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| October 17, 2002
KASHMIR ELECTIONS SEEN AS 'GREAT VICTORY FOR INDIAN DEMOCRACY'
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October 17, 2002
KASHMIR ELECTIONS SEEN AS 'GREAT VICTORY FOR INDIAN DEMOCRACY'
KEY FINDINGS
** Indian outlets praised the high voter turnout as demonstrating Kashmir's "clear rejection of terrorism and separatism," declaring the election the "freest and fairest" ever in Kashmir.
** Indian observers welcomed U.S. expressions of satisfaction with the voting, though some predicted the U.S. will restrain its praise in order not to alienate Musharraf.
** According to Indian optimists, the new Kashmir state administration could create opportunities for the democratic process to address the causes of underlying unrest.
** Pakistani observers overwhelmingly dismissed the "farcical elections in Held Kashmir," though a few called for "more pragmatism" in order to improve relations with New Delhi.
MAJOR THEMES
'Enthusiastic popular participation' in the 'free and fair' vote underlines Kashmiri desire to stay within India Papers saw the high turnout demonstrating the electorate's desire to escape from "militancy...and insurgency-related fatigue." The centrist Asian Age said an "underlying level of enthusiasm" for the elections left militants and separatists "furious, frustrated and demoralized." Many right-of-center papers attributed election-related violence to "Pakistan's persisting sponsorship of jihad." A minority, however, saw signs of "voters' deep disgust" with Indian rule, citing reports of some Kashmiris being "forced at gunpoint" to vote.
Blackwill's support for the election process provided 'moral support' to New Delhi The widespread publicity given to "foreign observers convinced of the fairness, freedom and transparency" of the elections was seen to "vindicate" India's democratic "bona fides." While appreciating the U.S. praise, leftist and nationalist dailies contended that, in Washington, Pakistan's "geopolitical importance" still outweighed democratic considerations.
The defeat of the historically dominant National Conference (NC) creates opportunities The centrist Times of India spoke for many who believed that the "days of NC hegemony...are over." Several analysts forecasted a period of "political movement" after the installation of a new state government. Even the pro-BJP Bengali-language Bartaman found a silver lining for New Delhi in the defeat of the NC, the BJP's erstwhile ally, by asserting that an opposition victory in Kashmir proves the elections were free.
There was 'no support for the Held Kashmir polls farce' in Pakistan Most Pakistani dailies predictably criticized the "electoral charade" in Kashmir. Pro-opposition Pakistan decried "Indian atrocities" during the vote. However, several pragmatists held that "Pakistan needs to change its Kashmir policy" to one based "less...on principles." The independent Dawn called for "not just a solution to Kashmir" but an end to the "costly and senseless arms race" with India. More strident observers wanted Pakistan to "move proactively" on the Kashmir issue to compensate for a perceived "U.S. bias" in New Delhi's favor.
EDITOR: Ben Goldberg
EDITOR'S NOTE: This analysis is based on 73 reports from 4 countries over September 15 - October 16
INDIA: "Dodgem Democracy"
An editorial in the centrist (10/17) Times of India read: "Kashmir went to the polls, wounded and bleeding, and showed the world the democratic way to fight terrorism. Kashmir may yet succumb, not to the bullet fired from the terrorist gun, but to injuries inflicted on it by politicians scheming and plotting for a share of the administrative spoils. The tragedy of Kashmiris may well be that they went out to vote at all. Less than a week after the world applauded the victory of the democratic process in Kashmir, its politicians have acted swiftly to give the historic verdict a quiet burial. What is most likely to be remembered from now on is how the various political players squabbled and how they caused the triumphant return of cynicism and despondency in a state re-learning to invest in hope and trust ... what we have in J&K is a ragtag band of parties, representing a basket of regional and ideological aspirations. Is there a way out of the mess? Yes, but only if the various players recognize that Kashmir is larger than each one of them, indeed even all of them collectively."
"The Challenge of Peace"
Former Foreign Secretary J. N. Dixit wrote in the centrist Indian Express (10/17): "There is general acknowledgement at home and abroad, except in Pakistan, that elections were held smoothly and fairly in Jammu and Kashmir and that a new legislative assembly and government in the state could initiate the process for a political solution to the problem ... The government of India is likely to commence negotiations with representatives of the state government by December 2002 or January 2003 ... We should move towards a dialogue with Pakistan by early next year ... On a parallel track, Pakistan should be given clear signals that if terrorist activities increased, India will be more decisive and pre-emptive than ever before ... If we do not move out of the straitjacket of rejectionism about a dialogue with Pakistan, we will be isolated in the international community. India's policies in Kashmir must have two ingredients: a purposive approach to evolve a political formula responsive to the aspirations of the people of the state, and a measured mix of military decisiveness and politico-strategic flexibility in reviving the dialogue with Pakistan."
"Wanted: A Road Map"
The nationalist Hindustan Times ran a piece by foreign secretary Kapil Sibal stating (10/17): "A historic election has just taken place in Jammu and Kashmir ... The loss of the National Conference cannot be attributed to the anti-incumbency factor alone. The voter clearly disapproved of its opportunistic alliance with the BJP at the Center ... This is a verdict for change. It is also a verdict pegged on hope ... The people of Kashmir have demonstrated that the breeding ground of terrorism is across the Line of Control ... The nation must commit itself to Kashmir: what is urgently required is the development of its infrastructure, telecommunications and the like. If the nation and the state move in that direction, then alone will an alternative dispensation be successful ... Solutions cannot be found by dialogue alone. That a dialogue must begin is necessary. But with the beginning of that dialogue, the government of India must demonstrate a commitment towards the people of Kashmir. They must reach out to every Kashmiri who yearns for peace and who hopes for prosperity. We must think of a road map for Kashmir."
"After The Polls In Jammu And Kashmir"
The centrist Hindu carried an editorial by Balraj Puri declaring (10/17): "None of the major contesting parties in Jammu and Kashmir has made any serious complaint against the conduct of the elections ... For the successful conduct of the elections, all concerned, from the Government of India to the E.C. and the people deserve congratulations. But to interpret the verdict as a victory for India against Pakistan is rather too simplistic and is not supported by the facts ... The election has thrown up a secular leadership from all the three regions which opens up new opportunities for all provided they learn the proper lessons from the verdict of the people."
"New Beginning"
An editorial in the (10/11) centrist Times of India stated: "From despair and gloom to the first stirrings of optimism, what a tumultuous journey it has been for Jammu and Kashmir ... That the polls were the fairest in two decades became evident soon enough. But now the results have reinforced the truth. There cannot be a more clinching testimony to the impartiality of the elections than the poor showing of the two parties that could have manipulated the results - the BJP and the National Conference by virtue of being in control of the Central and state governments ... A combination of the Congress's mainstream moderation and the PDP's sensitivities towards the Kashmiri people might well be the answer to Kashmir's travails: A cantilever bridge across troubled waters."
"Democracy Wins"
The pro-economic-reform Economic Times (10/11) opined: "Even before the votes were counted on Thursday, the Jammu & Kashmir Assembly elections had already won a significant victory for Indian democracy. The nature of the verdict has only confirmed that success ... An overall voter turnout of close to 45% was certainly commendable in the context of Kashmir, considering the boycott calls and the threats by militants ... That such a turnout was achieved without resorting to coercing people to exercise their franchise - as the international media and foreign diplomats present in the state at the time have acknowledged - is an indicator of the desire of the people of Jammu & Kashmir to seek peaceful and democratic means of resolving their problems."
"After Poll, Talks Punch"
A dispatch by Senior Editor Bharat Bhushan in the centrist Telegraph (10/11) read: "India's elation over the Jammu and Kashmir Assembly elections was shortlived. Instead of a pat on the back, it was peremptorily advised by the European Union (EU) to de-escalate tensions and start a direct dialogue with Pakistan on all contentious issues, including Kashmir ... With this attitude of the EU, India's hopes of gaining diplomatic strength from its success in holding free and fair elections have been dashed. Equating an arsonist and a firefighter was how Indian delegates here described the EU's attitude to Pakistan and India.... This is a dramatic change in Europe's position. In the past, the EU has publicly held Pakistan responsible for cross-border terrorism. But now it is refusing to do so. Such was the difference in positions at the India-EU summit that the two sides could not even agree on how to mention Kashmir in the joint statement issued at its conclusion."
"The Nation Salutes Them"
The Chennai-based leftist News Today (10/11) said: "It will be interesting to hear General Musharraf's comments on the polls ... He cannot take the defeat of militancy at Doda ... Having done everything to enfeeble the chances of his rivals to win at the 10 October polls in his country, he speaks of restoring democracy ... The West and particularly the US is aware of this; the US would still not offend the General by speaking out the truth. Instead, after handing out a feeble good conduct certificate to India on conducting the polls, the US would ask India to resume the bilateral dialogue with Pakistan represented by the General's puppets. It is time India thinks less of the General and does not go for US certificates or help but shape in a determinate manner a new policy for Kashmir in the light of the latest poll verdict there."
"People's Verdict In Kashmir"
An editorial in independent Urdu-language Siasat commented (10/11): "Although the results of the elections have come out by and large on expected lines, the least anticipated was the grand show of electoral performance by the Congress. Long considered to be hopelessly dormant in the valley, the party has surprisingly staged a comeback at the center of Kashmir politics. Equally astonishing is the people's rejection of almost three-decade old Sheikh Abdullah legacy, used to be considered synonymous with power in Kashmir. The results were expected because people's disenchantment with the government of National Conference was increasingly visible."
"Defeat Of National Conference"
An editorial by editor Navin Suri in Urdu-language Milap read (10/11): "People wanted definitely a change in Kashmir. But, such a drastic change was forthcoming, nobody might have anticipated. After a long time, a party of national stature (the Congress) has emerged with strength. Now, more than who is to form the next government in the politically sensitive state, the important question is what role the National Conference will be playing after having been voted out of power. The widening between the Farooq dynasty dominating the ruling conference and the people in Kashmir had reached a point that the ouster of National Conference from power was only a logical outcome. Among other factors, the alliance with the BJP notwithstanding its declared anti-Muslim and anti-Kashmiri attitude has also adversely affected. Similarly, the BJP's Hindutva approach was not unacceptable to the voters in the state."
"Three Cheers"
The Bangalore-based left-of-center Deccan Herald (10/11) editorialized: "Three cheers for the democratic process in Jammu and Kashmir. If the people of Kashmir had been disillusioned so far by the effectiveness of the ballot box in altering the status quo, the results in the just-concluded elections to the Jammu and Kashmir Assembly would prove beyond doubt the power of the vote - that it is possible to vote out a party through participation in a free and fair election...The surprise defeat of its leader Omar Abdullah by a political lightweight belonging to the People's Democratic Party (PDP) in the Ganderbal constituency indicates how strong the anti-incumbency feeling in the State was ... The results are a clear mandate for change....It is said that many of those who voted did so in the hope of freedom - freedom from NC rule. Their gamble has clearly paid off. The elections have come as a huge blow not just for the NC but for the Bharatiya Janata Party as well...But perhaps it is the Hurriyat Conference that has come out the biggest loser from the elections.... The free and fair conduct of the poll, evident from the way the voting process took place and now reflected in the results, is a huge victory for India and the democratic process. However, it is still too early for India to celebrate the victory."
"Redemption Time"
An editorial in Hyderabad-based left-of-center Deccan Chronicle (10/11) declared: "The people's response to the string of promises made to them during the run-up to the polls has been expressed in the clearest and most unambiguous terms. That response is both encouraging and challenging. That nearly 45 per cent of J&K's total electorate defied the open threat of the gun and other forms of hidden overt and covert intimidation, coercion and hostility is undoubtedly an indicator of Kashmiris' yearning for peace and normalcy, and in the light of the votings trend in all the four phases, for good governance. However, this should not make the policy and decision-makers at the Centre and the State to overlook the fact that as against the 45 per cent who voted, a substantial 55 per cent of the electorate stayed away from the booths. Nor can the equally significant fact be overlooked that those who preferred not to vote did so despite the extraordinarily efficient security arrangements put in place by the Election Commission and the administration - arrangements which were evident even during the first two phases and which testified to the credibility of the entire electoral process...The encouraging participation in the elections clearly demonstrates that the popular urge is towards ending alienation and joining the mainstream."
"Democracy's Victory"
Malayalam-language Mathrubhumi publised an editorial stating (10/11): "Even though the NCP has emerged as the single largest party the election results are the biggest blow the party has ever faced. It has thwarted Farooq Abdullah's dream to see his reign be taken to the next generation with his son as the Chief minister. The election is also the biggest victory to Indian democracy, for in spite of the terrorist attempts and the boycott by the Hurriat conference people have dared to exercise their franchise. People have expressed that it's a democratic peace that they want and hence it's the responsibility of whoever forms the government to ensure the same. They should show the world that democracy is the only answer to peace. This election has also quashed Pakistan's hopes for taking Kashmir on the international agenda. It's the experience of decades of democracy that helped India get over pressures even from international quarters like America for third party monitoring. The fair and free election in Kashmir especially under so many crises is definitely a crown on India's democracy. But the most significant result of the Kashmir elections is that the people have shown that their local issues and peaceful co-existence in the valley is more important to them than national or international issues. The toughest test is now for the political parties there, and that is to put Kashmir ahead of they're winning or losing."
"An Impressive Exercise"
The centrist Hindu editorialized (10/10): "The staggered three week-long democratic exercise in Jammu and Kashmir has ended on a highly satisfactory note, with the fourth and final phase of the poll process having been completed on Tuesday in a manner that stood the critical tests of fairness, transparency and voter-freedom creditably.... There is every reason for the Indian polity to pat itself on the back for having reaffirmed its democratic credentials, despite heavy odds. Now, the people of Jammu and Kashmir have, by their impressive participation in the poll process, demonstrated their firm conviction in democracy and, more importantly, sent a clear signal favoring a peaceful settlement to the vexed 'Kashmir problem'.... But, in a more fundamental sense, what is vital is that the 'first step', as represented by the successful completion of a truly democratic exercise, should be followed by creative policy initiatives for tackling the core issues of the Kashmir imbroglio."
"Our Poll, Their Poll"
The centrist Times Of India asserted (10/10): "Well before the counting of votes gets underway in Kashmir on Thursday, the verdict is out. And it is unanimous. No matter who forms the next government in Srinagar, the real winner is peace and democracy.... The significant presence of foreign and independent observers throughout ensured, contrary to New Delhi's earlier apprehensions, that the polls were not only free and fair but also seen to be so by others. It's no surprise then that there are few takers today for General Musharraf's dismissal of the polls as a sham ... With dramatic irony, as the curtain went down on one of the fairest polls in Kashmir, the stage was set for the enactment of an electoral farce across the border. Sadly for the general, no one - not even his many admirers on Capitol Hill - really believes that Thursday's nation-wide elections will throw up a fair verdict."
"Clear Message"
The pro-BJP right-of-center Pioneer (10/10) commented: "The figure of 52 per cent of the electorate casting its votes in the Doda district of Jammu in the last round of polling in the Assembly elections in Jammu & Kashmir on Tuesday, is remarkable for obvious reasons.... By their action, voters...sent out the clear message that they are fed up with terrorism and want peace.... By participating in the elections which-like all others of their kind in the country-were held under India's Constitution, they also firmly indicated that they wanted to remain a part of this country and rejected secessionist overtures.... As for Pakistan, which has spared no effort to disrupt the elections ... the level of polling comes as a humiliating setback. As it is unlikely to see reason even now, will the US, which has been tirelessly urging restraint upon India, apply sufficient pressure on Islamabad to end its campaign of bloody cross-border terrorism?"
"The Battle Within"
The centrist Asian Age (10/10) editorialized: "The real battle for democratic assertion and consolidation begins now. After all, unless the elections throw up a credible and efficient political administration that is sensitive and responsive to the needs of the people, the trust that the ordinary voter has reposed in the electoral system will have gone waste ... the focus should now shift inwards - Jammu and Kashmir deserves a better deal from those who have been given the responsibility to provide a more responsive administration to them. Elections over, it is now time for some good governance."
"Jammu And Kashmir Election: High Voter Turnout Indicative Of People's Pro-Democracy Leaning"
An editorial in the (10/10) Mumbai-based centrist Gujarati Samakalin noted: "The local and foreign observers have seen for themselves that the people of Kashmir want a government that is elected by them and is in accordance with their wishes. With the high voter turnout it will be easier for India to convince the international community that the people of the state want to remain with India. Not only that, it will also make all Pakistani claims to the contrary appear hollow.
"Terrorist Threat A Failure In Kashmir"
An editorial in the pro-BJP Calcutta-based Bengali-language Bartaman (10/10) stated: "Democracy is pretty strong in Europe and America. Still percentage of voting in those places never is very high. In this context 46 percent voting in Jammu and Kashmir amidst violent killings and terrorist threats seems to be highly encouraging.... The way people have come forward to vote proves two things. Firstly, people want to sustain democracy by rejecting terrorism. Secondly, they have made it clear by exercising their franchise according to the Indian Constitution that they are eager to remain within India and have discarded all Pakistani provocations.... No matter what Musharraf says the impact of this poll would be threefold. People will alienate terrorists forever. Hurriyat Conference will lose its importance. The international community including America will re-evaluate the Kashmir issue...."
"Centre Must Have A Clear Jammu And Kashmir Policy"
An analysis by senior editor Manoj Joshi in the centrist Times of India (10/7) stated: "By the end of the week, the elections to the Jammu and Kashmir assembly will be over. Predicting outcomes is hazardous, but the free and fair elections have already yielded an important dividend - the emergence of a second force in the form of Mehbooba Mufti's People's Democratic Party (PDP) and the People's Conference rebels ... Whether the outcome is a hung assembly or a narrow victory, it is apparent that the days of the National Conference hegemony in the state's politics are over ... Significant chunks of the population boycotted the process - some out of fear, others from conviction that they will serve little purpose. One way or the other, their views have to be addressed through the process of dialogue."
"Musharraf Makes A Farce Of Pakistan Polls"
The op-ed analysis in (10/5) the Hindi-language Punjab Kesri commented: "India's record of elections in Kashmir is abysmal ... The freeness of elections in the state has been in question since 1977. But even the worst detractors of the Vajpayee government will admit that this time round, a serious and earnest attempt has been made at ensuring free and fair polls. This feat will definitely go in Vajpayee's favor. The all-party Hurriyat Conference, on the other hand, will have to admit that it has made a blunder by not participating in the elections.... And Musharraf, on his part, will not be forgiven by history if he continues to deprive his people of democracy ... If Musharraf is so concerned about the democratic rights of Indian Kashmiris, one should ask him -- what about your own people?"
"Surrendering To Terror"
The Hindi-language Dainik Jagran opined (10/7): "It is deplorable that we continue to be helpless onlookers to Pakistan's shenanigans in Kashmir. We all know that Pakistan is forever trying to foment trouble in Kashmir, and that every bullet of the terrorist is coming from across the border. But what are we doing? Nothing. After every major incident, we shed tears, and then wait for the next one to occur.... The Vajpayee government should ask President Bush and other Western nations why India cannot pursue terrorists in Pakistan when the US can bombard and take over a whole nation to avenge 9/11. Why can't India go for the camps of terror across the border?"
"Jammu & Kashmir Polls"
An editorial in the (10/4) Guwahati English Assam Tribune stated: "General elections to the Jammu and Kashmir Assembly have demonstrated convincingly that the people there exercised their franchise without being browbeaten and terrorized by militants and cross-border terrorists backed by Pakistan ... In this heroic endeavor the brave women of Jammu and Kashmir could not be deterred by Pakistani shelling or acts of sabotage by militants and cross-border terrorists. Although the number of women contesting the polls was not many, some women seeking elections or working for the success of the candidates of their choice carried out campaigns despite attacks on their parties and election workers. This lively electoral scene naturally disappointed Pervez Musharraf.... With the US among other countries expressing appreciation for the conduct of the polls in Kashmir, Musharraf finds himself in an unenviable position."
"Turning Point In Kashmir"
An editorial in the (10/3) independent and influential Tamil-language Dinamani opined: "Common people have shown considerable interest to vote in this elections. Let whatever party may win the elections; the polling was held free and fair. That is a great victory to Indian democracy. In Kashmir, some sessionist parties have started showing interest in supporting democratic principles. In these circumstances, the people of Kashmir are also supporting democracy. This may not be palatable to the Pakistan administration... International attention was attracted to Kashmir, because of Pakistan's tactical political maneuvering. Now the same attention has been bestowed on the free and fair elections in Kashmir. In a way, it is a boon to India, because this has given anew respect to India."
"Commendable Courage"
The Chennai-based leftist English-language (10/3) News Today editorialized: "The third phase of polling for the Jammu and Kashmir Assembly demonstrated rare courage which was undaunted by threats and attacks by militants ... Only the results would show whether the dissatisfaction of the people had adversely affected the votes for the (Farooq Abdullah's) National Conference. In any case, the expectation is that the present polls would condition future regimes. It is perhaps too early to guess the portents or prospects until the last phase slated for October 7 is over...Foreign observers who had witnessed the booths are said to be convinced about the fairness, freedom and transparency of the poll process. What they say in India may not count for much because they say just the opposite things after reaching home. The U.S. has already begun finding alibis for soft playing India's achievement ... Washington says that a total of 12 countries, including India ... are 'countries of particular concern' in respect of consideration of religious freedom ... Is this a preparation for formulating views on the forthcoming October elections in Pakistan in a manner in which they would not offend Gen. Musharraf too much?"
"Patience Overstretched"
Brahma Chellaney wrote in the nationalist (10/2) Hindustan Times: "India's resilience comes from negative factors. Despite the legacy of Mahatma Gandhi, violence is endemic in Indian society.... Terrorist attacks increasingly are treated like common instances of violence. The recurrent terrorist killings in Jammu and Kashmir, for example, are covered like a body-count story just like bus accidents - five killed day before yesterday, six yesterday, and three jawans today. A second factor is that the value of human life in India is dirt cheap ... Yet another factor is the chaotic nature of Indian democracy.... Those who hold the reigns of power spend much of their time not in policy-making but in fire-fighting. The tragedy of one day gets overtaken by another calamity of next day. Death and destruction, even by callous, calculated design, does not engender bipartisanship but rather whets cut-throat electoral politics. The big question for debate after each major terrorist strike is not how India should respond but whether the attack would help the ruling coalition or the opposition."
"Terrorists Failed In The Third Phase Also Of The Kashmir Election"
An editorial in the pro-BJP Calcutta-based Bengali-language (10/2) Bartaman declared: "Pakistan could not fulfill its objective even by sending suicide terrorist groups. No matter what Musharraf campaigns, the rest of the world does not believe that the election in Jammu and Kashmir is a farce ... Installation of a new government will render Musharraf's vitriolic campaigns so far, meaningless. Situation may turn out after publication of election results when it would not be possible to form a single-party government. But that will prove that the election was not rigged.... Hurriyat Conference remains a stooge of Pakistan. However, in the post poll scenario there would be little reason for Pakistan to interfere in Kashmir."
"Kashmir Polls"
An editorial in (9/30) the Guwahati-English Assam Tribune opined: "The US expression of one good word about the Kashmir polls should not cause any illusion in our country mainly for the reason that Pakistan is an ally of the US and a recipient of aid and military hardware. We should not have any illusion about the support to Pakistan as the geopolitical importance of Pakistan to the US is a matter, which can hardly be devalued.... The successful conduct of elections in Jammu and Kashmir has undoubtedly strengthened the position of our country. This advantage should be availed in a meaningful manner without being influenced by the foreign policy needs of other countries. The real motives of such countries should be understood first before doing political business with them."
"Kashmir: Who Dares, Wins"
Joginder Singh noted in the (9/30) pro-BJP right-of-center Pioneer: "So far New Delhi has followed a policy of appeasement and reconciliation, which has proved futile. We need sterner measures, offence being the best form of defence. Deterrence is a must for crushing terrorism. The people of Kashmir, both Hindus and Muslims, are fed up with violence. Instead of opening a dialogue with the outlaws and begging their masters to allow negotiations to succeed, India should tackle the situation firmly. The US's post-9/11 war against terror has lost its momentum due to its ever-changing priorities. President George W Bush had promised to fight terrorism around the globe. Inexplicably, his focus now is Iraq. Yet, a new UN study says that the Al Qaeda is "fit and well" and poised to strike again. Meanwhile, Pakistan's gameplan is to disrupt the election process in J&K by stepping up infiltration and killing innocent people on a massive scale, in order to keep them away from the polling booths in the next two rounds. Pakistan's claims to being a crucial partner in the global coalition against terrorism have gone along with its persisting sponsorship of jihad against India ... Tactical opportunism has been a hallmark of Pakistani policy, under both civilian and military rulers ... India has to learn to live with and expose Pakistani duplicity. It is important to remember that he who is cheated twice by the same man becomes his cheater's accomplice."
"Kashmir Beyond Myths"
An analysis in the (9/29) centrist Asian Age by Editor-in-chief M.J. Akbar declared: "The opinion poll conducted by AC Nielsen for The Asian Age and Deccan Chronicle in Jammu and Kashmir in the middle of the current elections is remarkable for it destroys some fondly-held myths.... Pakistan has always assumed that given half a chance Kashmiri Muslims would opt for Pakistan. Facts have traveled a different route. As elsewhere, opinions in Jammu and Kashmir vary. The only thing that Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs agree upon is that no one wants Kashmir, or any part of it, to merge with Pakistan. Hindus and Sikhs are expected to hold this view. The story is that every Kashmiri Muslim agrees. Some 99% of the respondents, including those Muslims who sought independence, were clear that Pakistan was not an option. The two-nation theory is dead.... The three strongest reasons for disenchantment with the Pakistan that has emerged are autocracy, theocracy, and, in the case of Kashmiri Muslims, distrust.... No one now believes that Pakistan places the Kashmiri interest above its own.... Its principal objective is to weaken India.... This is a moment for Delhi to reach out to the valley and see if there is a chance to put tragedy behind us, and find a way towards an honorable settlement of a long dispute that has destroyed two generations of the past and could yet wipe out the future. A dialogue is the only alternative to the gun. The starkest solution to the Kashmir problem would be war between India and Pakistan.... I presume that there is a destiny in our subcontinent apart from suicide."
"Gujarat Plus Kashmir"
In an analysis in the (9/28) nationalist Hindustan Times, Anand Sahay said: "If the Kashmir election had been a damp squib, the Pakistani point would have been made anyhow, and there was no pressing need for a dramatic suicide mission inside the Indian heartland in order to vent frustrations against the reasonably credible poll in the valley. There can be no question, therefore, that the success of the Kashmir poll exercise is integral to the picture. If the anti-Muslim outrage had not occurred in Gujarat, the terrorist may just as well have chosen a target anywhere else in the wake of this success. That the attackers were trained professionals and were on a suicide mission would point to Pakistan on the basis of past patterns ... The selection of a Gujarat target would suggest that the purpose of the strike was indeed varied to try and create an anti-India and, specifically, anti-Hindu sentiment among our Muslims."
"Standing The Test"
An editorial (9/27) in the centrist Hindu read: "While the remarkably smooth conduct of the first round of the Assembly polls in Jammu and Kashmir and the encouraging turnout therein were cause enough for cautious optimism about the success of the democratic process, the second - completed last Tuesday - has by and large helped to sustain that hope ... That the average overall voter turnout of 42 per cent for the second phase that covered 28 Assembly segments across three districts (Jammu and Budgam, besides Srinagar) is much lower than that of the first (47.25 per cent) should come as no surprise ... What is striking is the wide disparity in voter turnout ... there appears to be a distinctively dichotomous urban-rural divide, with the villages tending to record higher percentages ... The electoral process so far must be said to have stood the test creditably, given especially the formidable odds stacked against it..... There can surely be no lowering of the guard, yet."
"A Great Opportunity"
The centrist Asian Age editorialized (9/27): "The people of Jammu and Kashmir have tried to bring the state back towards normalcy by defying the threat posed by terrorists, and coming out to vote. Urban Srinagar decided to remain outside the process but reports from the rest of the state suggest that the people are keen to exercise their franchise in yet another effort to better their lives. It is tragic that the National Conference...a regional party with a glorious past, has been reduced to a level where it is being shunned in its entirety by the people. It is apparent that the BJP has lost its moorings in the state as well, with its politics of communalism and trifurcation being rejected by the people of Jammu as well.... The National Conference, given the commitment of its cadres, will still emerge as the single largest party but Omar Abdullah who will be running the show now will do well to put some thought into his next step.... In fact, the NC-BJP nexus has been defeated by the people of Jammu and Kashmir who are looking at other Opposition groups in the hope that they will be able to install a new government, or at least a strong Opposition that will act as the necessary check and balance in the democratic structure."
"Second Phase"
The Hindi-language right-of-center Jansatta carried an editorial (9/25) stating: "The credit for the turnout in the Kashmir elections goes entirely to the courageous people of Kashmir, rather than administrative preparations. This second phase has once again clarified that terrorism from out side is responsible for creating disturbances in Kashmir. The positive reactions like the one from the US with regard to first phase would certainly boost India's morale."
"Frustrated And Disillusioned"
The Hindi-language Navbharat Times (9/25) editorialized: "Pakistan-sponsored terrorists left no stone unturned to foil the second phase of the elections in Kashmir on September 24.... It is the misfortune of Kashmir that in this effort to disrupt the polls, the Hurriyat Conference also played a role.... Moderates like Mirwaiz Umar Farook want to negotiate a settlement, sensing that Kashmir's political future is hanging in balance. Unfortunately, within the Hurriyat, the writ of those persons runs who are obstinate and whose unyeilding attitude is hurting Kashmir."
"Voting In Favor Of Integrity And Democracy"
An editorial in the Guwahati-Assamese-language (9/25) Dainik Asom stated: "Significantly, voters in rural Kashmir can be credited with the starting of a historic process.... It is commonly believed that rural people are more dogmatic as far as religion is concerned and they are easily influenced by divisive forces. But, in this election they have proved their detractors wrong as 60-56 percent polling was reported from villages in Kargil sector. No doubt, this election will act as an impetus to Kashmiri people to take up strong stand against terrorist activities provided the federal government could shake off its skeptical and opportunistic postures. Instead of giving priority to pacify forces boycotting the election like Hurriyat Conference, the government should honor wishes of the people who have braved the danger of ignoring terrorist elements."
"The Line Of Peace"
In an analysis in the centrist (9/24) Indian Express, Kuldip Nayar stated: "There is no realistic solution except the LoC becoming an international border. Things have got so tangled since the past decade or so that the state has become utterly communalized. Both Islamabad and some elements in the Hurriyat in the Kashmir valley and the BJP in Jammu have played the separatist card. Islamabad says privately that it is willing to compromise over the Muslim- majority Valley coming to Pakistan and the Hindu-majority Jammu and Buddhist Ladakh integrating with India. But a division on religious lines can be a fatal blow to the shaky theocratic Indian polity. No government in New Delhi can stay in power if it allows any part of J&K to secede."
"The Changing Panorama Of Elections In Srinagar"
The Hindi-language pro-Congress party (9/24) Dainik Hindustan opined: "One hopes that despite increasing violence, militants would not be allowed to disrupt the second phase of elections in Kashmir. The militants and separatist groups are furious, frustrated and demoralised following the success of first phase of polls and the expression of satisfaction by the United States."
"Kashmir People's Thirst For Democracy"
The independent, influential Tamil-language (9/23) Dinamani editorialized: "Considering the circumstances in which Kashmir elections were held, 48 per cent polling was a great achievement... The U.S. Ambassador Blackwill has himself expressed his satisfaction and happiness over the elections. Ambassador Blackwill has categorically rejected the Pakistani allegation that the Kashmir Elections were a 'sham.' This observation would definitely provide moral support to India in the international arena."
"Now For The Second Phase"
An editorial in the centrist Indian Express (9/23) stated: "On Tuesday, the second phase of polling takes place in J&K. The first phase, with a turnout of nearly 47, has clearly indicated that this round has gone in favor of the ballot over the bullet...the credit...over the bullet should really go to the people of Jammu and Kashmir ... The United States, broadly indicating the judgement of the international community, has recognized the fairness of the electoral process so far. But the very success of the first phase could spell increasing dangers ahead. Reprisals by jehadi groups should be expected. Sure enough, the last few days have witnessed several strikes with even schoolchildren being made targets of terrorist reprisal ... the greater the success of the election process, the greater the risk of escalation of attacks from across the border.... While the voter turnout thus far appears lower than the official figures for the 1996 elections, it is widely accepted that the process has been largely free and fair."
"The Game Is Up"
The (9/23) pro-BJP right-of-center Pioneer opined: "If the Government is happy with the turnout of voters ... it must be equally pleased with the views of the United States on the nature of the poll. While observations by the US State Department spokesman, Mr. Richard Boucher, have been positive, much more categorical and forthright have been those of the US Ambassador to India, Robert Blackwill. He has not only dismissed press reports about rigging as "exaggerated", but has also made it emphatically clear that the elections were not a "sham". Describing the turnout of voters as remarkable, he went on to say, "I would like to salute the individual voters in J&K who came out to exercise their democratic rights despite threats from terrorists." ... Pakistan is unwilling to acknowledge the reality of the elections ... With the elections in J&K clearly seen as free and fair, and New Delhi's bona fides once again vindicated before the world, pressure will mount on Pakistan to abandon cross-border terrorism and create conditions for a dialogue with India. Sooner or later, the game will be up. So why not do it now, particularly since enthusiastic popular participation in the elections is making it clear that Kashmiris want to be a part of India? Should it do so, it will find India more than willing to reciprocate."
"In Jammu And Kashmir, More Loyal Than The King"
In an analysis (9/23) in the centrist Indian Express, volunteer observer for the Jammu and Kashmir elections Prabhu Ghate wrote: "While a large number of Kashmiris voted freely in the first round of polling, despite the threat of militant violence, it is important to recognize that there was also coercion by the security forces. Only if this is confronted is there a chance that it can be stopped in subsequent rounds. Coercion was more frequent in villages off the main roads that remained unvisited by the election observers and the media. Whatever the case, it is reprehensible that any instances of coercion occurred at all, in the face of clear instructions from the Election Commission."
"Free And Fair Solution For The Valley?"
An analysis by Dina Nath Mishra in the (9/22) pro-BJP right-of-center Pioneer noted: "Today, the Indian electorate exceeds 600 million, that is larger than the electorates in the US and the European Union combined. We, therefore, do not need outsiders to certify the conduct of our democratic exercise. Nevertheless, we have clarified that there is no hindrance to any visitor going to Jammu and Kashmir, or for accredited diplomats, and members of the foreign media based in this country to travel to the state at any time ... A US official in Washington said 'the elections were free by and large there were no violence, participation was good, there was no reports of intimation. We are hopeful'... Musharraf should be a miffed man, for despite the best efforts from his side, the first round of elections was satisfying for India."
"Musharraf's Mischievous Act"
The Guwahati-Assamese-language Dainik Agradoot (9/21) wrote: "Although the Kashmiri people have expressed their confidence in the democratic process, now it is to be observed what kind of initiatives Vajpayee government can take to elicit international support.... To refrain Musharraf from following his malicious design ever again, Vajpayee government should take necessary steps to ensure return of normalcy in the valley so people of Kashmir can reap the benefits as citizens of India.... In diplomatic front too, India should adopt more aggressive postures to defeat Pakistan's malevolent propaganda on the Kashmir issue to attract international attention."
"Lessons Of The Kashmir Elections"
Human rights activist Rajindar Sacharanalysis wrote in the centrist Hindu (9/21): "The mildly satisfactory polling should not deceive the Government of India into assuming that people's resentment has vanished - it has not even lessened. Voters have expressed their deep disgust with the present set-up in Kashmir and it is a voice against the violation of human rights.... Even though the people had voted ignoring terrorists bullets, they went to the accompaniment of slogans for `Azadi' and to show anger at Farooq Abdullah. It is necessary that the Center should draw the correct lessons and not delude itself into assuming that it has solved the Kashmir problem. Though the BJP has said that it will after the elections talk to the elected representatives, it should not refuse also to talk to those groups that had not participated. That would be a costly mistake. The only practicable solution is for the LoC to be made the international border and to concede pre-1953 status to Jammu and Kashmir, with regional autonomy to the three regions - Jammu, Ladakh and Kashmir."
"People's Agenda"
An editorial in the centrist (9/20) Asian Age declared: "Jammu and Kashmir is getting ready for the second phase of polling. There is fear, there is apprehension but very significantly, there is also an underlying level of enthusiasm for the opportunity given by the Indian Constitution to exercise free choice, and change a government.... The Election Commission has to be congratulated for a job well done.... Strangely enough, despite the daily incidents of violence the people have not turned away from the poll process.... The courage of the people is admirable. The All Parties Hurriyat Conference would have done well to take part in the polls, but obviously its agenda remains different from that of the people of Jammu and Kashmir."
"Kashmir Election"
The (9/19) Guwahati-Assamese-language centrist Dainik Agradoot opined: "Not to speak of India attacking terrorist camps on the other side of the border or initiating military operation to fight Pak-abetted militancy, Vajpayee can not even utter a word against Musharraf without getting green signals from US President Bush. To comply with the wishes of the international community India can only hold elections under unprecedented security cover. But it can not be said for sure that this process will bring terrorism to an end in the state in future. Even then, it should be noted that Kashmir election has been able to send across the positive message to the world community that democracy is a better tool than bullet spraying guns to resolve problems of this region."
"Modi Vs Kashmir's Vote For Peace"
An analysis in the (9/19) pro-economic-reforms Economic Times by T.K. Arun read: "Voters have turned out in large numbers in Kashmir. Happy news; but it does not mark the beginning of the end of strife in Kashmir ... Credible elections certified fair by the diplomatic corps will not stop Pakistan from arming and funding terrorists who strike against India ... The aim should be to remove any motivation for either external powers or the local populace to create trouble ... The crux of the Kashmir problem is the validity or otherwise of the two-nation theory. If Muslim majority Kashmir can prosper as a part of India, it would disprove the original thesis that Muslims needs a separate homeland of theirs in South Asia ... The thesis that Hindus and Muslims cannot live together in harmony, though abhorrent, is not self-evidently invalid, given episodes like the Gujarat progroms, the violent mobilization to demolish the Babri mosque at Ayodhya and the hate campaign still being carried out by Sangh Parivar outfits against the minorities ... If India lives up to its constitutional ideal of a secular republic that destroys poverty, disease, ignorance and inequality of opportunity through fast, broad based growth, the ordinary people of Pakistan would see the futility defining their nationhood in terms of hostility to India. Then, and then alone, would peace return to Kashmir."
"Pakistan Facing Defeat In Kashmir"
The Calcutta-based Bengali-language pro-BJP Bartaman (9/19) carried a piece by Editorial Advisor Pabitra Kumar Ghosh declaring: "Pakistan has tasted defeat in the very first phase of Kashmir election. The magnitude of its defeat will be much more in the remaining three phases. For, in the next three phases polling will be held in places like Srinagar, Badgaon, Jammu, Pulwara, Anantnag, Katua and Udhampur. Not only are these areas not in the hills but also they are far from the Line of Control. Therefore, security arrangements in these areas will be much more stringent. Moreover, the story of Monday's successful polling will enthuse and encourage people of these areas to cast their votes. President Bush held separate meetings with Vajpayee as well as with Musharraf. Bush came out strongly on two issues during his talks with Musharraf. One, cross-border terrorism in Kashmir must be stopped. Second, Pakistan's general elections in coming October must be free and fair. It is not possible for Musharraf to honor either of these requests ... Musharraf has returned a disappointed man from the US. Monday's poll in Kashmir has made him even more distressful. The people of Kashmir have defiantly risen against his diktats and terror. Pakistan's days of poking its nose in Kashmir is seemingly coming to an end."
"Punished For Not Willing To Vote"
A correspondent reported (9/18) in the independent Srinagar-based Urdu-langugae Aftab: "During the first round of polls in Kashmir, people at several places were forced by the security forces at gun point to cast their votes and roughed up. The in-charge of the security forces camped in Magam Hindwara along with some pro-government militants forced people at several villages including Magam, Uchharmagam, Shahlal etc. at gun point to come out of their homes and vote for the ruling party. When agitated villagers protested against being forced to vote, they were severely beaten up by the forces who also resorted to heavy firing in the air causing an stampede."
"What Happened In The Polls?"
The Urdu-language independent Aftab editorialized (9/18): "It is difficult to confirm how far the Election Commission was realistic in its expression of satisfaction on the voters' turnout in the first round of polls. Except for some villages, people were generally not interested in the polls. In cities and towns, especially, the voters' turnout was very low. If the polling ratio is still said to be 44%, it is certainly an extraordinary event."
"Kashmir Elections--A New Identity"
The Tamil-language independent Dinamani (9/18) editorialized: "The elections have revealed the unshakable faith and conviction of the people of Kashmir, particularly those living in villages, in democracy... The percentage of polling is not important. The circumstance under which the polling was held is much more important."
"A Slap On The Face Of Anarchists"
An editorial in the independent, largest circulated Telugu-language Eenadu (9/18) opined: "The Kashmiris have defied the militants' bullets and voted in the elections. The international community was surprised by the huge voter turn out. By now, foreign diplomats would have understood the real situation in Kashmir. The United States, which is known for its rhetoric on the need to preserve democratic values all over the world, has changed its tone in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks. The U. S., for its selfish gains in the war against terror, has embraced the military ruler who is a tyrant and enemy to democracy. The U. S. has also been trying to give equal status and treatment to India, which is known for its great democratic values and Pakistan, which is notorious for flouting all democratic norms ... It is high time the international community ... should understand the real pulse of the Kashmiris."
"They Broke The Jinx"
The nationalist Hindustan Times (9/18) editorialized: "There was a twist of irony attending the first phase of polling in J&K on Monday which covered all the territories on the Line of Control, making them some of the most sensitive constituencies from the security point of view. The Hurriyat Conference, which is boycotting the election, gave a hartal call. This apparently affected most activities, except polling! About 44 per cent voting was recorded. Given the circumstances prevailing in J&K, the percentage cannot but be a cause for satisfaction, as it has the potential to pave the way for peace in the tormented Valley. For that very reason, the voter turnout is certain to dismay the terrorists and their patrons, across the border as well as within Kashmir."
"Ballot Over Bullet"
The centrist (9/18) Times of India editorialized: "Two and a half cheers for democracy in Kashmir. On a day the world was intensely focused on them, wanting to condemn, waiting to detect the smallest slip, Kashmiris - not all, but a significant number - showed they had it in them to fight back ... Certainly, 44 per cent turnout would not count as big in normal circumstances. But 'normal' is a word not easily applied to Kashmir. Everything about the place is abnormal ... This is both the biggest message and lesson of Monday's voting: Kashmiris desperately want out of militancy; they want a break from insurgency-induced fatigue ... In the event, the few observers there were saw exactly what India wanted them to see: That open threats by militants and occasional complaints of forced voting notwithstanding, Kashmiris turned up at polling booths. To be sure, not all of the foreign press was euphoric. But none could deny that the 'most dangerous place' in the world had voted, even if haltingly, for democracy."
"Challenging But Not Daunting"
The centrist Hindu noted in an (9/18) editorial: "By far the most satisfying aspect of the first phase of polling in the Assembly elections in Jammu and Kashmir completed on Monday is that the exercise had been strikingly smooth and peaceful ... Again, considering the formidable odds against which the poll is being held, the average voter turnout - placed by the Election Commission tentatively at 44 per cent - is indeed impressive and the credit should naturally go to the poll panel, the civic administration and the security agencies for their painstaking efforts to ensure a conducive milieu ... Now, for the more critical question: did the turnout reflect the free will of the electorate or was there any intimidation by the security personnel? It must be said that the official claim of the exercise having been `free and fair' does sound essentially credible, going by the general tenor of media reports ... While there is much for the Indian polity to feel satisfied about the way the September 16 poll event was managed ... what lies ahead could well prove to be much more challenging from the standpoint of securing the democratic process against terrorist attacks and ensuring a credible level of participation in the face of the boycott call by the likes of the Hurriyat."
"Signs Of The First Phase"
An editorial in (9/17) the Hindi-language Jansatta noted: "The pattern of voting in the first phase of J&K elections was normal with voters turning out to cast votes, inspite of recent violent incidents, including the assassination of a J&K minister and attempt on the life of Farooq Abdullah. This would be termed as a victory of democracy. The impartial role of security forces in conducting free and fair elections is commendable. It will help in creating healthy political process in the state."
"J&K Heading In The Right Direction"
The Hindi-language Dainik Jagran editorialized (9/17): "The percentage of voting in Kashmir shows that people of the state are in favour of peace. The world community should now realize that people have belief in the Indian constitution. Voters have also proved that the Hurriyat Conference is not their true representative. The world media and 28 representatives from various countries, who came to the state, cannot ignore the enthusiasm shown by voters of the state."
"No Peaceful Solution to Kashmir Problem Other Than Division"
An article by former editor Shankar Ghosh in (9/15) left-of-center Sambad Pratidin read: "Maybe, India's hopes now revolve around the U.S. administration to force Musharraff resolve the Kashmir problem and this may be possible due to India's reportedly improved relations with America. Although an infuriated Bush Administration could crush Afghanistan following 9/11, it did not touch Pakistan providing refuge to bin Laden. America does not have the power to do anything that might endanger Musharaff's throne ... On principle both the Governments of India and Pakistan are opposed to settle the Kashmir problem on the basis of a division. Even if the U.S. administration wants it there is little possibility ... Another alternative could be an India-Pakistan war which may assume nuclear proportions."
PAKISTAN: " After The Polls in Kashmir"
Zubeida Mustafa wrote in the Karachi-based independent national Dawn (10/16): "How will Pakistan respond at this critical juncture? With the process of government formation in Islamabad so fluid at the moment and the emergence of the pro-jihad religious parties in substantial strength, a rethinking of the Kashmir policy may have become difficult. Nevertheless, policy makers who are empowered to take decisions on foreign policy should opt for a low profile on Kashmir. While Islamabad should seek to disengage from the armed struggle in the disputed state, it should leave it to the APHC to set the tone for it and determine its course. There are too many contradictions in Pakistan's Kashmir policy to carry it to a logical and realistic end. It makes little sense to demand, parrot-like, a plebiscite the modalities of which were laid down in the 1949 UN resolutions. These resolutions are no longer implementable. Hence the need is for greater pragmatism. If Prof Abdul Gani Bhat can show it, why not Pakistan?"
"A Diversionary Tactic?"
An editorial in the center-right national Nation opined (10/9): "Despite a partial pullback of war gadgetry by India, eyeball-to-eyeball troop deployment has created a hair-trigger situation where even one misstep can precipitate a devastating war between the two nuclear-armed rivals. After suffering a series of setbacks in IHK (Indian Held Kashmir), India could be planning some misadventure in the (Azad Jammu and Kashmir) AJK on the pretext of hitting the 'training camps' It seems poised, or at least keen, to copy Washington's Iraq policy by launching pre-emptive aggression. At the same time New Delhi seems keen to extract from the U.S. a hefty quid pro quo for observing 'restraint' to let the latter to get on with its 'war on terrorism'. Pakistan needs to exercise the maximum possible vigilance to deter a sneak attack. Tension will only be lowered when Indian troop formations move back to peacetime locations."
"Costly And Senseless"
An editorial in the Karachi-based independent national Dawn (10/6) commented: "The missile race in South Asia shows no signs of slowing down, much less halting. Friday's tests by Pakistan and India serve to highlight this unhappy fact for their poverty-stricken peoples.... The aim should not be merely a solution of the Kashmir problem, but a long-term relationship that will disengage the two countries from a costly and senseless arms race which they cannot afford and which they must bring to an end soon."
"Clouds of War Hovering Over South Asia, International Community Should Take Notice"
An editorial in pro-Muslim league Urdu-language Pakistan stated (10/4): "According to defense analysts, the Indian Prime Minister has adopted a strong stance (on Pakistan) after his recent U.S. visit. Similarly, the other Indian leaders have also started giving intimidating statements about Pakistan. The military actions that India has taken also demonstrate its intentions. U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Christina Rocca's recent visit to South Asia was not successful. She came here with two objectives; (1) To decrease tension between India and Pakistan, (2) To get Pakistani support for the farcical elections in Held Kashmir. Pakistani authorities informed her that India was responsible for tension between the two countries, because although Pakistan had taken steps to reduce tension, India had not responded positively. As far as the so-called elections in Held Kashmir are concerned, the international media have said that even the presence of 700,000-strong army could not succeed in bringing out Kashmiris to the polling stations.... It is evident from Indian media that India could attack (Pakistan) under the pretext of eliminating terrorist camps in Azad Kashmir.... Pakistan should start a diplomatic campaign in this regard so that a befitting reply is given to India on allegations of infiltration and elections in Held Valley."
"A Small Step"
An editorial in the centrist national News (10/3) read: "The self-evident lesson of the dangerous situation is that, thus far, the U.S. has been a part of the problem. Its distorted view of the Indo-Pak relations and the Kashmir dispute, in particular, has made movement towards de-escalation difficult. In the longer term, it could encourage India to evade any meaningful dialogue on the real and only dispute -- Kashmir. Therefore, while the support expressed by Ms. Rocca is a small step in the right direction, a bigger course-correction needs to be made by the U.S. government if it is to play an honest broker in the sub-continent."
"Failure Of Rocca's Visit"
An editorial in the center-right national Nation (10/3) opined: "U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for South Asia Christina Rocca failed to make any headway in the two principal concerns of her visit to India and Pakistan, easing tension between them, and seeking Islamabad's support for the Held Kashmir polls farce.... Her attempt, therefore, was not expected to yield immediate results. All one could anticipate was that her meetings with Pakistani officials, including the President, would delineate the current status of our relations with India, which has refused to budge from its obduracy. Accordingly, Islamabad brought to her attention its valid complaint about the lack of reciprocity from New Delhi for whatever it has done to calm the situation, and as the rest of the world has been doing, stressed the need for early de-escalation and resumption of Indo-Pakistan dialogue. Ms. Rocca conveyed to Pakistani officials her government's resolve to remain engaged in the region."
"Kashmir In The New Preemptive Doctrines"
An op-ed by Shireen M. Mazari in the centrist national News (10/2) read: "In the new National Security Strategy of the Bush Administration, the doctrine of military preemption - a euphemism for military aggression on the part of the U.S. and its allies - has been formally stated within the U.S. global strategic policy. And, as expected, strategic allies like India have jumped on the opportunity to legitimize their aggressive military designs in the region. Thus, one has heard Jaswant Singh declare in Washington that "every country has a right to pre-emptive strikes as an inherent part of its right to self-defense, and it was not the prerogative of any one nation."... Anyhow, from Pakistan's perspective, with preemption having been given a certain real politik legitimization, and with defusing of "regional tensions" a part of the U.S. National Security Strategy, there is a need to evolve some proactive moves on resolution of the Kashmir issue. Otherwise, the U.S. along with its strategic ally India may impose "solutions" on us. Already the bias on the part of the U.S. has become overt in the statements coming from the U.S. ambassador to New Delhi, Mr. Blackwell.... Pakistan needs to move proactively on the issue of resolution of the Kashmir dispute before India gets inspired by the American preemptive doctrine. While India cannot succeed in this, it can destabilize and destroy the peace and well being of the region. Therefore, there is a need to politically preempt India's aggressive designs."
"Chinese Ambassador's Demand Of The World Community"
An editorial in the pro-Muslim League Urdu-language Pakistan (10/1) stated: "The Chinese Ambassador has supported Pakistan's offer of talks with India at any level, at any place, at any time.... The Chinese Ambassador has rightly pointed out that despite Pakistan's cooperation in war against terrorism, ironically, pressure is being increased on Pakistan, and no concrete effort is being made to push India to agree on a peaceful settlement of all disputes. We want to draw attention to the fact that the Indian atrocities against the miserable Kashmiri freedom fighters are also being totally ignored. We are thankful to the Chinese Ambassador that he has drawn World attention towards the facts in South Asia, and we hope that China will highlight this issue in the highest diplomatic forums and through the media to awaken the conscience of the world community."
"Kashmir Issue, India's Obstinacy: Need For A Comprehensive Diplomatic Campaign"
The pro-Muslim League Urdu-language Pakistan (9/20) editorialized: "Keeping in view the history of Pak-U.S. and India-U.S. relations it looks extremely difficult if not impossible that the U.S. will force India to withdraw its forces from Indo-Pak borders. The U.S. is taking interest in resolving the Kashmir issue, but it should not be assumed that the U.S. agrees with Pakistan's point of view on Kashmir. In fact U.S. neither supports nor opposes the Indian or Pakistani stand on Kashmir.... India is threatening Pakistan that if Pakistan will not stop (alleged) infiltrations on the border, it will take "Suitable Action" against Pakistan. This is an open war threat.... Pakistan should launch a comprehensive aggressive diplomatic campaign to inform the World, especially Muslim countries, about the fact of the border situation and highlight the importance of Indo-Pak dialogue to restore peace in South Asia. The danger cannot be ignored that India can follow the example of President Bush vis a vis Iraq and start aggression in the region."
"Kashmir Elections In U.S. Eyes"
An editorial in the center-right national Nation (9/19) read: "It would come as a shock to those who have remained stubborn in their belief, despite enough dissuading evidence, that our rediscovered friendship with the U.S. would help us protect our vital national interests, which New Delhi is bent upon striking at. A senior State Department official finds the first phase of Held Kashmir polls free and fair.... The Bush Administration has been at pains to make the electoral charade a success. First it tried to persuade the APHC not to boycott, and now that the farce has begun, it is telling the world that everything is hunky-dory with the Kashmiris who have opted for India in a free vote. Neither their basic right to decide their future enshrined in UN resolutions nor the vital interests of Pakistan have any value in U.S. eyes when measured against Indian friendship, which it perceives as fundamental to its strategic interests..."
"Gun Point Polls"
The centrist national News (9/16) commented: "Indian held Kashmir is braced for a particularly violent state "election," which starts today with the 700,000 Indian occupation force determined to break the Kashmiris' boycott.... But at the same time it has prepared the grounds for explaining away its failure abroad by claiming that the resistance was mainly due to the threat posed by what it describes as "Islamic terrorists".... Pakistan needs to change its Kashmir policy, bringing it into sync with the demands of the time, rather than to tread a lonely path that has not proved fruitful so far. The international perceptions are beginning to change, and what was taken to be for granted is no longer so. There is much less of the earlier emphasis on principles and more of pragmatism among the western states, who see themselves as the natural inheritors of a world in which they want to face no threat. The rights of Kashmiris and Palestinians and others similarly placed are no longer at the top of the agenda. These have been obscured by terrorism, regardless of its hue, that poses the new peril. The boycott of the polls in a distant trouble spot will be deplored in western capitals, not sought to be understood."
"History Of Rigged Polls In Held Kashmir"
An op-ed by Dr. Ayub Thakur in the centrist national News (9/16) opined: "Elections under the inhibiting presence of a large number of Indian military and paramilitary forces, (to date over 700,000) will never be an answer to the core problem of Kashmir. And unless the Kashmiri people get their right of self-determination, the Kashmir crisis will continue, rigged elections notwithstanding. It is time for India's rulers to understand this to India's benefit."
GERMANY: "The Fuse In Gujarat"
Left-of-center Frankfurter Rundschau (9/26) wrote in an editorial: "There was no more appropriate place for a terrorist attack than Gujarat.... The Hindu temple in Gandhinagar promised any 'holy warrior' that his deed would have the utmost impact. The attack took place in Gujarat, but the target was Kashmir, where elections are currently taking place under Indian supervision. The Islamists raised in Pakistan have apparently resorted to their most powerful weapon, because the elections appear to be fairer than previous ones. It is up to India to decide whether the terrorists will be successful. It will not suffice to send 3,000 soldiers to Gujarat. To prevent an explosion, the Indian government will have to react with the full sovereignty of a multi-ethnic democracy, not with populist reflexes."
THAILAND: "South Asia Votes A Pair Of Shocks"
The lead editorial in top-circulation, moderately conservative English-language Bangkok Post
read (10/14): "Unfortunately, the twin elections will do little to patch Pakistan-India relations, over Kashmir or other issues. Voters may have voted for change, but their message was murky. Both President Musharraf and Prime Minister Vajpayee are likely to be defensive about their political losses. They are more likely to dig in their heels than move towards negotiations. Mr. Musharraf was already moving on the weekend to bolster his shaky political relations. Mr. Vajpayee will want at least a pro-New Delhi coalition in Kashmir. .The victory of the democratic processes is heartening in South Asia. It is only a shame voters had so few choices. They were willing to go against the best hopes of their national leaders. But neither Kashmir nor the Pakistan parliament has a strong, alternative leadership. Pakistani and Indian leaders know, however, that they have no blank check for unpopular actions."
"New Spirit Needed In Kashmir Conflict"
The lead editorial in top-circulation, moderately conservative, English-language Bangkok Post read (9/22): "The Kashmir Study Group came up with a plan for Kashmir in 1998 which has come to be known as the Andorra model, after the semi-autonomous state of Andorra which lies between Spain and France. The plan would call for the state to be a secular, constitutional democracy with its own legislature. The borders with India and Pakistan would be open, and both nations would cooperate in funding and defense. An international presence would likely be required for a while. This solution would likely be popular in the region because many, if not most, Kashmiris would prefer not to be part of either India or Pakistan. It would also allow both sides to save face. The flaw in this arrangement is that it would require a spirit of compromise, cooperation and community in certain groups which are not known for these qualities."
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