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Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)

DATE=1/12/98
TYPE=BACKGROUND REPORT
NUMBER=5-38640
TITLE=IRAQ / KURDS
BYLINE=AMBERIN ZAMAN
DATELINE=SALAHUDDIN, NORTHERN IRAQ
CONTENT=
VOICED AT: 
INTRO:  FOR MORE THAN THREE YEARS NOW, THE TWO MAIN KURDISH 
FACTIONS BASED IN NORTHERN IRAQ HAVE BEEN LOCKED IN A BLOODY 
POWER STRUGGLE FOR CONTROL OVER THE WESTERN-PROTECTED ENCLAVE.  
MEDIATION EFFORTS LED BY THE UNITED STATES TO END THE 
INTRA-KURDISH CONFLICT HAVE YIELDED FEW RESULTS, SO FAR.  AMBERIN
ZAMAN TRAVELED TO THE AREA RECENTLY AND FILED THIS REPORT.
TEXT:  IN A DAMP, COLD TENEMENT IN THE HEART OF ERBIL -- THE MAIN
CITY IN KURDISH-CONTROLLED NORTHERN IRAQ -- HUNDREDS OF FAMILIES 
ARE SQUEEZED INTO TINY DARK ROOMS. THEY HAVE NO RUNNING WATER, NO
ELECTRICITY, NO HEATING AND SCARCELY ANY FOOD. THEY ARE REFUGEES 
-- KURDS WHO WERE KICKED OUT OF AREAS CONTROLLED BY JALAL 
TALABANI'S PATRIOTIC UNION OF KURDISTAN -- P-U-K -- IN THE LATEST
ROUND OF FIGHTING BETWEEN IT AND ITS RIVAL, THE KURDISTAN 
DEMOCRATIC PARTY, OR K-D-P, LED BY MASSOUD BARZANI.
//OPT// ONE OF THE REFUGEES, AN ELDERLY WOMAN, EXPLAINS HOW SHE 
ENDED UP IN SUCH CIRCUMSTANCES:
   ///BEGIN OLD WOMAN ACT IN KURDISH -- ESTABLISH, THEN FADE 
                            UNDER///
SHE SAYS THE P-U-K TOLD HER TO LEAVE HER HOME IN THE PROVINCE OF 
SULAYMANIYAH FOR THE K-D-P-CONTROLLED CITY OF ERBIL, BECAUSE SHE 
SUPPORTED PARTY LEADER BARZANI.  ACCORDING TO WESTERN AID 
OFFICIALS, HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF IRAQI KURDS HAVE BEEN 
FORCIBLY DISPLACED BY BOTH PARTIES IN THEIR CONTINUING WAR FOR 
CONTROL OVER THE ENCLAVE. //END OPT//
THE LATEST ROUND OF FIGHTING BROKE OUT LAST OCTOBER WHEN P-U-K 
FORCES ATTACKED K-D-P POSITIONS ALONG THE FRONT LINE, WHERE THEY 
OCCUPIED THE KEY TOWN OF HAJ OMRAN ALONG THE IRANIAN BORDER. BUT 
THE P-U-K WAS FORCED TO WITHDRAW AFTER TURKISH TROOPS JOINED THE 
FIGHT ON THE SIDE OF MR. BARZANI'S K-D-P AND BEGAN BOMBING P-U-K 
TARGETS.  ANKARA, HOWEVER, DENIES ATTACKING THE P-U-K, SAYING IT 
WAS ONLY TARGETING ANOTHER GROUP, THE P-K-K.  BUT WESTERN 
OFFICIALS IN THE ENCLAVE SAY OTHERWISE.
BOTH TURKEY AND THE K-D-P ACCUSE MR. TALABANI OF JOINING FORCES 
WITH TURKISH KURD REBELS OF THE OUTLAWED P-K-K, THE KURDISTAN 
WORKERS PARTY.  THE P-K-K HAS BEEN WAGING A 13-YEAR-LONG WAR FOR 
SELF-RULE IN TURKEY'S MAINLY KURDISH SOUTHEASTERN REGION AND HAS 
SEVERAL BASES IN NORTHERN IRAQ.  THE P-U-K DENIES IT IS 
SUPPORTING THE TURKISH KURD REBEL GROUP.
    ///BARZANI ACT IN KURDISH -- FADE UNDER AND ESTABLISH///
DURING AN INTERVIEW AT HIS HEADQUARTERS IN THE MOUNTAIN VILLAGE 
OF SALAHUDDIN, K-D-P LEADER BARZANI INSISTED, HOWEVER, THAT THERE
COULD BE  NO  PEACE BETWEEN HIM AND MR. TALABANI UNTIL THE P-U-K 
ENDED WHAT HE DESCRIBED AS ITS ALLIANCE WITH THE P-K-K.
THE P-K-K AND TURKEY'S INVOLVEMENT IS JUST THE LATEST TWIST IN 
THE LONG-RUNNING FEUD BETWEEN THE TWO KURDISH LEADERS.  IN 1996, 
MR. BARZANI INVITED IRAQI TROOPS INTO THE ENCLAVE AFTER THE P-U-K
-- ALLEGEDLY BACKED BY IRAN -- ATTACKED K-D-P FORCES. THE IRAQI 
INTERVENTION MARKED A TURNING POINT IN RELATIONS BETWEEN MR. 
BARZANI AND THE UNITED STATES. WASHINGTON EVACUATED ALL U-S 
NATIONALS -- BOTH MILITARY AND CIVILIAN PERSONNEL -- FROM 
NORTHERN IRAQ FOR GOOD.
MR. BARZANI'S UNEXPECTED MOVE FORCED THE U-S-BACKED COALITION OF 
IRAQI OPPOSITION PARTIES -- THE IRAQI NATIONAL CONGRESS -- TO 
FLEE THE ENCLAVE AS WELL.  OBSERVERS SAY IRAQI PRESIDENT SADDAM 
HUSSEIN HAS EXPLOITED THE FACTIONAL FIGHTING BETWEEN THE KURDS TO
BEGIN TO REASSERT HIS INFLUENCE OVER NORTHERN IRAQ. THE ENCLAVE 
HAS REMAINED UNDER ALLIED MILITARY PROTECTION SINCE THE END OF 
THE 1991 GULF WAR.
THE IRAQI PRESIDENT RECENTLY BROUGHT REPRESENTATIVES FROM BOTH 
PARTIES TOGETHER IN BAGHDAD LATE LAST YEAR, BUT NO AGREEMENT WAS 
REACHED.  YET, BOTH PARTIES SAY THEY CONTINUE TO WELCOME 
BAGHDAD'S OFFER TO MEDIATE.
DESPITE SUCH SETBACKS, THE UNITED STATES IS CONTINUING ITS 
EFFORTS TO REVIVE THE SO-CALLED ANKARA PEACE TALKS TO END THE WAR
BETWEEN THE P-U-K AND K-D-P.  ANALYSTS SAY THE KURDS REMAIN A KEY
COMPONENT IN WASHINGTON'S CONTINUED POLICY OF ISOLATING IRAQI 
LEADER SADDAM.
SHAZAD SAIB IS A SENIOR P-U-K OFFICIAL WHO REPRESENTS HIS PARTY 
IN ANKARA.  LIKE HIS FELLOW P-U-K MEMBERS, HE IS PESSIMISTIC 
ABOUT THE PROSPECTS OF A U-S-BROKERED PEACE AND SAYS IT IS TIME 
TO FIND FRESH ALTERNATIVES FOR NEGOTIATIONS WITH THE K-D-P.
                        ///SAIB ACT///   
         I THINK AS P-U-K -- WE THINK THAT OUR PROBLEM COULD BE 
         SOLVED TOGETHER -- WE P-U-K AND K-D-P. IN FACT, (THE) 
         ANKARA PEACE PROCESS, IT WAS FINISHED IN OCTOBER LAST 
         YEAR AND WE HAVE TO TALK ABOUT NEW PROPOSALS. 
                         ///END ACT// / 
NO MATTER THE OBSTACLES, OFFICIALS FROM BOTH PARTIES AGREE THAT 
PEACE IS THEIR GOAL.  FAZIL MIRANI IS INTERIOR MINISTER OF THE 
K-D-P-LED KURDISH REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION.
                       ///MIRANI ACT///   
         WE AS THE K-D-P ... CONDEMN THIS FIGHTING BECAUSE IT 
         DOESN'T HELP THE KURDISH NATIONALISTIC MOVEMENT. ALSO, 
         SOONER OR LATER, WE HAVE TO HAVE INTERIOR PEACE. NEITHER
         K-D-P NOR P-U-K CAN KICK EACH OTHER OUT FOREVER. SO AS 
         FAR AS THIS IS THE TRUTH, WHAT ALTERNATIVE (DO) WE HAVE 
         MORE THAN PEACE?  
                         ///END ACT///  
FOR NOW, IT REMAINS UNCLEAR EXACTLY HOW AND WHEN THE IRAQI 
KURDISH LEADERS CAN RESUME TALKS.  MANY IRAQI KURDS, HOWEVER, 
PRIVATELY AGREE THAT THE U-S-SPONSORED NEGOTIATIONS ARE STILL THE
BEST OPTION FOR ACHIEVING PEACE.
//REST OPT// IN THE MEANTIME, AS THE FIGHTING GOES ON -- ALBEIT 
SPORADICALLY --KURDISH CIVILIANS ACROSS THE ENCLAVE ARE 
CONTINUING TO SUFFER.
EMMA CAINE IS A FIELD WORKER WITH THE BRITISH-BASED CHARITY "SAVE
THE CHILDREN FUND." SHE SAYS CHILDREN HAVE BEEN ESPECIALLY 
AFFECTED BY THE INTERNAL CONFLICT.
                        ///CAINE ACT/// 
         CHILDREN HAVE BEEN AFFECTED BY THE CONFLICT AS THEY ARE,
         ALL AROUND THE WORLD, THE MOST VULNERABLE MEMBERS OF 
         SOCIETY.  AND THEY ARE THE ONES MOST AFFECTED BY 
         CONFLICT, FIGHTING, LANDMINES WHICH ARE LEFT BEHIND 
         AFTER THE CONFLICT, THE BAD ECONOMIC SITUATION IN THE 
         WAKE OF CONFLICT.
                         ///END ACT/// 
IRAQI KURDISH OFFICIALS ON BOTH SIDES AGREE THAT SHOULD THEIR 
LEADERS FAIL TO OVERCOME THEIR DIFFERENCES, THE KURDS WILL 
CONTINUE TO BE VIEWED BY THE REST OF THE WORLD AS UNFIT TO RULE 
THEMSELVES.  (SIGNED)
NEB/AZ/PCF 
12-Jan-98 12:15 PM EST (1715 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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