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Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)

Washington File

16 May 2003

U.S. Investigators Pursue Recovery of Iraqi Antiquities

(Broader international cooperation sought in process) (770)
By Jacquelyn S. Porth
Washington File Security Affairs Writer
Washington --- A U.S. military officer heading a team investigating
the looting of Iraqi antiquities says "every time we recover a single
piece --- it's an absolute joy."
It is nearly impossible to say how many items are missing from the
Baghdad Museum, according to Marine Colonel Matthew Bogdanos, because
there was no master list of the museum's holdings, and because some of
the inventory lists for individual departments were stolen. It is
difficult to pin down numbers because there are tens of thousands of
items that have yet to be counted and compared to inventory lists, he
said, that in some cases "don't exist or can't be found." But he
confirmed that some 951 objects have been recovered or returned as
part of a process that began in mid-April.
As the senior military officer on a 14-member investigative team,
Bogdanos told reporters through a May 16th video teleconference from
Baghdad -- that all the missing items are "priceless treasures," and
the United States is committed to their restoration --- a process
which could take years. In some cases, items have been recovered when
U.S. forces collected them, or, Iraqi citizens have turned over
hundreds of pieces as part of an amnesty program under which items
could be returned without questions or penalties.
Bogdanos also said hundreds of items were returned by Iraqi National
Congress (INC) leader Ahmed Chalabi. INC representatives came across a
white pickup truck near al-Kut a few weeks ago, he said, and
confiscated the contents of a footlocker from the car when it was
stopped at a checkpoint. They passed on the contents to Chalabi, who
in turn, passed them to the Americans.
Bogdanos said multiple groups are thought to have been involved in the
looting of Iraqi antiquities, including indiscriminate looters,
individuals who had an intimate knowledge of the museum's storage
practices and some who seemed to know exactly what they were looking
for.
"The loss of a single piece of mankind's shared history is a tragedy,"
Bogdanos said. Yet early reporting suggesting that some 170,000 items
were lost during "Operation Iraqi Freedom" was exaggerated he said.
For example, he said only 21 of 451 display cases were actually broken
in the museum's public gallery. He also noted that one of the earliest
known Sumerian statutes of a freestanding priest and a pottery jar
from the sixth millennium B.C.E. have been recovered.
The U.S. team has been working closely with museum employees. Donny
George, director general of research and antiquities, spoke up during
the briefing to say that they are "working together as one team" to
try to restore what has been taken from the museum. He expressed
thanks to the team for its efforts to reverse the loss of antiquities
since April 16.
So far the team has not had access to the underground Central Bank
vaults, which are supposed to hold over 6,000 pieces of gold and
jewelry. Bogdanos said he expects members of his team will eventually
be granted access by appropriate authorities for inventory purposes.
The assumption is that the existing inventories will be complete and
accurate, he said, but everything has to be checked.
Team members have also been alerted to the existence of a secret
storage area known only to certain museum employees. Bogdanos said
these employees have sworn on the Koran not to reveal its location,
but have promised to provide an inventory of its contents later in the
week.
Tracking down the missing items "will likely take years," Bogdanos
said. "It will require the cooperative and concerted effort of all
nations," he added.
Global efforts to intercept and recover additional items will require
that they be "universally recognized," Bogdanos said, and that means
displaying them pictorially on web sites and in the media and in
working sources in the international art and law enforcement
communities.
One of the significant items which is still missing is the Sacred Vase
of Warka, a white limestone bowl from 3000 B.C.E. that was taken from
the gallery floor of the museum.
Bogdanos said a portion of his team will continue the process of
inventorying. For example, some members will likely travel to Jordan
soon, where customs officials have some antiquities ready for
photographing, since they could be of Iraqi origin.
While the overall goal of the investigation is to recover missing
artifacts, Bogdanos also said its findings will be passed on to the
future Iraqi government for possible legal action if deemed
appropriate.
(The Washington File is a product of the Bureau of International
Information Programs, U.S. Department of State. Web site:
http://usinfo.state.gov)



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