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11 February 2003

Grossman: U.S. Would Stay in Iraq as Long as Necessary

(Under Secretary of State testifies to Senate Foreign Relations
Committee) (2430)
The United States is committed to stay in Iraq as long as necessary to
disarm the country of its weapons of mass destruction and to launch
the reconstruction process, "but not one day more," says Marc
Grossman, under secretary of state for political affairs.
Grossman, in prepared testimony to a Senate Foreign Relations
Committee hearing February 11 on Iraq after Saddam Hussein, said "job
no. 1" is "to see Iraq disarmed of its weapons of mass destruction
[WMD]."
"We will focus on weapons and delivery systems, bulk agents, related
infrastructure, and Iraq's technical and scientific expertise,"
Grossman said.
"If we have to act, we will have allies," Grossman said. Twenty-six
countries are providing the United States with access, basing or
overflight rights -- or a combination of those three, he said.
Eighteen more countries have granted the United States access, basing
or overflight rights based on a contingency request for the rights, or
have volunteered them should the United States need them, Grossman
said.
In addition, 19 countries have offered military assets or other
resources, he said, noting that this number includes many countries
that have granted access, basing and overflight rights, but also a
number of additional countries.
Grossman also touched on humanitarian aid to civilians in the event of
a conflict. "U.S. government agencies are engaged in planning to meet
Iraq's humanitarian needs with an emphasis on civilian-military
coordination," he said. A total of $50 million has been made available
to support the planning process, he said. "As a result, food, shelter
and water bladders are ready," he said.
As for the reconstruction of Iraq, the U.S. interagency effort has
focused on education, health, water and sanitation, electricity,
shelter, transportation, the rule of law, agriculture, communications,
economic policy and financial policy, Grossman said. Also, the United
States would take steps "to protect and preserve Iraq's oil sector,
and we will support the efforts of Iraqis to restore production," he
said.
Finally, Grossman touched on what a transition might look like. He
posited three stages: stabilization, where a military coalition would
provide security, order and stability; transition, where Iraqi
institutions progressively receive authority; and transformation,
which would come after Iraqis have approved a new, democratic
constitution and held free and fair elections for a new government.
Following is the text of Grossman's prepared remarks:
(begin text)
Marc Grossman, Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs
Testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee
Washington, D.C.
February 11, 2003
As Prepared
Mr. Chairman, Members of the Committee.
Thank you for inviting us to talk about post-Saddam Iraq.
This is my first opportunity to testify before this Committee in the
108th Congress. I congratulate Senator Lugar on his Chairmanship.
Senator Biden, we thank you as well for your leadership in this
Committee last year.
I also want to second Secretary Powell's thanks to all the members of
the Committee for your strong support for the men and women of the
State Department.
Mr. Chairman, members of this committee need no introduction to the
subject of Iraq and the regime of Saddam Hussein. As Secretary Powell
told the United Nations Security Council on February 5, "Leaving
Saddam Hussein in possession of weapons of mass destruction for a few
more months or years is not an option, not in a post-September 11th
world."
The day after his address to the U.N. Security Council, Secretary
Powell came before this committee and said, "The President does not
like war, does not want a war. But this is not a problem we can walk
away from."
Mr. Chairman, our testimony today will in some ways be like a
consultation. Many of the policies Under Secretary Feith and I will
describe are still under discussion in the administration. President
Bush has not made final decisions about if and when to use military
force to disarm Iraq, nor has he made any final decisions about
exactly how the United States will proceed with respect to Iraq after
a conflict, if one is required. Although we may not be able to
describe final decisions, we are not without clear guidance. On
January 20, President Bush directed all relevant agencies of the
government to focus their attention on Iraq post-war planning. Under
Secretary Feith will describe to you the planning office at the
Pentagon. The President's direction is clear: If it becomes necessary
for a U.S.-led military coalition to liberate Iraq, the United States
will want to be in a position to help meet the humanitarian,
reconstruction and administrative challenges facing the country in the
immediate aftermath of combat operations.
Before I offer some views on what that future might look like, let me
first lay this base. If we have to act, we will have allies.
-- 26 countries are providing us with access, basing or overflight
rights, or some combination of the three.
-- Another 18 countries have granted us access, basing or overflight
rights based on our contingency request for those rights, or have come
forward voluntarily to offer such rights to us, should we wish to make
use of them.
-- 19 countries have offered us military assets or other resources.
This number includes many countries that have granted us access,
basing and overflight rights, but also a number of additional
countries.
Mr. Chairman, let me now highlight five subjects.
First, I want to offer some of the principles that guide our thinking
about the future of Iraq.
Second, I want to stress the importance of ridding Iraq of its weapons
of mass destruction.
Third, a report on what we are planning on the humanitarian front.
Fourth, some words on our planning for reconstruction.
Fifth, on the political front, I want to tell you about the work we
have been doing on what post-Saddam Hussein Iraq ought to look like.
I. Guiding Principles
Mr. Chairman, if it should be necessary for the United States to take
military action, these principles will guide our thinking.
-- First, we will demonstrate to the Iraqi people and the world that
the United States wants to liberate, not occupy Iraq or control Iraqis
or their economic resources.
-- Second, we must eliminate Iraq's chemical and biological weapons,
its nuclear program and its related delivery systems
-- Third, we must also eliminate Iraq's terrorist infrastructure.
-- Fourth, safeguard the territorial unity of Iraq. The United States
does not support Iraq's disintegration.
-- Fifth, begin the process of economic and political reconstruction,
working to put Iraq on a path to become a prosperous and free country.
This job will take a sustained commitment. The United States is
committed to stay as long as is necessary in Iraq, but not one day
more.
II. Weapons of Mass Destruction
Mr. Chairman, President Bush is determined to see Iraq disarmed of its
weapons of mass destruction [WMD]. That is job No. 1 today, during a
conflict if there is one, and in the days after.
Locating, securing and disposing of Iraq's WMD capabilities will be an
urgent priority. We will focus on weapons and delivery systems, bulk
agents, related infrastructure, dual-use infrastructure, and Iraq's
technical and scientific expertise.
Ensuring that the U.S. government has the capacity to do all this is
the work of a broad interagency task force, chaired at the NSC
[National Security Council]. We are working to decrease the
possibility of the Iraqi regime using WMD before or during any
military action, and we are in discussions with other countries to
establish a program to eliminate the Iraqi WMD program after regime
change in Baghdad. A number of our allies are cooperating with us in
this area, including helping prepare for a response to incidents that
Saddam Hussein might provoke.
Under Secretary Feith will have more to say on this.
III. Meeting Iraq's Humanitarian Needs
Mr. Chairman, my third point is what we are planning to do to meet
Iraq's humanitarian needs.
In the event of a military conflict, our immediate objective will be
to provide humanitarian assistance to civilians. Those who have fled
their homes in fear will have to be cared for. Essential supply lines
for food, medicine, water, and fuel will have to be restored.
Mr. Chairman, U.S. government agencies are engaged in planning to meet
Iraq's humanitarian needs with an emphasis on civilian-military
coordination. This effort is led by the National Security Council and
OMB [Office of Management and Budget]. USAID [U.S. Agency for
International Development] and State are engaged with the
non-governmental organizations and international organizations who
will be important partners in addressing Iraq's humanitarian needs.
Civilian and military officials regularly consult and coordinate
plans.
President Bush has authorized $15 million dollars to support this
planning process and an additional $35 million has been made available
from existing accounts. Other donors are also responding to the U.N.'s
request for preparedness support. As a result, food, shelter items and
water bladders are ready. A substantial amount of work has been done
on meeting the humanitarian needs of the Iraqi people, and still more
is being done by a number of agencies and organizations in Washington,
New York and around the world.
IV. Reconstruction
Mr. Chairman, let me turn to the fourth area: reconstruction. Iraqis
will face the task of reconstructing of a country that has been
subjected to decades of neglect and mismanagement. There has been a
tremendous interagency effort, led by the National Security Council
and the Office of Management and Budget, to think through
reconstruction needs and objectives. The interagency effort has
focused on a number of priority program areas including education,
health, water and sanitation, electricity, shelter, transportation,
rule of law, agriculture, communications and economic and financial
policy. I hope you won't be surprised to learn that many of these
priority program areas overlap exactly with the working groups in the
Future of Iraq Project, which I will describe next.
With regard to the oil sector, our guiding principle is that Iraq's
oil belongs to all of the Iraqi people. We are committed to ensuring
that any action taken in this area is for the benefit of the Iraqi
people. Should military action be required in Iraq, the U.S. will take
steps to protect and preserve Iraq's oil sector, and we will support
the efforts of Iraqis to restore production. Under Secretary Feith
will have more to stay on this.
V. The Political Future
The United States is committed to helping Iraqis rebuild their country
politically as well as physically.
Last March, the Bush administration announced the Future of Iraq
project. In consultations with "free Iraqis," we developed 17 working
groups. The purpose of these is to begin practical planning for what
could be done between now and the date of a change of government in
Baghdad, and in the immediate aftermath of a transition. The subjects
of the working groups include:
1. Transitional Justice; 2. Public Finance; 3. Democratic Principles;
4. Public Health and Humanitarian Issues; 5. Public Outreach; 6.
Water, Agriculture & the Environment; 7. Economy and Infrastructure;
8. Local Government; 9. Defense Policy; 10. Oil & Energy; 11.
Education; 12. Anti-Corruption Issues; 13. Civil Society-Capacity
Building; 14. Building a Free Media; 15. Return of Refugees and
Internally Displaced Persons; 16. Foreign Policy; 17. Preserving
Iraq's Cultural Heritage.
Each of the working groups brings together about 10-20 Iraqi experts
to discuss the Iraqis' thoughts and plans for what can be done now,
and in the aftermath of a change of government in Baghdad, to improve
the lives of the Iraqi people. Here are some examples of the work that
Iraqi experts have done:
-- In the legal field, for example, the Iraqi lawyers in the
Transitional Justice working group have drafted 600 pages, in Arabic,
of proposed reforms of the Criminal Code, the Criminal Procedure Code,
the Civil Code, the Nationality Law, the Military Procedure Code and
more; proposals for the trial of Saddam Hussein and his top
associates; proposals for national reconciliation, and the reform of
the police, the courts and the prisons.
-- The Economy & Infrastructure; Public Finance; and Water,
Agriculture & the Environment working groups have prepared proposals
for the transition of the Oil-for-Food program to better meet the
basic needs of food and medicine of the Iraqi people. The Iraqis also
have plans for reconstruction of four key sectors: Electricity,
Communications, Water, and Agriculture.
Both we and the Iraqis we are meeting make the point that Iraqis on
the outside will not control decisions that will, ultimately, have to
be made by all Iraqis. The Iraqi diaspora is a great resource but not
a substitute for what all Iraqis will need to do together to work
towards democracy in their country. Both we and free Iraqis look
forward to the day when all Iraqis are able to talk freely and work
together to build a free and democratic Iraq.
And while we are listening to what the Iraqis are telling us, at the
end of the day, the United States Government will make its decisions
based on what is in the national interest of the United States.
What the Transition Might Look Like
Mr. Chairman, let me conclude with a short observation about how we
get to this future for Iraq, recognizing that no decisions have been
made on structure or timing. The administration is still considering
these issues, and discussing ideas with free Iraqis who are in the
political opposition, technocrats, intellectuals and others. We are
also consulting with our close allies and with you. Conceptually,
there are three stages: (1)Stabilization, where an interim coalition
military administration will focus on security, stability and order;
laying the groundwork for stage 2. (2)Transition, where authority is
progressively given to Iraqi institutions as part of the development
of a democratic Iraq. (3)Transformation, after Iraqis have drafted,
debated and approved a new, democratic constitution and held free and
fair elections, the only way for any future Iraqi government to be
truly legitimate.
Mr. Chairman, I recognize my testimony today has been only the start
of an effort to answer your questions about the future of Iraq. There
are many uncertainties. What I am certain about is that we seek an
Iraq that is democratic, unified, multi-ethnic, with no weapons of
mass destruction, which has cut its links to all terrorists, and is at
peace with its neighbors. We expect to stay in close touch with you
over the coming weeks.
(end text)
(Distributed by the Office of International Information Programs, U.S.
Department of State. Web site: http://usinfo.state.gov)