1957-60 - Myasishchev Projects
In the years 1957-60, the aerospace vehicles MKA-40, M-46, and M-48 were developed by OKB-23 of V.Myasishchev. They were intended for use with the Korolev's R-7. The last version was called VKA-23 (Aerospace vehicle OKB-23) for the first time envisaged the use of tiled ceramic thermal protection. It had a a small wing of small extension with a 2 keel vertical fins on wing tips. The total weight of the device was 4.5 tons, with a length of 9m, span of the wing 6.5 m, the height of the keels was 2 m. The device was able to carry a useful the cargo of 700kg to orbits with a height of 400 km.
By March 1960 the design was calculated in detail. There were many variants of the rocketplane, but the company moved from aviation in favor of missiles, so put an end to these developments. KB Myasishchev and OKB-256 in the autumn of 1960 were redeveloped and became branches OKB-52 Chelomey. Myasishchev himself was sent to the post of director of TsAGI. Tsybin was transferred to work in OKB-1 as Deputy to Korolev. The design materials lay on the shelf in OKB-1.
1958 - OKB-52 MP-1
In the late 1950s in OKB-52 conducted work on maneuvering satellites for the military, and for inspection of enemy space objects. These were conical hypersonic capsules with aerodynamic surfaces for control on atmospheric site of descent. In 1961 R-12 missile was launched a scale model MP-1 long 1.8 meters weighing 1,75 tons with eight aerodynamic flaps. The booster lifted it to the altitude 200km, and it went further it on its own engines, reaching a height of 405 km. The device entered the atmosphere at a distance of 1760 km from the launch site at a speed of 3.8 km/s, after which it landed on a parachute. Two years later, a similar M-12 apparatus was tested, only with number of scutes reduced to four. The total in 1961-63 was 12 suborbital launches of scale models MP-1 and M-12.
1960 - OKB-52 R-1 / P-2
With the arrival of OKB-52 people from firms Myasischev and Tsybin began work on the rocketplanes. Projects were developed rocketplanes with a folding wing - unmanned R-1 weight 6.3t. and manned P-2 weight 8t. The standard flight trajectory should have included an elliptical orbit with perigee 160km. and apogee 290km. the total flight time was 24 hours. The load on the descent was only 3.5-4 Gs, in contrast to 9-11 on the descent of the the Vostok spacecraft. To launch the launch vehicles, two-stage LV A-150 with a starting weight of about 200 tons. After the removal in October 1964 from the leading posts of N.S.Khrushchev (whose son Sergei worked in OKB-52) to work commission began to "investigate" the activities of OKB-52. The works were rolled up, all materials on the rocket-plan were decided to be transferred to OKB-155 of A.Mikoyan, who had behind his back politically more long-lived patrons. There were also the materials on the PKA from OKB-1 were given.
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