IIR 2 764 0078 91/DESERT SHIELD--IRAQI COMMAND AND CONTROL
Filename:27640078.91r
PATHFINDER RECORD NUMBER: 28308
GENDATE: 950504
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TEXT:
ENVELOPE CDSN = LGX878 MCN = 90347/04943 TOR = 903470250
PTTSZYUW RUEKJCS0692 3470252- --RUEALGX.
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HEADER P 130252Z DEC 90
FM JOINT STAFF WASHINGTON DC
INFO RUENAAA/CNO WASHINGTON DC
RUEAHQA/CSAF WASHINGTON DC
RUEACMC/CMC WASHINGTON DC
RUEDADA/AFIS AMHS BOLLING AFB DC
RUFGAID/USEUCOM AIDES VAIHINGEN GE
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RUSNNOA/USCINCEUR VAIHINGEN GE//ECJ2//
RUFTAKA/USA INTEL CENTER HEIDELBERG GE
RUFTAKC/UDITDUSAREUR HEIDELBERG GE
RHDLCNE/CINCUSNAVEUR LONDON UK//N24/N22//
RHFPRWO/RWO RAMSTEIN AB GE//IN/IV/SP//
RUDOGHA/USNMR SHAPE BE//SURVEY//
RUEALGX/SAFE
P 121533Z DEC 90
FM CDRUSAOPSGP FT GEORGE G MEADE MD //IAGPC-CM//
TO RUEKJCS/DIA WASHDC //DC-4A/DAH-3/DAH-6/DB-8/OICC//
RUEADWD/DA WASHDC //DAMI-POH/DAMI-FII//
RUDHAAA/CDRINSCOM FT BELVOIR VA //IAOPS-H-C//
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RUETIAA/NSACSS FT MEADE MD //T5232//
RUEAIIA/CIA WASHDC
RHEPAAB/TAC IDHS LANGLEY AFB VA //INPC//
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RUDHSIC/CDRUSASOIC WASHINGTON DC //DI//
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SECTION 01 OF 02
SERIAL: (U) IIR 2 764 0078 91.
/*********** THIS IS A COMBINED MESSAGE ************/
BODY -
PASS: (U) NSACSS FOR ZKZK PP DXD DE FOR INFO.
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COUNTRY: (U) IRAQ (IZ).
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SUBJ: IIR 2 764 0078 91/DESERT SHIELD--IRAQI COMMAND AND CONTROL
SEQUENCE FOR A CHEMICAL MUNITIONS ATTACK (U).
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WARNING: (U) THIS IS AN INFORMATION REPORT, NOT FINALLY EVALUATED
INTELLIGENCE. REPORT CLASSIFIED
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DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
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DOI: (U) 881130.
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REQS: (U) T-8C2-2650-01-90; T-8C2-1100-62-90; T-SCR-005-90.
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SOURCE: ([ (b)(1) sec 1.3(a)(4) ][ (b)(7)(D) ]
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SUMMARY: DURING THE COURSE OF THE IRAN-IRAQ WAR, IRAQ
UTILIZED A SPECIFIC COMMAND AND CONTROL SEQUENCE FOR THE EXECUTION
OF CHEMICAL ATTACKS. PRESIDENT SADDAM ((HUSAYN)) RETAINED THE
FINAL AUTHORITY FOR MISSION APPROVAL AND EXECUTION. DELIVERY OF
CHEMICAL MUNITIONS WAS PRIMARILY VIA AIRCRAFT.
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TEXT: 1. AUTHORITY TO INITIATE ATTACKS--DURING THE
COURSE OF THE IRAN-IRAQ WAR, IRAQ UTILIZED A SPECIFIC COMMAND AND
CONTROL SEQUENCE FOR THE EXECUTION OF CHEMICAL ATTACKS. THE IRAQI
MINISTRY OF DEFENSE (MOD) COULD PROPOSE A CHEMICAL ATTACK;
HOWEVER,
PRESIDENT SADDAM ((HUSAYN)) RETAINED THE RELEASE AUTHORITY FOR ALL
"SPECIAL" ATTACKS, TO INCLUDE USE OF ALL TYPES OF CHEMICAL
WEAPONS. NO ONE ELSE WAS ALLOWED TO MAKE THE DECISION TO EXECUTE
CHEMICAL ATTACKS. IRAQI MOD DOCTRINE FOR USE OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS
IS BASED UPON THE PRINCIPLE THAT CHEMICAL WEAPONS CAN DEMORALIZE
AND PROVOKE FEAR IN THE ENEMY AND THIS ABILITY IS AS IMPORTANT AS
THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CAPACITY TO INFLICT BATTLEFIELD CASUALTIES.
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2. DELIVERY SYSTEMS--IRAQI AIR FORCE AIRCRAFT WERE
THE PRIMARY MEANS FOR DELIVERY OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS TO IRANIAN
TARGETS, EVEN THOUGH IZ HAD THE CAPABILITY TO USE ROCKETS AND
ARTILLERY (NFI). IRAQI PILOTS FLYING CHEMICAL WEAPONS MISSIONS
WERE CONSIDERED TO BE SPECIAL AND WERE CLEARED FOR THESE MISSIONS
IN ACCORDANCE WITH UNKNOWN SELECTION CRITERIA. THE NUMBER OF IRAQI
AIR FORCE PERSONNEL HAVING PRIOR KNOWLEDGE OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS USE
WAS KEPT TO A MINIMUM AND WAS RESTRICTED TO THOSE PERSONNEL HAVING
A NEED-TO-KNOW. AN AIRCRAFT DESIGNATED TO DELIVER CHEMICAL WEAPONS
WOULD NOT BE LISTED ON THE DAILY FLIGHT PLANS. PILOTS OF AIRCRAFT
CARRYING CONVENTIONAL PAYLOADS WOULD NOT BE AWARE OF THE CHEMICAL
PAYLOAD OF A FELLOW PILOT IN THE SAME FLIGHT.
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3. GROUND TO AIR CONTROL--WITH THESE SPECIAL
MISSIONS, INSTRUCTIONS WERE ISSUED TO THE PILOT PRIOR TO HIS TAKE
OFF, AND ONLY A "GO/NO GO" SIGNAL REMAINED TO BE GIVEN AFTER TAKE
OFF. THE GO/NO GO INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE PILOT WERE SENT FROM THE
MOD LEVEL TO THE LOCAL GEOGRAPHIC TACTICAL OPERATIONS CENTER
(TOC). THIS GO/NO GO COMMAND WAS NORMALLY SENT VIA MULTICHANNEL
COMMUNICATIONS. THE TOC RETRANSMITTED THE COMMAND TO THE GROUND
CONTROL STATION LOCATED ALONG THE APPROXIMATE ROUTE OF FLIGHT. AS
THE AIRCRAFT FLEW OVER THIS LOCATION, A LOW POWER FREQUENCY
MODULATION (FM) MESSAGE WAS BROADCASTED. THIS MESSAGE CONSISTED OF
A BREVITY CODE OR CLICK COUNT TRANSMITTED BY KEYING THE MICROPHONE
TO BREAK SQUELCH. ONLY THE PILOT CARRYING THE CHEMICAL MUNITIONS
KNEW THE MEANING OF THE BREVITY CODE OR THE BREAK SQUELCH.
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4. RADIO SILENCE DURING SPECIAL FLIGHTS--DURING
THESE SPECIAL MISSIONS, VOICE TRANSMISSIONS FROM RADAR SITES WERE
PROHIBITED. SINCE THE SPECIAL AIRCRAFT WAS/WERE NOT LISTED ON THE
DAILY FLIGHT PLANS, THE RADIO SILENCE PREVENTED FRIENDLY IRAQI
RADAR SITES FROM THE INADVERTANT DISCLOSURE OF CHEMICAL MISSIONS
TO
THE IRANIANS THROUGH THEIR CHALLENGING OF UNLISTED AIRCRAFT OR
ANNOUNCEMENT OF THEIR OVERFLIGHT TO HIGHER HEADQUARTERS.
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COMMENTS: (U) CITE USAOG IIR 2 764 0071 91/COMMUNICATIONS
INFORMATION, FOR FURTHER DATA CONCERNING IRAQI CHEMICAL WARFARE
CAPABILITIES.
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//IPSP: (U) PGW2650; PG 1100; PGT2900//.
//COMSOBJ: (U) 211; 113; 131//.
ADMIN PROJ: (U) 213040.
COLL: (U) VT.
INSTR: (U) US NO.
PREP: (U) 2-10626.
ACQ: (U) FT MEADE, MD (901211).
DISSEM: (U) NONE FIELD: NONE SENT TO: NONE.
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WARNING: REPORT CLASS
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