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Countries Possessing Ballistic Missiles This
table was prepared by Todd Sechser of the Carnegie
Non-Proliferation Project. It represents the Project's best
assessment of the 33 countries-other than the five nuclear
powers-that have operational ballistic missiles with range
capabilities of over 100 kilometers.
Longer-range missiles are identified with larger type
sizes. Missiles
reported to be in development are listed in italics.
Endnotes and a key are provided below.[i]
KEY:
[i]
Principle sources for this table include: National Air
Intelligence Center, Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threat (National Air Intelligence
Center, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, April 1999);
International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS),
"Ballistic and Cruise Missiles," The
Military Balance 1999-2000 (London: Oxford University
Press, 1999), pp. 309-11; National Intelligence Council, Foreign
Missile Developments and the Ballistic Missile Threat to the
United States Through 2015, Unclassified National
Intelligence Estimate, September 1999; US Department of
Defense (DOD), Proliferation:
Threat and Response (Washington, DC: GPO, November
1997); Center for Defense and International Security
Studies, "Ballistic Missile Capabilities by Country,"
<http://www.cdiss.org/btablea.htm>; and Tracking Nuclear Proliferation: A Guide in Maps and Charts, 1998 (Washington,
DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1998) <
http://www.ceip.org/programs/npp/track98.htm>. [ii]
Russia shipped 8 Scud launchers and 24 missiles to Armenia
between 1992 and 1995. See Nikolai Novichkov, "Russia
Details Illegal Deliveries to Armenia," Jane's Defence Weekly, 16 April 1997, p. 15. [iii]
IISS lists 8 SS-23 launchers in Bulgaria, despite
prohibition of SS-23 missiles by the INF Treaty. [iv]
Iran reportedly delivered Scud-B and Scud-C missiles to the
Democratic Republic of Congo in November 1999.
See "DRC Receives Iranian 'Scud' Missiles," Jane's
Defence Weekly, 1 December 1999, p. 5; and Bill Gertz,
"Tehran Sold Scud Missiles to Congolese," Washington
Times, 22 November 1999. [v]
The Czech Republic dismantled its Scud-B inventory between
1988 and 1991. The last SS-23 and associated launcher and
support equipment in the Czech Republic was destroyed by
mid-1996. [vi]
The Dhanush is a naval version of the Prithvi, and Indian
officials are reportedly planning a flight test in the near
future. See Vivek Raghunvanishi, "India to Develop
Extensive Nuclear Missile Arsenal," Defense
News, 24 May 1999; and Rahul Bedi, "India is Set for
Dhanush Trials," Jane's
Defence Weekly, 2 February 2000, p. 19. [vii]
The Indian government first acknowledged the existence of
the Sagarika in October 1998, identifying it as a 250-350
kilometer sea-launched cruise missile derived from the
Prithvi. Other
sources maintained that the Sagarika program also contained
a ballistic missile division. The intended range and role of the Dhanush, however, suggest
that it may in fact be the new name for the Sagarika
ballistic missile program.
See Rahul Bedi, "India Confirms Plans for Improved
Agni and Naval Cruise Missile," Jane's
Missiles and Rockets, October 1998; "In Search of the
Real Sagarika," Jane's
Intelligence Review, July 1998; and T.S. Gopi Rethinaraj,
"Navalised Prithvi Causes Confusion," Jane's
Intelligence Review, January 1999. [viii]
The Agni-2 test missile traveled over 1,250 kilometers. [ix]
Estimates of the range of this new missile vary widely.
The National Air Intelligence Center projects a range
of 3250 kilometers, Indian scientists have claimed the range
will exceed 5000 kilometers, and some Western analysts
estimate 8,000-12,000 kilometers.
See Vivek Raghunvanishi, "India to Develop
Extensive Nuclear Missile Arsenal," Defense
News, 24 May 1999; Institute for Foreign Policy
Analysis, [x]
The DOD reported that Iran also produces a 200-km
"Zelzal" missile and a 150-km "Nazeat" missile,
which may be variations of its "Mushak" series. Iran has
also tried to acquire a complete North Korean Nodong system
and the Chinese M-9 and M-11 missiles. [xi]
Estimates of the range of this new IRBM are only
speculative, drawing upon remarks by the Iranian Defense
Minister, who identified the missile as the "Shahab-5".
Kenneth Timmerman also suggested that Iran might be
developing an IRBM (which he called the "Kosar") on July
13, 1999 during hearings on the Iran Nonproliferation Act of
1999. See
Hearings of the Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics, US
House Committee on Science, <http://www.house.gov/science/timmerman_071399.htm>;
and Bill Gertz, "Tehran Increases Range on Missiles," Washington
Times, 22 September 1999. [xii]
One intelligence report called the Al Samoud a "scaled
down Scud." See
"Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction Programs," US
Government White Paper No. 3050, released February 17, 1998. [xiii]
Though intended to have a range of 950 kilometers, the Al
Fatah has been successfully tested to only 200 kilometers. [xiv]
The missile impacted 1,320 kilometers from the launch point.
It attempted and failed to put a small satellite into orbit,
demonstrating some progress in staging technology. [xv]
One analysis suggests that Pakistan developed the Hatf-2
based on French sounding rocket engines that it obtained.
See S. Chandrashekar, "An Assessment of Pakistan's
Missile Capability," Jane's
Strategic Weapon Systems, March 1990, p. 4. [xvi]
Pakistan claimed that the missile impacted 1,100 kilometers
from its launch point. [xvii]
Development of the Shaheen-2 was reported in the Indian
newspaper The Hindu,
but the report was not confirmed by Western sources.
See Atul Aneja, "Pakistan Begins Work on Shaheen-II,"
The Hindu, 27
September 1999. [xviii]
See "Pakistan Tests Ghauri 3 Engine; Says New Shaheen
Missile in Development," Current Missile News, Center for Defense and International Security
Studies, 9 July 1999 <http://www.cdiss.org/99july9.htm>;
"Pakistan Tests Ghauri III Engine," Jane's
Defence Weekly, 13 October 1999, p. 6. [xix]
IISS lists Slovakia as possessing SS-23 missiles, despite
their INF Treaty prohibition. [xx]
The Jerusalem Post reported development of an advanced Syrian
modification of the Scud-C, but this report has not been
confirmed by Western sources.
See Arieh O'Sullivan, "Syrian Super Scud Ready
Soon-Source," Jerusalem
Post, 16 September 1999. [xxi]
This program was reportedly initiated in autumn 1995 and is
based on the Sky Bow II SAM. |
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