20 May 2002
U.S.-IAEA Additional Protocol Sent to Senate
(State Department Fact Sheet) (1440)
On May 9 President Bush sent to the Senate for its advice and consent
to ratification the U.S.-International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
Additional Protocol. This is a protocol to the 1980 U.S.-IAEA
Safeguards Agreement.
The Additional Protocol seeks to strengthen the Vienna-based IAEA's
ability to detect clandestine nuclear weapons programs in non-nuclear
weapons states by giving the Agency more information and expanded
access to nuclear fuel cycle activities and sites.
Submission of the Additional Protocol [AP] to the Senate provides the
administration with another opportunity to underline the U.S.
commitment to combating the potential spread of nuclear weapons.
The United States has long championed IAEA programs to improve nuclear
safety and security and to foster the contribution of nuclear
technology to sustainable development. Since September 11, the
U.S.-supported agency has taken on a greater role in countering the
risk of nuclear terrorism.
So far, 61 nations have signed Additional Protocols; 25 have brought
them into force. Implementation of Additional Protocols is designed to
improve international confidence that non-nuclear weapons State
Parties to the 1968 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty "are not misusing
nuclear materials to develop nuclear weapons," and to reduce the risk
of nuclear proliferation.
Following is the text of the fact sheet, prepared by the State
Department's Bureau of Nonproliferation:
(begin fact sheet)
FACT SHEET
Bureau of Nonproliferation
Washington, DC
May 14, 2002
U.S.-IAEA Additional Protocol
In September 2001, President Bush told the member states of the
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) that the "IAEA is central to
the world's efforts to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons"
and that "we will look to the IAEA to continue serving as a critical
instrument to help combat the real and growth threat of nuclear
proliferation." To strengthen the hand of the IAEA, on May 9 the
President sent to the Senate for its advice and consent to
ratification the U.S.-IAEA Additional Protocol to the U.S.-IAEA
Safeguards Agreement, which entered into force in 1980. The Additional
Protocol is designed to improve the Agency's ability to detect
clandestine nuclear weapons programs in non-nuclear weapons states by
providing the IAEA with increased information about and expanded
access to nuclear fuel cycle activities and sites.
Implementation of Additional Protocols, based on the Model Additional
Protocol issued by the IAEA, in non-nuclear weapon states will improve
international confidence that non-nuclear weapon State Parties to the
Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons are not misusing
nuclear materials to develop nuclear weapons and to reduce further the
risk of nuclear proliferation. The Model Additional Protocol is
designed to provide the IAEA with increased information about and
expanded access to their nuclear fuel cycle activities and sites.
While under no obligation to do so, the United States negotiated and
signed an Additional Protocol with the IAEA. On May 9, 2002, the
President submitted that Protocol to the Senate for its advice and
consent to ratification. By taking this step, the administration
underscores U.S. commitment to combating the potential spread of
nuclear weapons, as well as demonstrates that that adherence to the
Model Protocol does not place other countries at a commercial
disadvantage. The U.S. Additional Protocol is identical to that which
non-nuclear weapons states are being asked to accept, with the
exception that that the U.S. Protocol does not obligate the United
States to apply the Protocol to activities or locations of direct
national security significance to the United States.
For many years, the United States has championed IAEA programs to
improve nuclear safety and security and to foster the contribution of
nuclear technology to sustainable development. U.S. funding and
expertise are used to maintain and strengthen IAEA monitoring of
nuclear programs worldwide, to ensure the best possible nuclear safety
practices, and to meet human needs through improved agricultural,
medical and basic industrial applications of nuclear techniques.
Since September 11, the IAEA has taken on an expanded role in
countering the risk of nuclear terrorism. The United States is
committed to working with the IAEA and its other member states to
enhance nuclear material security and to reduce the risk that any
nuclear or other radioactive material could fall into the hands of
terrorists.
Status of Additional Protocols
The following 61 States have signed IAEA Additional Protocols, 25 of
these have brought their Protocols into force.
State Board Approval Date signed In Force
1. Andorra 7 Dec 2000 9 Jan 2001
2. Armenia 23 Sept 1997 29 Sept 1997
3. Australia 23 Sept 1997 23 Sept 1997 12 Dec 1997
4. Austria1 11 June 1998 22 Sept 1998 (2)
5. Azerbaijan 7 June 2000 5 July 2000 29 Nov 2000
6. Bangladesh 25 Sept 2000 30 Mar 2001 30 Mar 2001
7. Belgium1 11 June 1998 22 Sept 1998
8. Bulgaria 14 Sept 1998 24 Sept 1998 10 Oct 2000
9. Canada 11 June 1998 24 Sept 1998 8 Sept 2000
10. China 25 Nov 1998 31 Dec 1998 28 March 2002
11. Costa Rica 29 Nov 2001 12 Dec 2001
12. Croatia 14 Sept 1998 22 Sept 1998 6 July 2000
13. Cuba 20 Sept 1999 15 Oct 1999
14. Cyprus 25 Nov 1998 29 July 1999
15. Czech
Republic 20 Sept 1999 28 Sept 1999
16. Denmark1 11 June 1998 22 Sept 1998
17. Ecuador 20 Sept 1999 1 Oct 1999 24 Oct 2001
18. Estonia 21 March 2000 13 April 2000
19. Finland1 11 June 1998 22 Sept 1998 (2)
20. France1 11 June 1998 22 Sept 1998
21. Georgia 23 Sept 1997 29 Sept 1997
22. Germany1 11 June 1998 22 Sept 1998 (2)
23. Ghana 11 June 1998 12 June 1998 provisional
24. Greece1 11 June 1998 22 Sept 1998 (2)
25. Guatemala 29 Nov 2001 14 Dec 2001
26. Haiti 20 March 2002
27. Holy See 14 Sept 1998 24 Sept 1998 24 Sept 1998
28. Hungary 25 Nov 1998 26 Nov 1998 4 April 2000
29. Indonesia 20 Sept 1999 29 Sept 1999 29 Sept 1999
30. Ireland1 11 June 1998 22 Sept 1998
31. Italy1 11 June 1998 22 Sept 1998
32. Japan 25 Nov 1998 4 Dec 1998 16 Dec 1999
33. Jordan 18 March 1998 28 July 1998 28 July 1998
34. Latvia 7 Dec 2000 12 July 2001 12 July 2001
35. Lithuania 8 Dec 1997 11 March 1998 5 July 2000
36. Luxembourg1 11 June 1998 22 Sept 1998
37. Monaco 25 Nov 1998 30 Sept 1999 30 Sept 1999
38. Mongolia 11 Sept 2001 5 Dec 2001
39. Namibia 21 March 2000 22 March 2000
40. Netherlands1 11 June 1998 22 Sept 1998 (2)
41. New Zealand 14 Sept 1998 24 Sept 1998 24 Sept 1998
42. Nigeria 7 June 2000 20 Sept 2001
43. Norway 24 March 1999 29 Sept 1999 16 May 2000
44. Panama 29 Nov 2001 11 Dec 2001 11 Dec 2001
45. Peru 10 Dec 1999 22 March 2000 23 July 2001
46. Philippines 23 Sept 1997 30 Sept 1997
47. Poland 23 Sept 1997 30 Sept 1997 5 May 2000
48. Portugal1 11 June 1998 22 Sept 1998 (2)
49. Republic of
Korea 24 March 1999 21 June 1999
50. Romania 9 June 1999 11 June 1999 7 July 2000
51. Russia 21 March 2000 22 March 2000
52. Slovakia 14 Sept 1998 27 Sept 1999
53. Slovenia 25 Nov 1998 26 Nov 1998 22 Aug 2000
54. Spain1 11 June 1998 22 Sept 1998 (2)
55. Sweden1 11 June 1998 22 Sept 1998 (2)
56. Switzerland 7 June 2000 16 June 2000
57. Turkey 7 June 2000 6 July 2000 17 July 2001
58. Ukraine 7 June 2000 15 Aug 2000
59. United
Kingdom1 11 June 1998 22 Sept 1998 (2)
60. United States
of America 11 June 1998 12 June 1998
61. Uruguay 23 Sept 1997 29 Sept 1997
62. Uzbekistan 14 Sept 1998 22 Sept 1998 21 Dec 1998
TOTALS 62 61 25
The IAEA BOG [Board of Governors] approved the IAEA-EURATOM [European
Atomic Energy Community] Additional Protocol on June 11, 1998, and it
was signed on September 22, 1998.
1 All 15 EU [European Union] States have concluded Additional
Protocols with EURATOM and the Agency.
(2) The Agency has received notification from these States that they
have fulfilled their own internal requirements for entry into force.
The AP will enter into force on the date when the Agency receives
written notification from the EU States and EURATOM that their
respective requirements for entry into force have been met.
(end fact sheet)
(Distributed by the Office of International Information Programs, U.S.
Department of State. Web site: http://usinfo.state.gov)
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