UNITED24 - Make a charitable donation in support of Ukraine!

Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)

27 March 2003

Resolution Urges Coalition to Avoid Damage to Antiquities

(H. Con. Res. 113 cites Iraq's importance in history, Islamic art and
culture) (1540)
Representative Phil English (Republican of Pennsylvania) has
introduced a resolution in the House of Representatives that urges all
governments engaged in the Iraq War to work to "avoid damage to the
cultural antiquities in that country."
The Pennsylvania Republican submitted House Concurrent Resolution 113
(H. Con. Res. 113) to his fellow representatives March 25.
The proposed resolution was referred to the House International
Relations Committee for action.
H. Con. Res. 113 says Congress "urges all governments involved in the
military action against Iraq to work to take all reasonable measures
to avoid damage to the cultural antiquities in Iraq until hostilities
have ceased."
The proposed resolution does recognize what it terms "the paramount
importance of accomplishing the goals of the United States and allied
countries currently engaged in hostilities against Iraq and protecting
the lives of members of the United States Armed Forces, members of the
armed forces of our allies, and civilians in Iraq."
H. Con. Res. 113 goes on to enumerate the many civilizations that have
risen in what is modern day Iraq.
It also notes that the cities and rural areas of Iraq "are home to
some of the oldest human settlements in the world as well as more than
10,000 identified archaeological sites of cultural and historical
importance and tens of thousands of other unexcavated sites."
H. Con. Res. 113 adds that Iraq "continues to serve as one of the
prime centers of Islamic art and culture."
Following is the text of House Concurrent Resolution 113 from the
Congressional Record:
(begin text)
108th CONGRESS
1st Session
H. CON. RES. 113 Urging all governments involved in the military
action against Iraq to work to take all reasonable measures to avoid
damage to the cultural antiquities in Iraq until hostilities have
ceased.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
March 25, 2003
Mr. ENGLISH submitted the following concurrent resolution; which was
referred to the Committee on International Relations
CONCURRENT RESOLUTION
Urging all governments involved in the military action against Iraq to
work to take all reasonable measures to avoid damage to the cultural
antiquities in Iraq until hostilities have ceased.
Whereas the United States has assembled and deployed an allied
military coalition to apply pressure on the regime of Saddam Hussein
in Iraq to comply with all relevant United Nations Security Council
resolutions relating to Iraq;
Whereas military operations often result in the destruction and
permanent damage of irreplaceable cultural property;
Whereas cultural property is defined by the 1954 Hague Convention for
the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict as
`any moveable or immoveable property of great importance to the
cultural heritage of all people, such as monuments of architecture or
history, archaeological sites, works of art, books or any building
whose main and effective purpose is to contain cultural property';
Whereas the region of present day Iraq, located between the Tigris and
Euphrates rivers, is known as the `Cradle of Civilization', the
birthplace of varied societies that moved civilization from prehistory
to history, and the native land of many Biblical and Koranic events;
Whereas the cities and rural areas of Iraq are home to some of the
oldest human settlements in the world as well as more than 10,000
identified archaeological sites of cultural and historical importance
and tens of thousands of other unexcavated sites;
Whereas Iraq continues to serve as one of the prime centers of Islamic
art and culture;
Whereas in the 4th millennium B.C., long before the emergence of
Egyptian, Greek, or Roman culture, the Sumerian culture flourished in
the region of present day Iraq, inventing the wheel, the first plow,
the first ever sophisticated irrigation system, the earliest form of
writing (cuneiform), the first used calendar, and the first written
alphabet;
Whereas southern Iraq is home to the site of the ancient Sumerian city
of Uruk, known to many as the first true civilized city and home to
the legendary King Gilgamesh who built the city's famous great wall;
Whereas the Iraqi city of Ur, which flourished in the 3rd millennium
B.C., is known as the birthplace of Abraham and is said to be the
possible location of the Garden of Eden;
Whereas the city of Ur holds one of the world's oldest and most
important ziggurats, a high rising temple of sun baked brick with
outside staircases leading to the shrine on top, partially excavated
but yet to be completely uncovered;
Whereas the city of Ur is the location of one of the greatest
archaeological finds of the 20th century, a cemetery in which ancient
Sumerian royalty were buried along with their servants and extravagant
treasures;
Whereas near the city of Ur is the archaeological site of Tel
Al-Ubaid, where ancient terra-cotta pottery and sculptures dating back
to 4,500 B.C. were unearthed;
Whereas the Akkadian people briefly ruled the region of present day
Iraq in the 2nd millennium B.C. and developed the capital city of
Babylon which became the commercial and cultural center of the Middle
East for 2,000 years;
Whereas the city of Babylon, flourishing from approximately 1700 to
the 6th century B.C., was the center of operations for historical
leaders such as Hammurabi, Nebuchadnezzar, and Alexander the Great;
Whereas Babylon was home to the captive Israelites in the Biblical
book of Exodus and the location of great archaeological finds
including the Ishtar Gate, an enormous brick entryway into the ancient
city, and tentatively named as the site for the Hanging Gardens, one
of the Seven Wonders of the World, and the Biblically-referenced Tower
of Babel;
Whereas the site of Nippur, approximately 100 miles south of Babylon,
has yielded a vast collection of pre-Islamic pottery and the oldest
known record of a murder trial, chronicled on a clay tablet dating
back to 1850 B.C.;
Whereas in 762 B.C., the city of Baghdad, founded under the rule of
Abo al Abbas, the first caliph of the Abbasid dynasty, was the central
commercial, cultural, philosophical, and intellectual capital of the
world during the Middle Ages and was seen by many as the Islamic
capital of the world during the 10th century;
Whereas the city of Baghdad contains the Kadhimain mosque and shrine,
many medieval buildings, including other tombs, mosques, minarets, and
the 13th century Mustansiriya;
Whereas located sixty miles east of Baghdad is the modern city of
Samarra, the home to the famous Great Mosque, which among other
things, is the tomb of Imam Ali and his son Husein, the founders of
the Shiite branch of Islam;
Whereas located in Iraq's third largest city, Mosul, are the ruins of
Nimrud, including a Great Mosque, dating from 172 A.D., and an ancient
leaning brick minaret, dating from 640 A.D.;
Whereas near the city of Mosul is located the site of the ancient city
of Nineveh, referenced by Biblical prophet Zephaniah and the site of
the prophet Jonah's sermons, including royal Assyrian palaces and more
than 20,000 cuneiform tablets from King Ashurbanipal's library;
Whereas the site of the ancient city of Hatra, located near Mosul, is
known as the `City of the Sun' which holds many archaeological remains
because it served as a trade and military route along the Tigris
river;
Whereas located at the site of the Parthian capital of Ctesiphon, 20
miles southeast of Baghdad, are the remains of a gigantic vaulted
hall, the Taq Kisra, which has one of the largest single-span brick
arches in the world and was damaged by shock from explosions in the
1991 Persian Gulf War;
Whereas the modern city of Khorsabad stands on the ruins of an ancient
city called Dur-Sharrukin, where among many other priceless treasures,
fragments of a colossal human-headed winged bull was found;
Whereas the Iraqi city of Assur holds great works of art from the
royal Assyrian workshops of the 13th century B.C., residences of
merchants from the 18th century B.C., and temples built before the
21st century B.C.;
Whereas it should be recognized that the aforementioned Iraqi cities
and archaeological sites comprises an extensive list of endangered
cultural antiquities, but the list is not a comprehensive list;
Whereas it is understood that the success of a United States-led
military campaign will require military contingencies to consider all
strategic options and compelling concerns in the formulation of
operational plans; and
Whereas Congress has expressed the support and appreciation of the
Nation for the President and the members of the Armed Forces who are
participating in `Operation Iraqi Freedom': Now, therefore, be it
Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate concurring),
That, recognizing the paramount importance of accomplishing the goals
of the United States and allied countries currently engaged in
hostilities against Iraq and protecting the lives of members of the
United States Armed Forces, members of the armed forces of our allies,
and civilians in Iraq, Congress urges all governments involved in the
military action against Iraq to work to take all reasonable measures
to avoid damage to the cultural antiquities in Iraq until hostilities
have ceased.
(end text)
(Distributed by the Office of International Information Programs, U.S.
Department of State. Web site: http://usinfo.state.gov)



NEWSLETTER
Join the GlobalSecurity.org mailing list