Russia & Ukraine Military Industry

In early 2014, cooperation between Ukraine and Russia in the military-technical sphere was suspended. Taking into account the fact that in Ukraine from the Soviet period the production of components for military equipment was partially located, the severing of ties called into question the implementation in time of several programs of the national defense industry.

Ukraine inherited about 30 percent of the Soviet military industry, which at the time encompassed 50 to 60 percent of all Ukrainian enterprises. Today, production by the MIC accounts for 37 percent of Ukraine’s GNP, and the Ukrainian leadership wants to transform the MIC into a high-tech, science-intensive industry.

Motor Sich Joint Stock Company, one of the world’s largest aviation engine manufacturers, makes the engines for most Russian military helicopters. Without engines from Motor Sich, Russia’s plans of adding as many as 1,000 attack helicopters to its fleet becomes much more difficult. Russia has been working to develop its own engine plants, but is still heavily dependent on Ukrainian production.

The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic was a key missile and subcomponents manufacturer during the Soviet era. When the Soviet Union dissolved, Ukraine inherited significant ICBM design and production capabilities, including the Yuzhnoye (Pivdenne) Design Bureau, which designed the SS–18 and the SS–24 ICBMs, and the Yuzhmash (Pivdenmash) Machinebuilding Plant, which produced a wide range of Soviet ICBMs, including the SS–18 and SS–24. During the Soviet era, the Yuzhnoye complex, with its innovative ICBM design and production facility, rivaled some U.S. and Russian missile enterprises. Today, the Yuzhmash plant produces nonmilitary goods such as space boosters, trolleybuses, and washing machines. However, financial strain reportedly has led the plant to explore other production bases. Among these are arms and technology transfer arrangements with China and Iraq, development of a missile with a range of up to 500 kilometers, and conversion of retired military missiles for use as space launchers.

Ukraine’s missile industry is noteworthy, in that its facilities originally were developed as components of a much larger missile and space industry, dispersed throughout the Soviet Union. As a result, whereas Ukraine inherited outstanding capabilities in some areas, it is lacking in many other areas. For example, the programmatic decisions made in Moscow concerning the direction of the Soviet rocket industry left Ukraine without its own rocket launch facilities, except for the ballistic missile silos of the Strategic Rocket Forces deployed in its territory. Therefore, Ukraine’s missile industry is the product of a somewhat random collection of facilities that happened to be located within Ukrainian territory when the Soviet Union broke up. Ukraine has shown no indication that it plans to exploit the considerable potential of its missile industry for military purposes,190 nor has the country attempted to continue ballistic missile production or to modernize the ballistic missiles deployed in its territory.

Although Ukraine attempted a number of joint projects with Western countries, most of these projects have collapsed, leaving Russia Ukraine’s most important partner in this field and the sole source of funding for many missile enterprises. Russia also remains heavily dependent on cooperation with Ukraine, because the Russian Strategic Rocket Forces use many missiles, including the SS–18 and SS–24, designed, manufactured, and/or assembled in Ukraine.

Russia has a major role in upgrading Ukraine’s air force, providing communications and fire-control software for the MiG–29 and helping to modernize Ukraine’s S–300 (SA–10 Grumble), SA–11 Gadfly (9M38 Buk–M1), and SA–N–4 Gecko (OSA–M) air defense systems. Joint Russian–Ukrainian work to develop new combat systems focuses on “designing weapons based on new principles of physics, developing systems of radio and electronic combat and intelligence and country identification.

Import Substitution - 2014

The Ukrainian defense industry sent about 30 percent of its exports to Russia. Ukrainian First Vice-President Vitaly Yarema stated 04 April 2014 that the new Ukrainian government had agreed to halt exports of weapons and military equipment to Russia. At the same time, he confirmed that deliveries of double-purpose (military and civil) products still continue. "It's complete madness to make products for Russia that will then be directed against us, and such a decision has already been made by the prime minister that we are ending military cooperation with Russia," he said.

He noted that Ukraine traditionally was very actively cooperating with Russia in the military-industrial complex and that many companies that produce military goods exported to Russia were operating in Ukraine. The abrupt end to such cooperation with Russia will trigger serious losses for the Ukrainian economy, he added. In this regard, Yarema said, serious work is currently being conducted to find other markets for Ukrainian defense products. In particular, the government planned to redirect exports to eastern markets, he said.

Kyiv continued to supply to Moscow so-called dual-use goods - parts for military equipment and other items that are not formally weapon, but are used in the Russian army. In the near future the government promised to stop this kind of cooperation too, and redirect the national defense industry to other countries and its own army.

Vladimir Putin met with members of the Federal Assembly’s Council of Legislators on 28 April 2014. "Our defence industry cooperation with our Ukrainian partners is very important for Russia’s defence sector, but it is of absolutely crucial importance for Ukraine’s defence industry.

"The difference between the two countries is that Russia and its defence industry have the financial resources and technological level to find replacements for what we currently import. This would require some time and additional money.

"How much time would it take? Depending on the types of goods, it would take from 1.5 to 2.5 years. We already have a rough idea of the costs involved and strange though it may seem, they are not so big and the budget would be able to support them. In these circumstances we would probably have to adjust the state defence procurement orders to the right a little, as the financial specialists say, but this would not be by much.

"We will not revise the state defence procurement orders, such revision would not be needed, but some money could be freed up, including money from the Government reserves, which are sufficient for covering Crimea’s current problems and for these purposes too.

"Breaking ties with Russian partners would have a devastating effect on Ukraine’s defence industry though. The reason for this is that they have no other sales market. The Russian armed forces are their only customer. This situation is inevitable because the aircraft engines that we buy and install in planes and helicopters we operate are not used in other countries and are simply unneeded elsewhere except as scrap metal.

"It would take us some time to develop replacements for engines for naval vessels, especially some types of power equipment for diesel-fuelled submarines and for ships, but the Nikolayevsk Plant would end up in a very tough situation, with no buyer for their goods.

"We hope that things won’t reach the point where these cooperation ties get broken, although we see today that deliveries are not being made in full, and the relevant government agencies there want to halt supplies. In any event, we are already working on this matter. I have instructed the Government and they are actively looking into this whole question of replacing imports now.

"I am sure that the decision to delay supplies and deliveries was not taken by our partners at the factories. They are well aware of what situation the government is putting them in. I am sure that they wish to continue their cooperation with us, but I do not know how events will actually develop. I think – and want to draw to your attention - that this is linked to the idea we have been hearing more and more often from our Western partners about imposing sanctions on some Russian economic sectors, the defence sector above all.

"I think this is an attempt to stop us from finding replacements for these imports and leaving us dependent on other companies, including the plants in Ukraine. This is an attack using low means. But we will achieve our goals regardless. You cannot stop this process in the modern world. Yes, we do need to buy some types of equipment and machine tools from our partners, but they all need to realise that we will find suitable replacements.

"There are unique goods produced by only one or two plants, but even there we will find replacements. It is just a matter of time and money. It will be a bit more expensive and take a little longer, but we will survive and will continue, whereas our partners will not have this chance. Such is the logic of today’s life and reality. But of course we would like to continue our cooperation.

"On the question of Ukrainian specialists possibly moving to Russia, if they want to, we would help them settle in here and they would receive decent wages and housing, flats. You will get the needed money from the federal budget for this.

"I must say that this is already happening, and more than one family, more than one specialist, has already made the move. Of course we are talking here of people who can work at our defence industry companies and whose skills are in demand there. Ukraine has excellent potential in this respect, excellent specialists. We welcome them and would be happy to see them working in Russia in our companies."

On 16 June 2014 Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko imposed a ban on military-technological cooperation with Russia at a meeting of the country's National Security and Defense Council (NSDC). In the estimate of Ukrainian military experts, Ukraine's losses involved will not exceed $300 million annually. Russia's share in Ukraine's arms and special services exports does not exceed 15 percent.

The most severe and even a critical dependence of the Russian military-industrial complex was of Ukrainian enterprises in the fields of rocket and space, aviation and shipbuilding.

Recall that the "Ukrainian origin" has the missile complex RS-20 (P-36M, it is according to NATO classification SS-18 "Satan") developed in the Dnepropetrovsk CB "South" and is produced in the same Dnepropetrovsk - on "Pivdenmash". its steering systems have been developed at the Kharkov NGO "Elektropribor" (today PJSC "Hartron"). The same "Hartron" - manufacturer and supplier of control systems intercontinental ballistic missile UR-100N and it is mine installations, space launch control systems "Energy", "Dnepr", "Arrow", "Rokot" Cyclone "," Cyclone-4 "booster" Briz-KM "unit, a number of other spacecraft and satellites. "Zenith" only "Pivdenmash" in general produced for the Russian space industry. Even in this "missile list" may be added that the aiming system "Topol-M" missile strategic complex designed at the Kiev factory "Arsenal".

The Russian military shipbuilders were in a truly critical depending on Nicholas's research and production complex of gas turbine "Zorya" - "Mashproekt": This is one of the three world monopoly on the manufacture of ship gas turbine engines, primarily for military ships. It was under Nikolaev gas turbine engines were designed several series of Soviet warships (eg, large antisubmarine ships project 61, 1135 and 1135M, 1134-B, 1155 and 1155.1, missile cruisers Project 1164 destroyers projects 956 projects patrol 11540, 11661), many of which even today are part of the Russian fleet. Under TBG production "Zorya" - "Mashproekt" series were designed and ships already for the Russian Navy: Project 11356 patrol, frigates under Project 22350 as originally designed and prospective multipurpose destroyers project 21956.

As it turned out, the manufacture of devices (the term "equipment" necessary to understand a wide range of products, including components for naval weapons systems) for shipbuilders Russia now takes only six companies: Concern "Morinformsystem-Agat", "Granit-Electron", "Okeanpribor" , Central Research Institute "Elektropribor", the company "Transas" and NGOs "Aurora". But the electronic components in these devices, ie, units and components of these products, entirely foreign. Speaking at the Marine Board-Chief of the Russian Navy Admiral Viktor Chirkov literally blew up a meeting with his statement that, in the field of marine engineering and instrument-making import substitution idea completely failed. According to the admiral, the military customers (as well as civil and ship owners) are absolutely huge number of claims for all power plants of domestic production as diesel and gas turbine. Moreover, as it turned out, all three Russian factories, which produced ship engines, everything was still heavily dependent on imports.

In the field of aviation major headache of the Russian military-industrial complex were also Ukrainian engines - helicopter engines TV3-117, VK-2500 and D-136 of various modifications, which are equipped with combat, military transport, transport and civil helicopters of Mi-8 / Mi-14 / Mi -17 / Mi-171, Mi-24 / Mi-35, Mi-26, Mi-28, Ka-50 / Ka-52, Ka-27, Ka-29, Ka-31, Ka-32. Their main producer - Zaporozhye concern "Motor Sich". In addition, it is still the same "Motor Sich" produces engines for the entire cohort of aircraft, the armament Russian Air Force: aircraft electronic intelligence and electronic warfare IL-18 / IL-20, anti-IL-38 military transport AN-8, AN-12, AN-24, AN-26, AN-32, AN-72, AN-124 amphibious aircraft Be-200 and Be-12 aerial aircraft An-30. Also powered by "Motor Sich" equipped with "flying party" Russian Air Force: the old - a training aircraft still in Czechoslovakia L-39 Albatros is, and the Yak-130, which will replace the "Albatross". And taking into account civilian "board" in this list will be added to the AN-74, AN-140, AN-148, Yak-40 and Yak-42. Not so simple turned out to be in the field of aviation weapons: namely the Kyiv factory "Arsenal" manufactures infrared (thermal) homing (GOS) for Russian missiles melee class "air-air" P-73, which are full-time munition major Russian warplanes MiG-29, Su-27, MiG-31, Su-30, Su-34, Su-25 and others.

Equally critical situation of helicopter engines. In December 2014, Deputy Defense Minister Yuri Borisov in an interview with "Izvestiya" recognized that the supply of engines from Ukraine was one of the biggest challenges and to "get away from dependence, we had to accelerate to double or triple production engines." However, from the speech chairman of the Joint Engine Corporation (UEC), Chairman of the Board of Directors of OJSC "Russian Helicopters" and the first deputy general director of the state corporation "Rostec" Vladimir Artyakov indicated that any doubling or tripling was not close.

The United States was weighing plans to expand military-technical cooperation with Ukraine and to compensate part of the Ukrainian defense industry's losses following the curtailment of Ukrainian-Russian military-technical cooperation. Ukrainian-American military-technical cooperation was discussed in talks in Kiev between Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Regional Security and Security Assistance Georgy Kausner and representatives of Ukrainian profile organizations, Interfax learned 24 June 2014 from informed sources.

'The aid package proposed by the US includes Ukraine's broader military-technical cooperation with the United States and the European Union, as well as assistance and interaction in implementing Ukraine's military-technical cooperation projects on the markets of third countries,' a source told Interfax. 'Another option, mostly intended for the Ukrainian defense-industry sector, is the placement of Western repair orders with Ukrainian defense companies in compensation for the losses suffered after military-technical cooperation with Russia was curtailed,' the source said.

Russian Defense Ministry planned to substitute 95 percent of imports from Ukraine, Deputy Defense Minister Yuri Borisov said 24 June 2014. “The work is on schedule. The whole process of import substitution will carry on as planned, and by the end of the specified period, dependence on supplies from Ukraine will be decreased by 95 percent,” Borisov said during a visit to an aircraft factory in Russia’s Far East. Borisov noted that the schedule for import substitution has already been devised, the available stockpiles of components have been analyzed, and the ministry is preparing for the production of all the necessary components, led by a respective point person.

Against the background of Kiev’s ongoing special operation in the country’s east, the newly elected president of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko banned any cooperation in the military-industrial complex with Russia. Responding to the initiative, Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin stated, that Russia already has a plan on import substitution of military products from Ukraine and it will take some 2.5 years to completely withdraw from importing the Ukrainian defense products.

Ukraine’s Motor Sich is the main supplier of helicopter engines to Russia and is among the largest engine manufacturers for airplanes and helicopters worldwide. Up to 80 percent of Russian helicopters, particularly the Mil Mi-8 and Mi-24 series of transport and gunship helicopters, are powered by Ukrainian-built engines. Russia could manufacture replacement helicopter engines at a St. Petersburg plant if Ukraine’s aircraft engine maker Motor Sich leaves a joint project, the head of the Rosoboronexport delegation at the HeliRussia 2014 expo said 21 May 2014 . “Russia is fulfilling a program of import substitution, consisting of launching the production of helicopter engines at the Klimov OJSC in St. Petersburg,” Vladimir Kuzmichev said. Under the program, Russia will manufacture all the components and assemble the engines.

By late July 2014 the Russian arms industry had developed a plan to replace its Ukrainian suppliers, lost during the latest crisis, with companies in Belarus and Kazakhstan. The government plan suggested starting new defense enterprises in Russia and also attracting partners from Belarus and Kazakhstan. According to the former Ukrainian government plenipotentiary for relations with Russia, Valery Muntiyan, before the crisis about 400 Russian defense contractors used materials and components produced in Ukraine, and 70 percent of all companies supplying the Ukrainian defense industry are located in Russia.

Russia’s defense industry is capable of producing all parts and military hardware on its own, Russian President Vladimir Putin said 28 July 2014. “Some things are evident for all of us. First of all, we are absolutely capable of doing everything on our own. Absolutely everything,” Putin said at a meeting devoted to import substitution. “Our task is to insure ourselves against risks of non-compliance with contracts by our foreign partners,” the president added. “We need to ensure reliable and timely supply of required components and monitor their quality closely.”

Putin said that although he saw no particular risks for the Russian defense industry, “all difficulties should benefit us, because we should launch our own production where it did not exist before.”

Russian and Ukrainian defense sectors were deeply integrated following the collapse of the Soviet Union. However, Ukrainian National Security and Defense Council suspended military cooperation with Moscow after Crimea's reunification with Russia in March 2014.

Russia launched an import substitution program to replace foreign components used in the defense industry. The military equipment and arms import substitution plan was finalized December 2014 and will eliminate Russia's dependency on foreign-made defense products.

Russia cannot complete the construction of some naval ships as Ukraine suspended supplies of gas-turbine engines, Russian Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin said on 03 June 2015. "We cannot finish the construction of surface ships for the Russian Navy as supplies [of gas-turbine engines] have been stopped," Rogozin said. He said within the import substitution plan, Russia plans to launch the production on 186 items that were earlier produced in Ukraine, first of all gas-turbine engines.

"We are planning to complete this [import substitution] work before 2018," the top official noted. Admiral Grigorovich class frigates (Project 11356) and Admiral Gorshkov class frigates (Project 22350) use Ukrainian gas-turbine engines, in particular. Ukraine in May 2015 terminated a treaty on military cooperation with Russia.

Import Substitution - 2015

In early 2015, the question of how to solve the problem of replacement products "Motor Sich", Artjakov said that JSC "Klimov" started production of VK-2500 engines for helicopters "Mil" and "Kamov", but so far it is only the production of more "experimental Design." Which translated into ordinary language meaning: it is not mass production, but has artisanal assembly. That was confirmed by the following phrase Artyakov: "The challenge now is to increase serial production of engines from 50 in 2014 to 350 engines by 2017". With that in February 2014 the head of the corporation "Rostec" Sergey Chemezov has identified the need for helicopter engines from Ukraine to 250-270 units per year. Russian helicopters will require at least 5,000 of these engines by 2020.

Problems due to the termination of deliveries of Ukrainian components began almost immediately. Some of them at the hearing. So, in March 2014 the Kiev "Arsenal" has stopped deliveries of petroleum products in the Russian missile R-73 and the beginning of 2015 their supplies from the manufacturer, according to media reports, have been virtually exhausted. In March of 2015 it was thwarted planned launch from Plesetsk rocket "Rokot" with three companions "messenger-M" communication system "messenger." Formally launch canceled for "technical reasons", but then leaked to the media information that the problem arose because of the ban on the Ukrainian authorities to supply components for the "Breeze-KM" - booster rocket unit: this unit produces control systems Kharkov "Hartron". Moreover, since there is nothing to replace components Ukrainian, Russian general can abandon the "Rockot" rocket itself, although the missiles are relatively cheap and are considered reliable.

Problems due to any components of Ukrainian origin and the production of torpedoes. The plant "Dagdizel" (g.Kaspiysk. Republic of Dagestan), one of the leading manufacturers of torpedoes for submarines, even on the verge of bankruptcy because of the loss of co-operation with the Ukrainian industry. In February 2015, Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin, demanded that the management of the plant until the end of the year to eliminate the backlog in the supply of components for torpedoes, which arose precisely because of the rupture of relations with Ukraine. To order, of course, it is easy, but the notorious components, power control units (PCU), produces the NGO "Kiev factory automation to them. G.I.Petrovskogo ", and just like that, on the orders of, not a replacement. By the way, the task of replacing the Russian Ukrainian BPU set in the early 2000s, before the oldest domestic developers naval armaments CRI "Gidropribor" (now JSC "Concern" Sea underwater weapons - Gidropribor ").

"But now suddenly it became clear that the problem has not been solved. If you go to the site of the Kiev factory automation, we can see that he made a lot of things important to the Russian naval arms systems. For example, a complex control equipment K-10 "Flurry", apparently, for the eponymous "cavitating high-speed underwater missile." There you make the complex control equipment and instrumentation course for a number of torpedoes - anti-submarine, anti-ship and universal, autopilots for aircraft anti-missile servos (also torpedo).

But, perhaps the most "juicy" that Russia was totally dependent on Ukraine for ... titanium. All 100% of titanium ore Russia gets it from Ukraine! It is very strange: in Russia there are huge deposits of titanium, but as it turned out, they were not designed, and indeed, as reported by specialized sources and publications, "it is now fully exploited not own resource base of titanium raw materials in Russia. All existing objects raw FSU remained in the Ukraine. "

Deputy Defense Minister reported to the Supreme Commander, that "All-Russian Research Institute of radio stations not delivered eight radiovizirovaniya address and transfer control commands "Igla". It is predicted the failure of delivery in 2015, six more similar stations. " This is now "more than a year thwarted terms of development of the secondary locating system for aviation complex of radar surveillance and monitoring of the ROC" Premier ". This list of failures is not exhaustive. JSC "technodynamics" not delivered three multi-position device launchers for strategic bombers Tu-160, and the delivery of the other "six of the program in 2015 is in jeopardy."

Kirov Plant "Mayak" did not put 326 guided missiles "Whirlwind 1" (in the development since 1990, designed for anti-tank missile complex "Whirlwind", which was planned to equip the helicopters Ka-50 and Su-25TM. Now they must be equipped with helicopters Ka-52). "Made materiel, - Yuri Borisov stated - tests did not survive, the characteristics have not been confirmed. Dogonochnye graphics companies ripped off. " The situation is similar for the supply of the same missile "Whirlwind 1" concern "Kalashnikov". The first batch of missiles "Whirlwind 1" concern "Kalashnikov" was able to convey to the Ministry of Defence by October 2015.

The greatest negative impact on the Russian space had a ban on the sale of element-component base for space purposes that once greatly slowed the development of the Russian GLONASS system. And the problem here is not in the Ukrainian producers. The fact that the serial Russian satellites share of foreign electronic components (ECB) is in the range 25-75%, and in the most advanced spacecraft, such as the "Glonass-K", the share of imported parts and completely surpasses 90%! At the same time most of the components used in the satellite base - made in the USA or American development. But US exports of parts and components for systems of military and dual-regulated International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) - system of rules and regulations established by the US authorities in the field of exports of goods and services of a military nature. So, according to these rules ITAR, export to Russia of electronic components for use in military systems and space is possible with the permission of the US State Department. So the delivery of all components for the Russian space was prohibited.

As the general director of JSC "Russian Space Systems" Andrey Tyulin only just begun to develop long-term GLONASS satellite system, which is planned to be equipped with accessories exclusively domestic production. As Tyulin believes Russian industry under the power to create such a device for four to five years. In turn, the CEO of the holding company "Russian Electronics" Andrei Zverev assures that by 2019 80% of electronic components satellite payload will be produced domestically. However, one of the Space Policy Institute leaders Ivan Moiseev skeptically noted that "if the 4 years to take and replace 90% of foreign parts in the satellite" Glonass-K "on the domestic, we will, I fear, we get the satellite is not the next, and the previous generation."

New Russian Navy destroyers, originally intended to be equipped with Ukrainian gas turbine engines (GTE), will receive Russian-made engines exceeding the Ukrainian analogues, a United Shipbuilding Corporation spokesman told RIA Novosti on 08 June 2015.

"The first three patrol ships of the project 11356 and the first two ships of the project 22350 are already equipped with GTEs manufactured in Ukraine. Subsequent ships of both projects will be equipped with Russian-made power units with characteristics superior to Ukrainian GTEs," the spokesman said. He added that the modernization of existing Russian GTEs has begun and will be finished in late 2017 — early 2018.

The program of import substitution of military equipment from Ukraine will be more than 50% completed by the end of 2015, a Russian Defense Ministry spokesman told journalists on 31 July 2015. Two import substitution programs were being implemented in Russia’s defense industry - to replace equipment from Ukraine and NATO countries. "Both programs are being implemented. Talking about Ukraine, elements will be replaced by 53% by the end of the year, these are spare parts. If we are talking about equipment, then it will be around 67%," the spokesman said.

Stoppage of Ukrainian radio-electronic equipment delivery for Russia’s military products will not seriously affect the fulfilment of the state defense order, as Ukraine did not supply many of these items to Russia, Russian Deputy Defense Minister Yuri Borisov said on 24 September 2015. "The program for the substitution of Ukrainian products is in full swing now. As for the radio-electronic items, I think, it will be not very difficult [to substitute them], as it [Ukraine] was not supplying much to us in this sphere — mainly old products, developed in the 1980s," Borisov said at the 14th conference "Russian Radio-Electronics: New Challenges and Prospects."

Import Substitution - 2017

Russian President Vladimir Putin, during a 25 April 2017 visit to the NPO Saturn, launched the production of ship gas turbine engines. They are designed to replace previously purchased from Ukrainian enterprises. April 25 - RIA News. Russian President Vladimir Putin on Tuesday during a visit to the NPO Saturn, one of the leading enterprises of the United Engine Corporation (part of the Rostec state corporation), launched a large-scale import substitution project - the production of ship gas turbine engines in Russia, which are designed to replace power plants previously purchased from a Ukrainian company.

In the presence of the president, tests of the M-35R-1 gas turbine unit with the M-70FRU-2 engine for offshore programs were launched at the enterprise. Putin from the control room gave the command for the technical launch of the gas turbine unit. His tests are carried out in a unique assembly-testing complex built at the enterprise.

The head of state thanked the workers of the NPO Saturn, who noted that the president was present at a historic event for the Russian economy. Putin recalled that the roots of today's event are in 2014, "when some partners refused to supply to Russia." "Then we made a decision: we won’t do something so mean, but we will work out our own new products, our new solutions, our new machines, and we even went to the right to shift the re-equipment program of the Russian fleet to the right, waiting for your car "- Putin stressed.

For his part, Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin told reporters that what happened today at NPO Saturn is "not just the start of production of a new engine, it is the beginning of the new industry - gas turbine engine building."

"Until now, all ship gas turbine engines were assembled only in Ukraine, in Nikolaev. Today is actually the launch of a new industry - ship engine building," he said. The Deputy Prime Minister emphasized that the industry was created in record time - in fact, two and a half years from the moment the decision was made. “These will be the most diverse units, of different sizes, including for hovercraft,” added Rogozin. “We never did this. They (the Ukrainian side. - Ed.) Thought that they put us in a corner and we won’t be able to finish building the frigates, but we did,” said Dmitry Rogozin.

Import Substitution - 2019

Taganrog Aviation Scientific and Technical Complex named after. Beriev, producing Be-200, is remotoring from Ukrainian D-436 engines to SaM146 of Russian-French production. This was reported on 20 February 2018 by the head of the Bureau of Technical and Analytical Information of the enterprise Andrei Salnikov. "We envisage the remotorization of the SaM146 engine (...). The work has been going on for a long time, we do not have any problems with the engines, " RIA Novosti quoted his words. Salnikov noted that the choice of engines for the Be-200 depends on the customers.

On February 19, Deputy Minister of Industry of Russia Oleg Bocharov during a round table in the State Duma said that in connection with the ban of the Ukrainian authorities, the D-436 engines for civilian aircraft will no longer be delivered to Russia. Until now, the D-436 manufactured by the Zaporozhye Motor Sich enterprise was installed on An-148 aircraft assembled at the Voronezh Aircraft Building Plant, as well as on the Be-200 amphibious aircraft. SaM146 engines are manufactured by PowerJet, a joint venture of Russian NPO Saturn and French Snecma, for the Russian Sukhoi Superjet 100 passenger aircraft.

Russia has completely solved the issues of import substitution of Ukrainian components in the field of aviation and naval engine construction, said Deputy Prime Minister Yuri Borisov, TASS reported 24 May 2018. "I can say that there are no longer any dependencies on Ukrainian products. The situation with Western supplies is radically changing. We solved the problem with aircraft engines, VK-2500 replaced TV3-117 in army aviation. We solved the problem with the propulsion systems for the Navy, "he said during a lecture for students of the Academy of the General Staff.

As noted by the Deputy Prime Minister, the work on import substitution will be continued. Previously, Russian Industry and Trade Minister Denis Manturov said that the country will be able to completely replace the components that were previously supplied from Ukraine, until 2019.

Enterprises of state corporation "Rostekh" will completely replace in Ukrainian military hardware components of Ukraine by domestic ones by 2019. This was announced on 17 July 2018 at the Seventh International Youth Industrial Forum "Engineers of the Future - 2018" head of the state corporation Sergei Chemezov. Earlier, he noted that the full import substitution of Ukrainian products in the RF OPK is planned before the end of 2018. "In this direction, we are working and we are trying to completely replace foreign components with Russian ones, I think that in 2019 we will completely close the import substitution program in Ukraine, in NATO countries a little later, I think by 2020, probably," Chemezov said. He added that in the sphere of the military industry it is necessary to count on own production. "If you talk about military products, then you need to do everything yourself. You can not buy anything anywhere, regardless of any other suppliers," he said.

Import Substitution - 2019

United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC) for 99.5% completed work on the replacement of Ukrainian components. This was announced on the radio "Star" on 17 May 2019 by the head of the corporation Alexei Rakhmanov. "I think 99.5% of this work is completed, at least on gas-turbine units we were able to recreate two basic machines on the Saturn ... with a capacity of up to 20 thousand horsepower, and in this sense we closed the need for frigates under construction and, possibly, corvettes, guard ships from the point of view of energy, "said Rakhmanov, adding that such work was carried out on various pumping equipment, ventilation and air conditioning systems. According to the head of the USC, all the components found a replacement at Russian enterprises - in Chuvashia, in the center of Russia, in St. Petersburg, as well as in the south, including on the Crimean peninsula.