L-1 Soyuz Lunar Flyby
In September 1963, the L-1 project appears in plans for exploring outer space during the years 65-75. The action of the flyby of the moon by a spacecraft (spacecraft) with a crew of two people remains, and for these purposes it was supposed to use the spacecraft "Soyuz". It was much more perfect than its predecessor "Vostok" and became the apparatus that is used (in the modernized version) by Russia up to the present. The Soyuz consisted of a descent vehicle, a residential module, an equipment module, an engine compartment, and equipment for approaching and docking with other objects.
For the flight to the moon, the strength of one "Soyuz" was not enough. According to the plans, the necessary complex was created in orbit and consisted of a residential module and a propulsion system with fuel tanks. Initially, the Soyuz launch vehicle would bring the engine compartment into near-earth orbit, after which it was refueled with fuel, which was delivered during four launches (using the same PH) of tanker apparatuses. The last, the sixth, was launched by the manned “Soyuz”, which was docked with the filled accelerating unit, which after that brought the entire system to the flight path to the Moon.
In its achievement, the entire complex went into a circumlunar orbit, from which photographing and other scientific studies were conducted. After 7-8 days of operation, the spacecraft, turning on the propulsion system, would have entered the return path. The crew would transfer to the descent vehicle (it separated from the Soyuz at an altitude of 120-150 km), in which they would land. The mass of the entire complex in earth orbit would be 23 tons, of which the lunar ship accounted for only 5,100 kg.
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