accountancy mission.

Contents

Foreword

Part I: Introduction and Overview

1. Assessing the IAEA’s Ability to Verify the NPT
Henry D. Sokolski

Part II: New IAEA Inspections Possibilities

2. Can We Track Source Materials Better─Do We Need To?
Jack Edlow

3. Novel Technologies for the Detection of Undeclared Nuclear Activities
Nikolai Khlebnikov, Davide Parise, and Julian Whichello

4. Wide Area Environmental Sampling in Iran
Garry Dillon

Part III: Safeguards Limits and Premises

5. Can Nuclear Fuel Production in Iran and Elsewhere Be Safeguarded against Diversion?
Edwin S. Lyman

6. Adequacy of IAEA’s Safeguards for Achieving Timely Detection
Thomas B. Cochran

7. Managing Spent Fuel in the United States: The Illogic of Reprocessing
Frank von Hippel

8. The NPT, IAEA Safeguards and Peaceful Nuclear Energy: An “Inalienable Right,” but Precisely To What?
Robert Zarate

Part IV: The Agency’s Authority

9. The Nuclear Non-proliferation Regime: Avoiding the Void
Pierre Goldschmidt

10. The U.S.-India Civil Nuclear Cooperation Initiative: The Question of Safeguards
Quentin Michel

11. Financing IAEA Verification of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty
Thomas E. Shea

About the Contributors

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