SCUD CHEMICAL AGENT COVERAGE PATTERNS - AUG 90
Filename:0508rept.00d
Subject: SCUD CHEMICAL AGENT COVERAGE PATTERNS - AUG 90
Weapon / Agent Type / Fill Weight: SCUD B / GF / 352 kg Weapon
Burst Height: 1,000 m AGL
Met Condition: 98 deg F, 5 m/s windspeed, Pasquill category D
(neutral)
Time After Weapon Burst: 5 minutes
Distance Deposition Dosage
Downwind (m) (mg/m**2) (mg-
min/m**3)
O O O
1050 20 0
1080 120
1140 210 6
1200 310 11
1230 400 14
1320 500 21
1470 590 28
1590 590 29
1860 510 21
2160 400 8
2340 330 3
2370 270 2
2430 91
2490 17 0
2520 0 0
Time After Weapon Burst: 60 minutes
Distance Deposition Dosage
Downwind (m) (mg/m**2) (mg-
min/m**3)
O O O
1050 5 0
1080 31 8
1140 51 35
1200 73 60
1260 100 90
1440 120 150
1470 120 160
1680 100 180
1890 77 170
2200 49 140
2640 25 87
3180 10 48
3990 2 18
4220 0 10
4800 0
Weapon / Agent Type / Fill Weight: SCUD B / HD / 396 kg
Weapon Burst Height: 1,000 m AGL
Met Condition: 98 deg F, 5 m/s windspeed, Pasquill category D
(neutral)
Time After Weapon Burst: 5 minutes
Distance Deposition Dosage
Downwind (m) (mg/m**2) (mg-
min/m**3)
O O O
990 75 2
1020 170 6
1080 270 9
1110 390 16
1140 480 22
1200 600 31
1290 690 40
1380 740 45
1440 740 49
1590 690 46
1770 600 36
1950 520 25
2130 410 13
2340 310 6
2400 170 5
2430 98 4
2460 50 2
2490 0
2540 0 0
Time After Weapon Burst: 60 minutes
Distance Deposition Dosage
Downwind (m) (mg/m**2) (mg-
min/m**3)
O O O
990 16 8
1050 41 40
1110 80 80
1170 110 120
1320 120 200
1440 110 250
1680 81 250
1950 50 210
2280 26 160
2730 10 89
3000 5 59
3390 2 35
3690 1 23
3950 0 15
4140 0 9
4340 0 4
4900 0
7050 0 0
Question 3. Amount of GF and GB agents in the Iraqi arsenal?
Answer #3: The exact amount of GF and GB is not known.
Resumption of Sarin, GF, and mustard production was reported
at the Samarra Chemical Warfare Facility during Spring 1990. [
(b)(1) sec 1.3(a)(4) ] April 1990 but also indicates
cessation of activity in late July 1990.
Based upon activity noted at some of the individual CW plants
and their estimated production capacity, a total of 150-250 MT
of Sarin and GF could have been produced. This would be enough
to fill about eighteen (18) to twenty (20) thousand 122 mm
artillery rockets if all the nerve agent were used for these
rockets or approximately 2,500-4,500 two hundred and fifty
kilogram aerial bombs if all the nerve agent were placed in
bombs. In reality the Iraqis have probably produced a variety
of munitions for their anticipated needs. The numbers of
munitions are only provided to give an overall appreciation
for the number of munitions in question and should not repeat
should not be construed as being the actual numbers available.
Question 4. Which of the following missiles can carry chemical
agents? --SCUD B --Abbas --Hussein If any, which agent is most
likely to be carried.
Answer #4: The SCUD B, Al Abbas, and Al Hussein are all
believed capable of carrying chemical warheads. The SCUD B is
capable of carrying the most CW agent to its maximum range of
approximately 300 kilometers. The Abbas and Hussein would
carry less CW agent to their maximum ranges since both
missiles, in whole or part, acquire extended range by reducing
the payload. For any of the missiles, a unitary CW warhead
would deliver more CW agent than a binary warhead. A binary
system requires segregation of the chemical binary components
prior to launch and may also need a device for mixing the
binary components while in flight. All this adds weight and
subtracts from the amount of agent deliverable. Additionally,
the chemical reaction of the binary components, yielding
agent, will not go to 100 percent during missile flight
thereby reducing the amount of deliverable CW agent.
The type of chemical agent deliverable is dependent upon
whether the chemical warhead is binary or unitary. It's known
that the Iraqis tested a binary chemical warhead on a missile
in the Spring of 1990 and we believe that a limited number of
such warheads are available. We do not exclude the possibility
that unitary CW warheads are available.
Binary Chemical Warheads: There are only two confirmed Iraqi
CW agents, Sarin and GF, which can be used for binary
warheads. Sarin is suitable since it can be produced by mixing
difluorophosphonic acid (Difluoro or DF) with isopropyl
alcohol. GF is suitable since it can be produced by mixing
Difluoro with a different type of alcohol, cyclohexanol. The
only other possibility would be nerve agent Soman which
theoretically could be made in a binary system by mixing
Difluoro with pinocolyl alcohol. We know the Iraqis have tried
to acquire pinocolyl alcohol since 1988 but do not believe
they were successful. The Iraqis would want to deliver the CW
agent with the most persistence. Of the three agents
mentioned, GF would be the most likely CW agent delivered in a
binary system.
Unitary Chemical Warheads: Unitary warheads would permit the
Iraqis to deliver any of the CW agents in their inventory. The
agents of choice would be the most persistent-- VX and/or
mustard. Mustard is a confirmed agent. Three-to-five hundred
metric tons of mustard are believed available in munitions and
bulk. We know the Iraqis have the technology and equipment to
produce VX. Precursor chemicals have been in country since
1988 which would enable them to produce as much as two hundred
metric tons of VX. We believe VX has been produced but do not
know how much. If a limited amount (e.g. ten metric tons) of
VX is available, this would be enough for approximately twenty
SCUD B chemical warheads.
Question 5. Type of artillery commonly used by Iraq for CW
delivery.
Answer #5: One hundred and twenty-two (122) millimeter rockets
were widely used by the Iraqis during the final phase of the
Iran/Iraq War. For example, in the short-lived Al Faw battle
in April 1988, an estimated 1500-2,000 122 mm rockets were
used. The Iraqis devised rockets with an inner metal tube
which would accept at least two, and possibly three, plastic
bottles containing CW agent. The plastic bottles enable the
Iraqis to mix or match chemical agents. Each rocket is
assessed to carry 8-12 kilograms of agent. The Iraqis used 82
mm mortars to deliver the riot control agent, CS, and probably
mustard, as well as 120 mm mortars for Sarin, mustard, and CS.
Tube artillery included: 130 mm for Sarin and mustard; 152 mm
for Sarin, GF and CS; and 155 mm for Sarin, GF and mustard.
Question 7. Request info on chemical agent contaminating
radius primarily for SCUD but also for other commonly used CW
agent delivery systems: --105 degrees --O kts wind --Terrain:
desert pavement --Fuzing: airburst
Answer #7: The following information is preliminary repeat
preliminary based upon programs available at the time of your
request. Meteorological conditions are not as requested and CW
warhead fill weights would be too low for unitary SCUD B
warheads. More refined and comprehensive information on
missile warheads and other known Iraqi chemical munitions will
be provided as soon as possible under separate cover.
IRAQI CHEMICAL MUNITIONS
KNOWN IRAQI
CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS
~A GB GF HD CS D-HD RemarkS
? X(P) X
1.6kg X X
1.6kg X
3.0kg 3.0kg X
3.0kg X X
? ? X
8.0kg X
X SSkg X
? 512kg (at 300km)
? 80kg (at 6OOkm)
? 22Okg (at 6OOkm)
* Preferrod weapon for artillery chemical attacks
** unguided rocket
*** binary chemical fills
* * * * binary and uni tary f i lls
? assessed fills are sarin and/or GF p possible
GA = Tabun, non-persistent nerve agent
GB = Sarin, non-persistent nerve agent
GF = GF, semipersistent nerve agent
HD = Mustard ( sulfur), persistent blister agent
CS = Riot control agent, not considered a CW agent by U.S.
D-HD = Dusty mustard
IRAQI CHEMICAL MUNITIONS
KNOWN IRAQI
CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS
~A GB GF HD CS D-HD RemarkS
? X(P) X
1.6kg X X
1.6kg X
3.0kg 3.0kg X
3.0kg X X
? ? X
8.0kg X
X SSkg X
? 512kg (at 300km)
? 80kg (at 6OOkm)
? 22Okg (at 6OOkm)
* Preferred weapon for artillery chemical attacks
** unguided rocket
*** binary chemical fills
* * * * binary and uni tary f i lls
? assessed fills are sarin and/or GF p possible
GA = Tabun, non-persistent nerve agent
GB = Sarin, non-persistent nerve agent
GF = GF, semipersistent nerve agent
HD = Mustard ( sulfur), persistent blister agent
CS = Riot control agent, not considered a CW agent by U.S.
D-HD = Dusty mustard
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