Nouri Kamil al-Maliki

Nuri Kamel Mohammed Hassan Al-Maliki, a leading Shi'ite politician, was born in the village of Jenaja close to al-Hilla in Karbala province [his official biography states the Toirage district of Babil] in 1950, from a family with a high profile in the Arab tribe of Bani Malik. Maliki is the grandson of Mohamed Hassan Aboul-Mahasen al-Maliki, a well-known poet and activist in the 1920 revolt against the British mandate, and later a government Minister Education from 1923-1924.

Maliki is married with four girls and one boy. Maliki holds a Bachelor's degree from the Faculty of theology in Baghdad, an MA in Arabic from the University of Salahaddin in Sulaymaniyah, and a master's degree in English from the University in Erbil. Maliki was formerly employed at the Ministry of Education.

The US Government reported he had been a member of Al-Da'wah Party since 1968, though his official biography reports that Maliki joined the Islamic Dawa party in 1970. The Islamic Dawa party fought a bitter struggle with the dictatorship and was subjected to arrest and stalking. According to his official biography Maliki left Iraq in 1979 after the death sentence against him. The US Government reports Maliki left Iraq in 1980 after Saddam Hussein banned Al-Da'wah Party and was later sentenced to death in absentia. Maliki stayed in Syria until 1982, and then went to Iran where he acted against the Iraqi regime. Maliki moved to Syria after he refused to cooperate with the Iranian intelligence against the Iraqi Army during the Iran-Iraq War. After he returned to Syria he became a member of the party leadership, responsible for internal organizations throughout its life in exile which piece on several occasions to inspect activities and party formations inside Iraq.

Head of the Jihadist Current within Al-Da'wah Party, he was head of the Al-Da'wah Party's offices in Syria and Lebanon. Maliki oversaw daily positions which were issued in Damascus. Maliki was an active member of all Iraqi opposition conferences held in northern Iraq and beyond, with interventions and views and presentations made at the correct path of the opposition political forces in various political and intellectual trends and which has a close relationship with them, a relationship strengthened as most certificates alrmozalsiasih frankness and clarity and its tendency to accurate diagnosis boldness in subtraction.

Maliki returned home after the fall of Saddam in 2003, after a quarter of a century-long migration. Took up a number of positions after the fall of the regime: head of the Defense Committee at the Iraqi National Assembly; spokesman for the Iraqi Unified Coalition; member of the Sovereignty Committee at the National Assembly; Deputy Chair of High-Commission for De-Ba'athfication. Nuri al-Maliki was an alternate member of the Governing Council, Vice Chairman of the national interim, and contributed to the founding of the United Iraqi Alliance block and was spokesperson and designating responsibility for security and Defence Committee of the National Assembly, and participated actively in the Iraqi constitutional drafting Committee.

Nouri Kamil al-Maliki was elected to the formation of the first permanent Iraqi Government elected in 2006 after its national consensus to form a national unity Government Received broad popular and political blocs annexation to various, kmahazit Government of Prime Minister Nouri Kamil al-Maliki support Arab, regional and international is unprecedented in the history of the Iraqi Government.

Based on Islamic culture and religious origin and its respect for the opposite opinion based on providing argument and humility and its tendency to tolerance, dialogue, Prime Minister Nouri Kamil al-Maliki announced an ambitious political program whereby initiative national reconciliation and dialogue which contributed to broader participation in resolution through its openness to different powers and political currents, including opposition to the political process from working at home and abroad leading to isolate terrorist groups and satisfaction and expose their objectives seeking to lead the people of Iraq to sectarian strife.

Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki brought together the various political forces clan and of civil society organizations in the national reconciliation conference in Baghdad and a number of governorates, simultaneously launched a reconstruction and building campaigns and volunteered for the armed forces of tense areas encouraged to engage in State agencies to take advantage of a climate of forgiveness and reconciliation and rebuilding the infrastructure of the State.

Internationally, the Prime Minister through speeches and visits a message of peace and cooperation to the countries of the world, including countries that have become its border with Iraq to points of tension and Iraq wars wasted wealth fields and Arabs and Muslims by policies of the former regime, and gained during his visits to support and sustain the initiative of national reconciliation, and the desire of the new Iraq in closure and establish relationships based on mutual respect and non-interference in internal affairs. And at the level of State institutions, the Prime Minister on Iraqi skills in building national institutions such as military and security accelerated steps taking security tasks in the governorates of Iraq one after another.

Former chief editor of Al-Mawqif newspaper, the mouthpiece of Al-Da'wah Party, Maliki was a member of the political bureau of Al-Da'wah Party. He was said to enjoy good relations with most former Iraqi opposition parties, and was said to represent the Arab identity of Al-Da'wah Party.

Iraq held parliamentary elections in April 2014, in which Maliki’s “State of Law” coalition won an unexpected majority of seats. On July 24, the new parliament selected Fuad Masoum, a Kurd, to serve as Iraq’s new president. Iraq’s constitution gives the president two weeks to select a prime minister, who must come from parliament’s largest bloc.

Maliki was confident he would serve a third term. But since his last appointment, he had fallen out of political favor, blamed for Iraq’s sectarian divide, rampant corruption and the threat of Islamic militants who have seized the north. Masoum extended the deadline twice, and an angry Maliki took to the airwaves and threatened to take Masoum to court. The following day, August 11, Masoum named Abadi premier.

The perceived errors of the government included: inability to fill vacant cabinet positions; poor relations with neighboring states; lack of "strategic vision;" failure to explain policies to the Iraqi people or take popular attitudes into account when formulating such policies; mismanagement of the "Awakening" movement which allowed the Coalition to engage in "unequal treatment" by mobilizing thousands of Sunnis in Anbar - "the home of terrorism" - while at the same time attacking Sadr City; and marginalization of Sunnis and exclusion of "real groups with a real popular base" through the Group of Four alignment, a grouping that does not reflect the will of the Iraqi people and does not enjoy public backing.

On 16 August 2015 an Iraqi parliamentary panel found former prime minister Nuri al-Maliki and 35 security and political officials responsible for the fall of the northern city of Mosul to Islamic State. The case would be handed over to prosecutors.

On October 28, 2015 al-Maliki said his parliamentary bloc of 60 lawmakers was withdrawing support from his rival and successor, current Prime Minister Haidar al-Abadi, and Abadi's program to reform Iraq's bureaucracy, in an attempt to derail Abadi's political reform program and possibly unseat him as well.

Johns Hopkins University professor Ruth Wedgwood said in March 2013 that “Maliki, I think, has always been under the sway of the Mullahs in Iran,” she says. “He has made no secret of that. And he has more or less gotten away with it.” Especially with the departure of U.S. troops from Iraq. “I think when we withdrew so completely, albeit leaving behind this carapace of an empty embassy behind, it really was taken by Maliki as a kind of “do as you wish signal,” Wedgwood said.

Ryan Crocker, a former U.S. ambassador to Iraq in the George W. Bush administration, said in February 2016. “ISIS had taken root in Iraq by exploiting the failure of governance and alienation of the Sunni population, largely as a consequence of former Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki’s sectarian policies”.