A.D. 1245 - First Council of Lyons
The thirteenth ecumenical council, held at Lyons in France in 1245, under pope Innocent IV., and composed of about 140 bishops, excommunicated the German emperor Frederic II., " who was deposed by the pope in the presence of the council, and decreed a general crusade for the recovery of the Holy Land. The French do not recognize this as one of the ecumenical councils, and Frederic's advocate appealed to a more general council; but the pontiff maintained that it was general enough, and it is accordingly so classed.
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