Allawi Faces Tough Test In Al-Najaf

[ rfe/rl banner ]

Allawi Faces Tough Test In Al-Najaf

By Charles Recknagel

11 August 2004 -- As fighting rages in Al-Najaf, Iraqi interim Prime Minister Iyad Allawi has assumed a tough posture. He has ruled out negotiations with radical Shi'a cleric Muqtada al-Sadr's militia even as he invites al-Sadr himself to participate in elections in January.

So far, al-Sadr has shown no signs of ordering his forces to disarm. This leaves Allawi facing the first real test of his barely six weeks in office. Allawi has carefully cultivated a hard-line image that he believes will appeal to Iraqis desperate for greater security. But will that strategy be enough to deal with the crisis with al-Sadr?

"This amnesty is not for people who have committed crimes, who have killed. The criminals will be brought to justice." That is Allawi showing his tough side -- a side that has been much in display in recent weeks.

As he offered a 30-day amnesty on 7 August to people who had committed minor crimes involving support of the insurgency, he made it clear there would be no mercy for those involved in deadly attacks.

To emphasize the point, his government issued a decree the next day reinstating the death penalty, which had been suspended under the U.S.-led Coalition Provisional Authority.

The decree made the death penalty applicable to actions such as "endangering national security" and "crimes against transportation" -- such as ambushes and hijackings -- as well offenses like drug trafficking, rape and murder.

These measures have helped support Allawi's tough image since he became prime minister in late June. But the full measure of his hard-line approach to security came this week as he faced his first real test in office -- dealing with the renewed outbreak of fighting in Al-Najaf.

As militants loyal to al-Sadr attacked Iraqi police stations and clashed with U.S.-led coalition troops, Allawi flew to Al-Najaf from Baghdad on 9 August in an American Black Hawk combat helicopter.

After meeting with U.S. Marine commanders, Allawi vowed that there would be "no negotiation with any militia that bears arms against Iraq" and demanded gunmen leave the Shi'a shrine city.

Rime Alaf, a Mideast expert with the Royal Institute for International Affairs in London, says that Allawi forged a hard-line image in his first weeks in office in order to appeal to ordinary Iraqis desperate for greater security in their lives.

But Alaf says that Allawi's tough security stance now may put him in a no-win situation in Al-Najaf. She says that by ruling out negotiations, Allawi has repeated the position taken earlier this year by U.S. forces against insurgents in Al-Fallujah. And by doing so, he has opened himself to some of the same protests from other Iraqi leaders that ultimately forced U.S. forces to negotiate with the insurgents.

"Allawi is in a Catch-22 situation. If he wants to be tough and re-establish law and order he has to call on the Americans. And if he wants to be conciliatory, that means giving more leeway to the militants like they had in Fallujah and like, I believe, they will have no choice but to do in Najaf. There is no way that Najaf can be resolved to a satisfactory conclusion for any of the parties. If they do further damage to the holy sites, or if they kill too many of the insurgents -- this is not going to help the perception that Allawi is trying to make, of being independent of the U.S. and that this is a sovereign government," Alaf says.

The analyst says that much of Iraq's political leadership -- including the former U.S.-appointed Iraqi Governing Council (IGC), of which Allawi himself was a member -- sharply criticized the U.S. siege of Al-Fallujah as an excessive use of force. Some IGC members demanded the chance to explore what they called "Iraqi" alternatives of negotiating and consensus-building that might work better than Washington's approach.

The Al-Fallujah crisis finally ended in negotiations and the formation of a force of former soldiers from Al-Fallujah to patrol the city. Today, the city is reported to be outside of the control of U.S. forces and the central government.

Some of the same calls for "Iraqi" solutions are now beginning to be heard from within Allawi's own government in regards to the Al-Najaf crisis.

Iraq's interim Deputy President Ibrahim al-Ja'fari called on 10 August for U.S.-led multinational troops to leave Al-Najaf in order to end the fighting there. Speaking on the Arabic satellite channel Al-Jazeera -- whose Baghdad office Allawi has temporarily ordered closed -- al-Ja'fari said "Iraqi forces can administer Al-Najaf to end this phenomenon of violence in this city that is holy to all Muslims."

Al-Ja'fari also called for keeping "political bridges open" with al-Sadr and his supporters. But he said the Iraqi administration should take what he called "extraordinary" measures if the Imam Al-Mahdi Army kept fighting. He did not elaborate.

As the Al-Najaf crisis deepens, Allawi is likely to come under increasing pressure to show that he is "more Iraqi than American" -- that is, more able to solve Iraq's security problems than are the U.S. forces he has called on for help.

Unless he is able to isolate al-Sadr fully from the Shi'a mainstream and force him to disarm through community pressure, Allawi may well have to negotiate with the cleric despite his vows not to do so.

Fighting has raged in Al-Najaf since a truce brokered in June between the Imam Al-Mahdi Army and U.S. forces broke down a week ago. There is also almost daily fighting between al-Sadr loyalists and coalition forces in several other southern Iraqi cities and in areas of Baghdad.

NEWSLETTER

Join the GlobalSecurity.org mailing list

Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)

Allawi Faces Tough Test In Al-Najaf