Project 648 Transport Submarine
In the early 1950's the Soviet Navy prepared a tactical and technical requirements [TTZ] for a special submarine - a minelayer that could carry at least 80 mines. Tactical-technical task aboard the ship was prepared practically in parallel with [TTZ] to [DEPL] of project 632, and it was affirmed [Glavkomom] Navy in May 1957. Initially, the tactical and technical requirements for designing this highly complex ship for the State Committee on Shipbuilding had been issued CDB-18 (Chief P. Pustyntsev). Y.E. Evgrafov was appointed Project chief designer. Designing the Project 632 (number of the new project) underwater mine layer was initiated in the first quarter of 1956, but soon work on it (at 33% completion of the project) was transferred to the CDB-16 (in 1974, groups of ex-CCB-16 and SCB-143 merged into a single, now SPMDB "Malachite").
Initially [DEPL] of project 648 was assigned as purely transport and was intended for supply [PL], which act on oceanic and sea communications of enemy, by torpedo and rocket (by cruise missiles) ammunition, by fuel, by lubricating oil, by the survival gears of personnel (by provisions, by fresh water, by the means of air recycling), and also for the supply of seaplanes in the sea by aviation fuel. By the chief designer of the project 648 V of bureau was assigned [N].[A]. Kiselev.
In March 1958, five options for conceptual design were submitted for consideration and approval by the Ministry and the General Directorate of shipbuilding (STMC) Navy. A month earlier, the conceptual design of the mine layer (project 632) submarine was approved. The proximity of problems to be solved by the first and second ships, precluded their simultaneous implementation. Three months later, July 10, 1958, preliminary design of 648 was approved, but in fact in his new capacity as Commander in Chief of the Navy has approved and the new diesel-electric submarines in the TTZ Project 648, which in connection with the closing of the project 632 on it pinned and functions of mine -layers.
Under the new TTZ, the appointment of a large submarine - Project 648 mine layer was supplying submarines operating in the ocean and sea communications of the enemy, cruise missiles, torpedoes, fuel, lubricants and livelihoods; supply of seaplanes in a sea of jet fuel, transportation of personnel and various goods to distant points of unsecured coastline, as well as setting mine fields on the communications of the enemy. Tactical-technical specifications of the newly defined transported goods, ammunition mines, torpedoes, and also to establish new values for the major shipbuilding and tactical and technical elements of the ship.
In September 1958 the technical project of the underwater mine layer 632 project was approved, but the formation of seven-year shipbuilding plan (approved by the Government of the Soviet Union on Dec. 3, 1958) instead of the plan included a new ship of similar purpose, but with more features - a large transport submarine with a diesel-electric power plants (as well as the submarine project 632), but with a silver-zinc batteries. The project was given the number 648. Tactical and technical requirements for the ship was being prepared almost in parallel to the TTZ at SSK Project 632 and was approved by the Commander of the Navy in May 1957. Originally DES Project 648 was set as a clean vehicle and intended to supply shock submarines operating in the ocean and sea lanes the enemy torpedo and missile (cruise missile), ammunition, fuel, lubricating oil, the means of life support personnel (groceries, fresh water, by means of regeneration air ), as well as to supply the seaplanes in the sea of jet fuel.
The composition of the transported loads, ammunition of mines, torpedoes was anew determined by tactical-technical task, and the new values of the basic ship-building and tactical-technical elements of ship also were established. In March 1959 engineering design was presented into Moscow. In the contractual specification to the submarine it was recorded, that the ship will fulfill all functions, laid on it BY [TTZ], with exception of servicing seaplanes in the sea. After prolonged examination on August 24 the project was affirmed by the joint resolution of the Navies and ministry of ship-building industry. With this bureau it was forced to in 1960 give out to the northern machine-building enterprise ([SMP]) all working drawings.
For the transport of weapon, different loads and landing in PK were provided for three cargo holds. The nose cargo hold, adjacent with the forward torpedo compartment, was intended for the transportation of the torpedoes of the caliber of 400 mm. in the following after it cargo hold they were placed landing force members (injured) or loads. The third cargo hold, situated between TsP and diesel section, was removed for the large-dimension loads (KR and the torpedoes of the caliber of 533 mm) it was equipped with the collapsible mechanized shelves. In the upper part of this section in PK was provided for the ledge. The inclined mine of rugged construction with the covers along the ends left through the transverse sorting in this region from the cargo hold into the superstructure. Through this mine as through the airlock, had to be produced loading (unloading) loads without the risk of flood [PL].
With the cargo mine was joined the turntable, with the aid of which the load from the inclined position was transferred into the horizontal and occurred at the level of the deck of superstructure [PL]. The overload of loads from the platform to combat [PL] and seaplanes it was provided for to produce with the aid of the regular crane of transport [PL], which in the position "in travelling order" fell into the superstructure [PL]. For the transportation of liquid loads in the [mezhdubortnom] space and in PK were provided special cisterns. The transfer of these loads with transport [PL] to combat [PL] had to be achieved in the underwater position. For finalizing of systems, devices and methods of this transfer of the loads within the framework of project 648 was executed the significant volume of experimental design works and full-scale tests.
In 1960, as the first stage of works on the underwater transfer of diesel fuel were carried out the tests on underwater towing [PL] of projects 611 and 613 (then these works they were continued with the development of design 664). Are produced the bench tests of the loading-and-unloading devices [PL] of project 648 and others At beginning of 1961 on [Sevmashpredpriyatii] began the building of boat. It went difficultly. Works manager attained the transfer of the building of transport -[minzaga] to another plant - in the airshed, where it was possible to build [minzag], the nuclear submarines of the first generation were built, and at the briefcase lay order for the building of a large series [PLARB] of the project of 667[A], to which the very great significance was given. And the supporters of its position both in [sudprome] of those days and in Hooke were located, especially as fleet already ordered by that time the development of analogous in the designation submarine, but by the now already equipped atomic power plant.
Naturally, [PL] with [AEU] considerably exceeded on its possibilities [PL] with diesel-electric [EU]. After estimating entire " [za]" and " [protiv]" , government by its decision dated June 21, 1961 ended the building of the submarine of project 648. It should be noted that for the purpose of an increase in the reticence and combat stability transport [PL], [TSKB]-16 was executed the study of arrangement on [PL] of the project of 648 two small [AEU] of the type O -153 with power of 6000 hp each instead of three groups AB (project of 648[M]).
In early 1961 Sevmaspredpriātii began construction of the boat. It went hard.. Plant Director sought to transfer transport building to another plant - in a shed, where they could build a mine layer, built missile submarines of the first generation, and the portfolio lying order to build a large series of SSBN Project 667A, which was attached great importance. And supporters of his position in the then sudprome and in GUKe found, the more that the navy has already ordered by the time development similar to appoint a submarine, but now equipped with a nuclear power plant. Naturally, the submarine with an atomic power plant is much superior in its capabilities submarines with diesel-electric power plants. Assessing the pros and cons, the Government of its decision of 21 June 1961 to stop construction of the submarine project 648.
It should be noted that in order to enhance the sustainability of the transport and battle SQUARE, CDB-16 study was performed on PL project 648 two small AČU type o-153 w 6000 HP each instead of three groups AB (draft 648 M ). Study showed the feasibility of equipping AČU PL project 648 and increase the continuous underwater ship cruising on the move with 550 miles under AB-20 000 miles when you use AČU. Executed work never, however, further work in the transport AREA have not ceased. They have continued to develop draft 664 - Atomic transport PL-PMZ.
| Displacement surface-displacement | m 3. 6300
|
| Length, OA, | m . 102.2
|
| Beam | m. 13.5
|
| Draught medium, | m. 8.8
|
| Architectural and constructive type | hull
|
| Immersion depth, | m. 300
|
| Endurance, | days. 80
|
| Passengers. | 77
|
| Power plant: |
|
| type | diesel-electric
type d-DD 43
number x DD, HP 2 x 4000 (3200 in PRD)
number of x-power GAD, HP 2 x 4 000
number x power GAD economic progress, HP 2 x 140 (on the line shaft)
|
| number of shafts | 2
|
| type AB | Silver-zinc 120 SC
|
| the number of groups AB x number of items in a group | 4 x 152
|
| Speed ties: |
full surface 14.0
full underwater 12.5
economic underwater 2.5
PRD 8.0 10.0
|
| Range, miles | (speed, km):
-PRD 12000 (8.0)
-underwater 25 (12.0) or 550 (2.5)
|
| Armament: |
|
| torpedo: |
the number of x-bow IS mm caliber. 4 x 533
x-the number ONE mm calibre fodder. 4 x 400
total number of x-calibre torpedoes, mm. 4 x 533 and 18 x 400
|
| mine: |
-the number and location devices 2
horizontal solid mined tubes aft PL
spare mines on racks in PC
total number of mines in MT and on racks in PC 84-98
|
| | AIDS to navigation, surveillance and communications unified composition with torpedo PL
|
| Transported goods: landing |
torpedo klb. 533 mm units. 40
or
cruise missiles type p-p-5 and 6, items. 10
or
the assault with a weapon, pers. 120
injuries to staff person. 120
|
| goods taken in each version of the download AREA: |
torpedo klb. 400 mm units. 20
diesel, t. 490
Jet fuel, t. 500
lubricating oil, t. 50
operating income, t. 35
fresh water, t. 60
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