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HYPOTHETICAL BIOLOGICAL WARFARE ATTACK WITH ANTHRAX:
Filename:024pgv.00p
Subject: HYPOTHETICAL BIOLOGICAL WARFARE ATTACK WITH ANTHRAX:
Assumptions and Conditions:
1.    East to Northeast wind at ten miles per hour with neutral to
moderately stable conditions.
      -East to Northeast winds occur approximately 20-25 percent 
of
      the time (i.e. 6-7 days/month).
      -Neutral to moderately stable conditions occur approximately
      75 percent of the time.
      The most probable time for these conditions to occur is from
      1500-2000.
2.   The Saudi coast would be attacked along a 100-mile (160-km)
line by several boats with aerosol generators about two miles off
the coast.
      -four boats traveling at 25 mph could disseminate the 
anthrax
      in one hour; obviously less time if more boats or faster
      speeds.
      -a minimum of 200 gallons (total) of liquid anthrax (500
      billion spores per milliliter) would be disseminated.
      -the type of aerosol generators acquired by the Iraqis can
      disseminate over 700 hundred gallons of agent per hour. This
      is more than enough capacity.
Anticipated Results:
      -coastal facilities would be heavily contaminated within 15-
      30 minutes with high casualties.
      -the western edge of the major oil field is 50-100 miles 	 
       (100-150 kms) from the coast thereby requiring 5-10 hours 
for        the forward edge of the anthrax cloud to encompass the 
field        with a wind speed of 10 mph. Its possible for proper
      meteorological conditions to be maintained for this period.
      Casualties would be lower than at the coast due to agent
      dilution. Contamination of the major oil fields would
      effectively shut down Saudi oil production.
      -Riyadh is approximately 175 miles from the coast and would
      require 17-18 hours for the aerosol cloud to reach it. It is
      possible, but unlikely, that meteorological conditions
      would hold for that period. Casualties would be even lower 
if
      Riyadh were reached--again due to agent dilution.
Potential Problems for the Iraqis:
1.  Unfavorable weather conditions could result in dissipation of
the aerosol cloud shortly after reaching the coast, thereby
limiting its effect. The BW attack would be detected with the
first casualties.
2.  An unexpected shift in the wind could blow the agent cloud
toward and into Kuwait, out to sea and into Iran, or into Qatar.
CONCLUSION:
Although the Iraqis are technically capable of a coastal attack,
it is unlikely they would risk the adverse political and military
consequences if the attack were conducted but went wrong. The
Iraqis would have to be quite desperate or willing to gamble for
very high stakes to conduct such an attack.