TOPOFF 2- National Incident Management System
This comment from the TOPOFF 2000 report bears repeating: "Multiple direction and control nodes, numerous liaisons, and an increasing number of response teams complicated coordination, communications, and unity of effort." If anything, TOPOFF 2 may have been characterized by even more teams and communication nodes.
Communication and coordination issues drove the course and outcome of critical public policy decisions, from raising the threat level to the various disaster/emergency declarations, from the determination of exclusion zones to the re-opening of transportation systems. To the extent that there were problems in these areas, communication issues were likely the primary cause.
TOPOFF 2 showed that how people believe communications and coordination is supposed to work based on policy is often not how they work in reality. What may appear to be clearly defined processes-such as requesting the SNS-in practice become much more difficult.
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