Chang'e VII -
China's lunar exploration program includes Chang'e-7, which is planned for launch around 2026 with a primary mission of searching for evidence of lunar water in the lunar south pole region. Chang'e-7 is China 's comprehensive exploration mission of the moon 's topography, material composition, and space environment. Flight orbit is a circular orbit of about 200km around the moon (short-term 200km×15km), at an inclination angle of 90°. The Chang'e-7 probe is actually composed of five spacecrafts: an orbiter, a lander, a polar relay satellite, a rover, and a flyby probe. The launch mass is as high as 8.2 tons. The design life of 8 years has doubled compared to the past, but the actual life is longer.
In the eighteen years since the Chang'e lunar exploration project was established, by 2021 the goals of the first, second and third phases of the lunar exploration project have been successfully completed through a total of 4 missions, Chang'e 1, Chang'e 2, Chang'e 3, Chang'e 5 T1 and Chang'e 5, and achieved The established three-step strategy for lunar orbit and return has been mastered, including circumlunar flight, lunar soft landing, lunar patrol, lunar soil sample collection and packaging, lunar take-off, lunar orbit unmanned automatic rendezvous and docking and sample transfer, A series of lunar exploration engineering capabilities represented by lunar-to-ground transfer and high-speed semi-ballistic reentry have laid a solid foundation for further in-depth lunar exploration in the future.
Chang'e-7 will be launched around 2026 to carry out environmental and resource exploration of the lunar South Pole. CCTV reported on November 26, 2022 that the National Space Administration released a deep space exploration mission plan. Chang'e-7 plans to land at the South Pole of the moon and carry out flyby exploration.
In February 2023, Wu Weiren , chief designer of China's lunar exploration project , introduced that Chang'e-7 is preparing to land at the south pole of the moon. Its main task is to carry out flyby detection and strive to find water. Chang'e-7 will carry out environmental exploration and resource utilization at the lunar south pole. One of its key goals is to search for water ice and other substances.
Affected by the moon's rotation axis and terrain, there are many areas at the north and south poles of the moon that cannot be illuminated by sunlight, which are called "permanent shadow areas." According to Past data from lunar orbiting satellites and lunar impact detection have indirectly proven that impact craters that have no light all year round are rich in water ice resources and other volatiles.
Water can solve many problems. For example, it can be converted into drinking water needed for the survival of astronauts, it can also be electrolyzed to produce oxygen, and water can also be used to prepare propellant required for rockets.
In addition to water ice resources, the polar regions of the moon, like the polar regions of the Earth, also have polar day and night phenomena. For example, the area near the moon's south pole can have more than 300 days of total illumination throughout the year. The length of the moon and night throughout the year is longer than in other regions. It is much shorter, which means that the detector here can operate continuously and the detection efficiency is higher.
Therefore, many powerful players in the world are targeting the lunar polar regions, especially the lunar south pole, which has more permanent shadow areas. They are either eager to try or gearing up. The "Commercial Lunar Payload Service Program" launched by NASA on the other side of the ocean is currently known to have at least three to four lunar South Pole landing missions.
On January 14, 2019, the State Council Information Office held a press conference on the Chang'e-4 mission of the lunar exploration project . Wu Yanhua, deputy director of the National Space Administration and deputy commander-in-chief of the lunar exploration project, said at the meeting that the National Space Administration is organizing domestic experts After demonstrating the follow-up plan, it is basically clear that there are still three missions: First, Chang'e-6 plans to return samples to the south pole of the moon, and determine whether the moon is on the far side or the front based on the sampling results of Chang'e-5 ; second, Chang'e-7 plans to survey the topography of the moon , material composition, and space environment; thirdly, in addition to continuing scientific detection tests, Chang'e-8 will also conduct lunar surface tests of some key technologies.
On August 27, 2020, according to the Lunar Exploration and Space Engineering Center of the China National Space Administration, the Chang'e-7 mission of the fourth phase of China's lunar exploration project will land on the lunar South Pole and carry out polar environment and resource exploration. Chang'e-7 17 units The payload is planned to be selected through competition.
On April 24, 2022, the launching ceremony of the 2022 "China Space Day" was held online. Information released by the National Space Administration shows that China Aerospace will adhere to the forefront of world aerospace development and the major strategic needs of national aerospace, launch Chang'e-6, Chang'e-7, and Chang'e-8 probes one after another, and carry out mission-critical technology research and international lunar scientific research. Website construction.
In September 2022, Liu Jizhong, director of the Lunar Exploration and Space Engineering Center of the National Space Administration, said that the fourth phase of the lunar exploration project has been approved by the state, and the Chang'e-7 mission will be implemented within the next ten years. Chang'e-7 is under development, and follow-up plans will be made. Exploration will be carried out at the lunar south pole, and a basic model of an international lunar scientific research station will also be established.
In September 2022, the National Space Administration recently issued the "Announcement on Chang'e-7 Mission Loading Opportunities." Chang'e-7 will be launched around 2026 to carry out environmental and resource exploration of the lunar South Pole. According to news on November 22, 2022, the important payload of Chang'e-7 had completed the calibration experiment.
In November 2022, in an interview with reporters, Wu Weiren introduced that Chang'e-7 will land on the south pole of the moon and carry out flyby detection. In addition, Chang'e-7 also shoulders an important mission, which is to explore the existence of water on the moon. In addition, the Chang'e-8 mission will be launched around 2028. By then, Chang'e-8 and Chang'e-7 will form the basic model of China's lunar south pole scientific research station.
In 2023, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation plans to arrange more than 50 space launch missions, including the development of Chang'e-7, Tianwen-2 and other models, and the completion of the first flight of the Long March-6C carrier rocket.
In April 2023, China's "Chang'e 7" is preparing to land at the lunar South Pole to conduct a flyby exploration to search for water resources. In the future, "Chang'e 7" and "Chang'e 8" will form the basic model of the lunar south pole scientific research station, including a lunar orbiter, a lander, a lunar rover, a flyby and several scientific detection instruments.
On April 24, 2023, Academician Wu Weiren, chief designer of China's lunar exploration project, introduced that Chang'e 7 is planned to be launched around 2026. Its main mission is to go to the lunar south pole to find evidence of water on the moon. This mission is very complex and the risk factor is also very high. Chang'e 7 is expected to become the first spacecraft to land at the south pole of the moon.
The Queqiao-2 relay satellite is planned to be launched in 2024. As a public relay satellite platform for the fourth phase of lunar exploration, it will provide relay communication services for Chang'e-7.
On April 24, 2023, Academician Wu Weiren introduced that my country is undergoing the fourth phase of lunar exploration. Among them, the Chang'e-6 mission is planned to be implemented around 2024. Its main task is to sample the far side of the moon and carry lunar samples back to the earth. , this is also the first time humans have collected lunar soil from the back of the moon.
Chang'e-7 consists of four vehicles and one satellite, namely a lander, an orbiter, a rover, a flyby and a relay satellite. The spacecraft will carry out flyby detection on the moon for the first time, flying over the moon's south pole shadow crater to conduct surveys to search for possible water or water ice on the moon. The rover, also known as the lunar rover, will form the basic type of the lunar south pole scientific research station together with the orbiter, lander and other scientific detection instruments and Chang'e 8.
The mission would carry out environmental and resource exploration of the lunar south pole, including detection missions of the lunar south pole lunar surface environment, lunar soil water ice and volatile components, obtain remote sensing and in-place scientific data of the entire moon, landing areas and patrol areas, and provide lunar scientific research stations Lay the foundation for construction.
Chang'e-7 is preparing to land at the south pole of the moon. Its main task is to carry out flyby detection and strive to find water. Chang'e-7 will carry out environmental exploration and resource utilization at the lunar south pole. One of its key goals is to search for water ice and other substances.
The "orbiter" is the control center of the Chang'e-7 assembly's Earth-moon transfer flight. Since the pre-selected landing area is at the south pole of the moon, it needs to aim at the capture orbit with an inclination of 90 degrees for near-lunar braking. After reaching the far moon point of the lunar capture orbit The "relay spacecraft" was the first to separate and change its orbit to the relay orbit alone. After that, the orbiter made the second near-lunar braking and changed the orbit of the assembly to the detailed investigation orbit. It will conduct high-resolution imaging operations on the pre-selected landing area at the south pole of the moon. , to serve the subsequent lunar landing operations of the lander assembly.
The Chang'e-7 orbiter will inherit the design scheme of the Chang'e-5 orbiter. The latter has significant lightweight design advantages and applies large load-bearing complex lightweight structures, multi-redundant path composite force transmission structures, and large load-bearing composite materials. Seven innovative technologies, including the one-piece intercalated variable thickness load-bearing spherical cap technology, have a structural mass ratio of 9.6%. The surface tension tank used by the orbiter has also achieved a 30% weight reduction. The orbiter has a dry weight of 1 ton, its ultimate bearing capacity can be as high as 30 tons.
The "Lunar Microwave Imaging Radar" is an internationally leading synthetic aperture radar imaging equipment. In the earth's low-Earth orbit, synthetic aperture radar can penetrate clouds and fog for remote sensing of the earth and is not afraid of the dark night environment. It also has unique advantages on the moon. The "Lunar Microwave Imaging Radar" adopts a high-resolution, dual-band, multi-polarization design with a maximum resolution better than 0.3 meters (the overall bidding indicator for the project is 1 meter). It can detect impact craters in the permanent shadow areas of the north and south poles of the moon. High-resolution radar imaging is like a piercing eye through the darkness.
In addition, the Chang'e-7 orbiter will also be equipped with a "wide-band infrared spectrum imaging analyzer" that can acquire high-resolution visible-infrared-thermal infrared spectral images, as well as acquire lunar surface fast neutrons and epithermal neutrons, thermal neutron flux, and lunar surface gamma ray energy spectrum, the "lunar neutron gamma spectrometer" also works jointly with the rover's lunar surface magnetic field measuring instrument to obtain detection data such as the lunar magnetic field and distribution characteristics, which provides the basis for reflection. The "circumlunar magnetometer" provides scientific basis for studying the internal structure of the moon and the lunar space environment. The "laser communication test payload" will also verify the high-speed laser communication link in the Earth-lunar space, explore new communication methods for large-traffic data transmission at lunar scientific research stations, and also serve as a backup link for telemetry and remote control.
The Chang'e-7 orbiter will be the most powerful and complete "lunar remote sensing satellite" deployed by humans on the moon. The various detection data it acquires will effectively support a series of subsequent unmanned and manned lunar explorations.
After completing the imaging operation of the pre-selected landing area at the lunar South Pole during the detailed orbit around the moon, the Chang'e-7 assembly will select an opportunity to descend into orbit. Then the lander assembly will separate from the orbiter and begin preparations for landing at the pre-selected landing area at the lunar South Pole.
The "lander assembly" is composed of three detectors, namely the lander, the rover, and the flyover detector. The configurations of the lander and rover will fully draw on previous mission design experience and make adaptive improvements to the environment of the lunar south pole landing area. For example, in response to the low solar altitude angle, the layout of the solar cells of the two devices will undergo major changes. . Since the relay satellite and flyby probe occupy the space at the top of the lander, the rover will be carried side-mounted. This requires an optimized design based on the envelope size constraints of the Long March 5 rocket fairing.
The first engineering problem facing the lander assembly is to verify the fixed-point landing technology on the lunar surface , because the selection of the landing area requires both long-term continuous illumination and proximity to the permanent shadow area. Multiple constraints lead to options. The landing area is very small, and the subsequent construction of the lunar scientific research station will also be inseparable from fixed-point landing technology.
Looking back at the previous landing missions of the Chang'e lunar exploration project, Chang'e-3, Chang'e-4, and Chang'e-5 successfully soft-landed on the lunar surface three times in a row, with a lunar landing success rate of 100%. They have the ability to choose the landing area according to the detection needs of "full lunar surface arrival" Capability", the above-mentioned landers all use independently innovative relative position navigation solutions based on machine vision concepts to solve the safety problem of autonomous moon landings, but the landing accuracy does not meet the requirements for fixed-point landing.
There are two options for achieving fixed-point landing. One is to place a radio beacon on the moon in advance. The lander communicates with the beacon during the landing process and obtains the three-dimensional coordinates of the relative beacon in real time; the other is relative navigation based on image matching. The lander computer pre-stores the lunar surface image information below the track, and the optical camera takes the image during the landing process, and matches it with the pre-stored image to predict the landing point deviation, and then controls the engine thrust to correct the deviation.
For the Chang'e-7 lander, it is more suitable to use the "image matching relative navigation scheme" to achieve fixed-point landing, and at the same time, combined with the relative position navigation scheme based on the machine vision concept, to meet the requirements for both accurate and safe landing. In the future, a radio beacon navigation solution can be introduced for fixed-point landing to meet the needs of establishing a lunar scientific research station.
The 7-meter resolution full moon image obtained by Chang'e-2 and the high-resolution image of the pre-selected landing area obtained by the Chang'e-7 orbiter can help achieve "image matching relative navigation + relative pose navigation". Image matching relative navigation requires the support of high-resolution lunar surface images.
The lander assembly cannot land on the lunar South Pole without the support of relay satellites. The Queqiao relay satellite deployed in the Hola orbit of the Earth-Moon Lagrange L2 point during the Chang'e-4 mission has limited visibility of the pre-selected landing area at the lunar South Pole. Not good, and the long communication distance affects the communication rate, and the effective measurement and control time is extremely short. Therefore, it is difficult for the Chang'e-7 lander assembly to rely on the Queqiao relay satellite for measurement and control.
Queqiao relay satellite is difficult to guarantee the detection, measurement and control of the lunar polar regions. Therefore, there is the new relay spacecraft to serve the lunar south pole detection. After the relay spacecraft separated from Chang'e-7, it autonomously changed its orbit to a 12-hour relay orbit. This is a large elliptical tilt around the moon. Freezing the orbit offsets the impact of perturbation, allowing the relay spacecraft to maintain its orbit without consuming propellant, thereby ensuring a design life of 8 years (the actual life is longer).
The Chang'e-7 relay satellite can serve up to 10 lunar user spacecrafts at the same time, and can effectively support the subsequent construction and operation tasks of lunar scientific research stations.
The far moon point of the relay orbit is over the South Pole of the moon. Two-thirds of the orbital period is visible to the lander assembly. The available measurement and control time for each orbit is about 8 hours. If continuous coverage of measurement and control is required throughout the day, only one more relay needs to be launched. spacecraft can be achieved. (In addition to relay measurement and control missions, the relay satellite will also carry the "VLBI Test System" and the "Array Neutral Atom Imager" to conduct related scientific research)
The Chang'e-7 lander assembly needs to choose to carry out the moon landing within the measurement and control arc of the relay spacecraft. This technology has been implemented as early as the Chang'e-4 mission. The ground deep space measurement and control network can receive the lander assembly's passage in near real-time. Relevant measurement and control data transmitted back by the satellite.
After going through a total of 7 timing stages including the main deceleration stage, the rapid adjustment stage, the approach stage, the hovering stage, the obstacle avoidance stage, the slow descent stage, and the landing buffer stage, the Chang'e-7 lander assembly made a soft landing at the lunar south pole. district.
The landing area needs to be selected with continuous lighting and close to the permanent shadow area. According to these constraints, the areas in the lunar south pole that are eligible for lunar landings are basically distributed around the edges of the six impact craters: Shackleton, Haworth, Shoemaker, Cambus, de Gerlach, and Sverdrup. and connecting areas.
The illumination rate in the pre-selected landing area is basically above 80% throughout the year. Since there is a polar day phenomenon with continuous illumination, will there be a polar night phenomenon with continuous no illumination? The answer exists, but compared to the number of consecutive days of light, the period of continuous no light is much shorter, usually in the range of 3 to 6 days, and the rest of the time is alternating between shade and light.
Although the continuous no-light time is short, it is still an extremely low-temperature and harsh working condition that is unbearable for the spacecraft, so it is necessary to configure an additional heat source to achieve thermal balance. For example, the Viper lunar rover developed by NASA, because it is not equipped with an additional heat source, cannot survive for more than 50 hours in a moonlit night environment, so that its final lifespan is difficult to exceed one year (the lunar rover landed at a low latitude, and the landing area Continuous moonlit nights without light last longer).
At present, there are only two additional heat sources that have been verified by actual engineering applications. One is an isotope heat source similar to the configuration of planetary rovers such as Yutu 2, Curiosity, and Perseverance, and the other is a phase change storage similar to the configuration of the Zhurong Mars rover. Heat-collecting windows.
Due to the size of the lunar rover and the incident angle of the sun at the south pole of the moon, the Chang'e-7 lunar rover is not suitable for using a phase change energy storage solution similar to the Zhurong Mars rover, so the best choice is still an isotope heat source.
The unique lighting conditions in the lunar south pole landing area will have a great impact on the design of the Chang'e 7 lander and rover. For example, the solar wings of the lander and rover need to be arranged as vertically as possible to adapt to the lower solar altitude angle.
After the Chang'e-7 lander assembly successfully lands in the pre-selected landing area, the rover will drive away along the unfolded ramp. The lunar rover may then be named "Yutu 3", and its overall size will be roughly the same as Yutu 2. . In recent years, many technological breakthroughs made by my country's aerospace industry in the field of planetary vehicles may also be reflected in Yutu 3.
For example, the Zhurong Mars rover pioneered a high-mobility driving mechanism based on active suspension design. NASA's Viper lunar rover learned from this design. It is believed that Yutu 3 will also inherit it to adapt to the complex lunar surface driving needs.
The "Chang'e-7 Competitive Payload Functional Indicator Requirements" revealed that Yutu-3 will carry at least three scientific payloads, namely a Raman spectrometer, a lunar radar, and a lunar surface magnetic field measuring instrument. Compared with the two lunar rovers Yutu and Yutu-2, Yutu-3 has high hopes in terms of the scientific payload it carries.
Yutu-2 lunar rover lunar radar low-frequency channel antenna (the high-frequency channel antenna is at the bottom of the vehicle body). The "lunar radar" is basically the standard equipment of the three lunar rovers. It is known as the "extraterrestrial perspective eye" and is my country's original radar detection equipment. It can detect the shallow geological structure of the moon through electromagnetic waves.
The performance of the Yutu-3 lunar rover's lunar measurement radar will reach a new level. The detection depth of the high-frequency channel exceeds 40 meters, and the detection depth of the low-frequency channel exceeds 400 meters. It will be the first time in the world to measure the lunar soil and subsurface in the lunar south pole landing area. High-resolution detection of geological structures.
The "Raman spectrometer" replaced the infrared imaging spectrometer equipped on the Yutu-2 lunar rover. The Perseverance Mars rover is also equipped with the same type of payload, which has the unique advantages of wide spectral detection range and high operating efficiency. The "Lunar Surface Magnetic Field Measurement Instrument" is used to obtain the residual magnetic field and its gradient distribution pattern on the lunar surface, and can work in conjunction with the orbiter's lunar magnetometer.
The Chang'e-7 lander will be the same as its two predecessors, Chang'e-3 and Chang'e-4. It will not only undertake the mission of landing on the moon, but also the mission of scientific exploration. For this purpose, it will also be equipped with four scientific payloads, namely lunar soil volatilization It is divided into measuring instruments, lunar surface environment detection systems, extreme ultraviolet cameras, and moon seismometers.
The extreme ultraviolet camera will be the second lunar landing with similar equipment. It has also been configured on the Chang'e-3 lander before. The comprehensive performance of the equipment will be greatly upgraded in the Chang'e-7 mission. It is mainly used to obtain the shape of the Earth's plasma layer and its close proximity. The detection data of oxygen ion distribution characteristics in earth space provide scientific basis for studying the coupling mechanism between the earth's plasma layer and the ionosphere, and the interaction process between the solar wind and the magnetosphere.
The moon seismometer is a relatively new scientific payload for the Chang'e lunar exploration project. It is also the first moonseismometer deployed by humans in nearly half a century since the Apollo manned lunar landing project . It is used to measure the vibration state of the lunar surface. , providing scientific basis for studying the physical mechanism of moonquake formation and the structure of the moon's internal sphere.
The Apollo moon landing project was operated by astronauts and installed four seismometers on the moon. Due to the accuracy limitations of the instruments at that time, many unresolved issues have been debated to this day. The Chang'e-7 moon seismometer is expected to end this situation. At the same time, moonquake monitoring is also crucial to the operational safety of lunar scientific research stations and the life safety of astronauts stationed on the lunar surface in the future. This is both a need for scientific exploration and a practical need.
The Chang'e-7 moonseismometer will be released at an appropriate opportunity after the lander lands on the moon, and will independently complete the installation on the lunar surface. It has the function of keeping warm during the moonlit night and has a lifespan of more than 8 years.
As a basic component of the international lunar scientific research station, much of the work of Chang'e-7 is centered around station construction. For example, the lunar surface environment detection system carried by the lander will carry out detection of charged particles, lunar dust and electromagnetic fields on the lunar surface, providing the basis for the lunar scientific research station. Provide scientific data for space environment assessment and assurance.
In addition to releasing the lunar rover and moon seismometer, the lander will also release an independent aircraft "flyover probe" , which will create a new situation in the detection of water ice in the permanent shadow area of ??the moon.
The Chang'e-7 flyby probe is an innovative product that highly integrates a lander and a rover . The probe is equipped with an independent flight control system, as well as the power system and landing system required to support flight, and can achieve multiple takeoffs and landings in a row. Landing, this operation is called "repeated takeoff and landing capability."
Not only can it take off and land repeatedly, but it can also walk on the moon through its landing legs after landing. Rather than saying it is a leap probe, it is actually more of a robot with multi-legged characteristics and flight capabilities. At present, relevant research institutions have completed the design of four-legged and six-legged leap detectors and conducted multiple rounds of ground verification tests.
In addition to the landing and traveling mechanisms, the flyby probe has a prism structure as a whole. The design purpose is also to allow the solar cells to adapt to the low incident angle and changing azimuth angles of sunlight in the lunar polar regions. After charging in the sunlit area, it will fly directly into an impact crater with a permanent shadow area for detection.
Prior to this, the synthetic aperture radar configured on the Chang'e-7 orbiter will perform high-resolution imaging of the permanent shadow area to assist the flyover detector in planning its flight path. High-resolution images with a resolution better than 0.3 meters can directly identify areas in the permanent shadow area. Obstacles that pose a threat to flight and landing.
After the flyby probe arrives in the permanent shadow area and lands, the lunar soil water molecule analyzer it carries will obtain direct evidence of the existence of water ice. After completing the detection, it will fly out of the permanent shadow area to the sunlit area to recharge, and the cycle repeats.
Different from the 8-year design life of other members of Chang'e-7, the design life of the Leap Detector is 6 months, which shows that it is not equipped with a heat source device adapted to the moon night environment, and is designed based on the duration constraints of the continuous illumination zone.
"Design life" refers to the minimum expected life, and the actual life will generally be extended under allowable working conditions. For example, the Chang'e-3 lander was designed to have a lifespan of one year, but its actual lifespan has exceeded seven years. For flyover probes, it is also possible that the actual life span exceeds 6 months. However, just like NASA's Viper lunar rover is not equipped with a heat source device for use in a lunar night environment, they cannot withstand the long-term invasion of the extremely low temperature environment on a lunar night.
The first of its kind Leap Detector proves a rule: innovation is never achieved overnight, it is a process of quantitative accumulation triggering qualitative change. The surprises of Chang'e-7 are far more than that. The moonseismometer mentioned earlier can not only monitor the natural vibrations of the moon, but also has the mission of monitoring artificially produced moonquakes.
Chang'e-7 plans to carry a "lunar soil penetration surveyor" . The device will conduct lunar soil penetration experiments at a distance of about 500 to 1,000 meters from the lander, with a penetration depth of about 1.5 meters. The device is based on the distributed detection function to directly Carry out physical property measurements of the lunar soil profile to provide data support for studying the constitutive characteristics of the lunar soil and inverting the water ice content of the lunar soil. The moonseismometer deployed by the lander will collaboratively record the artificial moonquakes produced by the device.
The series of functional innovations of Chang'e-7 are really dazzling. In fact, it mainly focuses on scientific exploration tasks such as lunar geological information, lunar space environment, and key resource exploration. Under the guidance of the above scientific tasks, it has made breakthroughs in fixed-point landing in the lunar polar regions, lunar polar regions, etc. Engineering problems such as precise area survey, permanent shadow area arrival and in-situ detection, and system life and reliability verification in extreme environments.
The Chang'e-5 sample return mission is the culmination of the three-step strategy of the Chang'e lunar exploration project, which is actually the first of the three stages of "exploration, landing, and stationing" of the Chang'e lunar exploration project. The word "Deng" actually has a double meaning. The breakthrough in manned lunar landing capabilities is one of the meanings. The other hand refers to the launch of larger-scale scientific exploration on the lunar surface.
The two meanings are complementary to each other. The fourth phase of the Chang'e lunar exploration project represented by Chang'e 6, Chang'e 7, and Chang'e 8 belongs to the category of "landing". The unmanned lunar surface scientific research station they explored and built, And the detection data obtained will effectively support breakthroughs in manned lunar landing capabilities.
The completion of the construction of the lunar scientific research station and the breakthrough of manned lunar landing capabilities will be regarded as a sign of completing the second phase of the three major phases of "exploration, landing, and stationing".
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