The Federal Emergency Management Information System (FEMIS)
The Federal Emergency Management Information System (FEMIS), which was developed at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), part of the Department of Energy, is an automated decision support system that integrates all phases of emergency management. FEMIS is unique in that it is planning based. During an actual response, emergency personnel can retrieve and execute plans created under non-emergency conditions. FEMIS was specifically designed to support operations in response to an accidental chemical agent release and has been expanded to include capabilities for use with other hazards.
The system utilizes a client-server platform to support multiple users, distributed data, and multiple operations centers. FEMIS uses a UNIX central data server and Windows-based PC clients.
FEMIS tightly integrates the preparedness, response, mitigation, and recovery phases of emergency management. During the planning process, planners use hazard analysis modeling, demographic information, and community conditions to assess vulnerability. Protective action strategies are developed using emergency information such as facilities and traffic control points that may be impacted, as well as other geographic information. Scenario datasets allow planners to create as many separate plan task lists as vulnerability analyses indicate are needed.
During response to an actual emergency, the response decisions are tracked in the FEMIS navigator. Current hazard analysis, including decisions concerning threatened areas and zones at risk, is available. The current community conditions, linked with the planned protective action strategies for this hazard situation, allow FEMIS to suggest the best-fitting plan task list to use in response. After the task list is selected, multiple users can change status for individual tasks, making an overall status available to all users. Any changes made to the task list during a response can be saved for analysis and possible plan improvement.
FEMIS can generate and deliver reports online, using system data and graphics such as maps. Hazard analysis modeling provides output in the form of text reports, static graphical reports displayed on the geographic information system (GIS), and the GIS displays animation over time. Estimates of the population at risk are provided based on census data and the threatened area, and a report of the population and facilities that are potentially at risk can be run.
In daily operations and response, FEMIS enhances communications by replicating current information between jurisdictions. Decisions and activity information are conveyed several ways:
- Shared reports provide a method to transfer information between individuals and EOCs in free-formatted text.
- Pre-defined status boards display task status, shelter use, evacuees, casualties, and meteorological information.
- Site-Defined Status Boards let users create a status board of their own design to be used by their own jurisdiction or to be shared with other jurisdictions.
- User-defined points and polygons allow users to share geographic information between jurisdictions.
Web Operational Status Boards (Web OSB) are a web-based tool that allows emergency managers to identify highly dynamic status information and disseminate appropriate information within an EOC, to multiple EOCs at a site, and to users outside the EOC who need to know the information (shelters, schools, hospitals). Web OSB supports "on-the-fly" planning and response activities using Site Defined Status Boards or Shared Reports.
Users can view, add, or edit Site Defined Status Board contents using a browser. Status board structure changes can be made using the FEMIS Site Defined Status Board Designer. Both structure and content changes are seen by users when they update their window.
FEMIS' exercise mode duplicates its operational functionality and data to allow users to train on the same system and use the same data they will use in day-to-day emergency management operations without interrupting daily operations.
Local, state, and federal emergency management (EM) experts developed the requirements for FEMIS. FEMIS is built on a suite of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) software products, including ArcView and Oracle. The U.S. government provides the hazard analysis model.
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