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Subject: BACKGROUND ON IRAQ BIOLOGICAL WARFARE PROGRAM  
Not Finally Evaluated Intelligence 
TO FACILITATE ELECTRONIC ACCESS, THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN 
REFORMATTED TO ELIMINATE INFORMATION THAT DOES NOT PERTAIN 
TO GULF WAR ILLNESS ISSUES OR THAT IS CLASSIFIED. A COPY OF 
THIS REDACTED DOCUMENT, IN ORIGINAL FORMAT, IS AVAILABLE ON 
REQUEST. 
3. THE THREE BIOLOGICAL AGENTS INTO WHICH IRAQ CONDUCTED 
RESEARCH CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM A TOXIN, BACILLUS ANTHRACIS 
AND CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS. THE ORGANISM CLOSTRIDIUM 
PERFRINGENS NOT ITS TOXIN, WAS USED IN RESEARCH. ALL 
RESEARCH TOOK PLACE AT SALMAN PAK BUT THE LOCATION OF THE 
PRODUCTION SITE IS UNKNOWN. IRAQ WAS PURSUING THE FOLLOWING 
AREAS OF RESEARCH IN REGARDS TO EACH AGENT: 
A. CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM A TOXIN: PRODUCTION OF THE 
EXOTOXIN CONCENTRATE, TO ABOUT 10 FOLDS; STORAGE EFFECT ON 
ANIMALS; AND MEANS OF APPLICATION. 
B. BACILLUS ANTHRACIS: GROWTH OF THE ORGANISM; OPTIMAL 
MEDIA AND CONDITIONS FOR SPORULATION; CONCENTRATION; 
STORAGE; AND EXPERIMENTS ON ANIMALS. 
C. CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS: SUITABLE MEDIA AND CONDITIONS 
 FOR SPORULATION AND EXPERIMENTS ON ANIMALS.  THERE WAS NO 
RESEARCH INTO TOXIN PRODUCTION. 
4. RESEARCH FOR IRAQ'S BW PROGRAM BEGAN AT THE IBN 
AL- HAZTHAM INSTITUTE IN BAGHDAD. WHILE MILLIONS OF DOLLARS 
HAD BEEN DEVOTED TO PROGRAM ALL EFFORTS AT THIS FACILITY 
WERE STOPPED. RESEARCH RESUMED AL-MUTHANA AND WAS LATER 
TRANSFERRED TO SALMAN PAK.  WORK ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF 
CLOSTRIDIA WAS  AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BAGHDAD 
PRODUCTION OF BW AGENTS WAS ACHIEVED IN LATE 1988                       
(IT IS BELIEVED THAT SEVERAL THOUSAND LITER OF CLOSTRIDIUM 
BOTULINUM 
TOT: 92              CIA 252025 
------------------------------------------------------------ 
A TOXIN, BACILLUS ANTHRACIS, CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS WERE 
SEPARATELY FILLED,, IN CONCENTRATED LIQUID FORM, INTO THE 
BADIR 50, A 150 - LITER AIR BOMB, AND READY FOR USE.) 
SINCE THE END OF THE GULF WAR, HOWEVER, PROMINENT 
PERSONALITIES WITHIN THE IRAQI BW AND CW PROGRAMS HAVE BEEN 
TRANSFERRED TO DIFFERENT JOBS. SOME ARE WORKING ON THE 
PRODUCTION OF CHLORINE WHILE OTHERS ARE NOW FOCUSING ON THE 
RESEARCH AND PRODUCTION OF PESTICIDES.