Czech Kingdom Timeline
Historical summary in dates
Origins of the Czech State
550 AD. the first Slavic tribes arrive to Czech bassin from the North-East (north Baltic coast);
600-50 AD second wave of Slaves arrives from South-East - along Danube river
623 AD Prince SAMO's Empire founded;
631 AD in the battle of Wogatisburg Prince (king) SAMO defeats the Franc king DAGOBERT;
805 AD Charles "The Great" enforces a payment of a tribute by Czech tribes;
Mojmír dynasty of the Great Moravia Empire
820 AD the "Great Moravia Empire" created by Prince (king) MOJMÍR (died 846);
846-70 AD ROSTISLAV appointed Prince by LUDVÍK (the German) ruler of the East Franc Empire;
870-94 AD rule of Prince SVATOPLUK of the Great Moravia Empire;
880 AD BORIVOJ I. the Czech Prince of Premyslid family and his wife were baptized by METHODIUS in the Great Moravia becoming thus the first ever Christian ruler of Czechs;
863 AD arrival of preachers and teachers CONSTANTIN and METHODIUS from Constantinople;
Premyslid dynasty
870 Prague Castle founded;
872-889 AD BORIVOJ I. of the Premyslid family becomes the first ever Prince and ruler of Czechs;
895 AD during his rule the Czechs seceded from the Great Moravian Empire;
894-915 AD rule of Prince SPYTIHNEV I. - son of BORIVOJ - Prague becomes the Capital City of Bohemia (Czech hereditary land);
915-921 AD rule of Prince VRATISLAV I.
926 first Christian church of St. Vitus in roman style (rotunde) founded in Prague Castle;
Czech Statehood
921-935 VÁCLAV son of VRATISLAV I. becomes Czech Prince;
28.09.935 assassination of Prince VÁCLAV in Stará Boleslav marks creation of the Czech Statehood - Czech State has been established;
935-972 after assassinating his brother VÁCLAV, Prince BOLESLAV I. unites the Czech tribes by force and founds strong Czech State;
973 Episcopate of Prague established - first bishop DETMAR (the Saxon);
982 VOJTECH (later halowed) of SLAVNIKOVCI family named second bishop of Prague;
28.09.995 after conquest of Libice nad Cidlinou all members of SLAVNIKOVCI family were assassinated and Premyslid family unites the Czech State by force;
972-999 rule of Prince BOLESLAV II., the son of BOLESLAV I.;
999-1002 rule of Prince BOLESLAV III. the son of BOLESLAV II.;
1002-03 during the rule of Prince VLADIVOJ of Piastov (Polish) family the Czech State becomes part of the Holy Roman Empire;
1003 Prince BOLESLAV the Brave of Piastov (Polish) family;
1003-12 rule of Prince JAROMÍR of Premyslid family;
1012-33 rule of Prince OLDRICH of Premyslid family;
1033-34 Prince JAROMÍR rules for the second time;
1934 Prince OLDRICH rules for the second time;
1034-55 rule of Prince BRETISLAV I.;
1055-61 rule of Prince SPYTIHNEV II.
formation of the Czech Kingdom
1061-92 rule of Prince and later Czech King VRATISLAV II.;
1985 Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV. appoints VRATISLAV II. the first ever Czech King;
1086 VRATISLAV II. crowned in Prague Castle ;
1092 rule of Prince KONRÁD I. of Brno (margrave of Moravia);
1092-1100 rule of Prince BRETISLAV II.;
1100-07 rule of Prince BORIVOJ II.;
1107-09 rule of Prince SVATOPLUK of Olomouc (margrave of Moravia);
1109-17 rule of Prince VLADISLAV I.;
1117-20 second term of Prince BORIVOJ II.;
1120-25 second term of Prince VLADISLAV I.;
1125-40 rule of Prince SOBESLAV I.;
1140-72 rule of Prince and later Czech King VLADISLAV II.;
11.01.1158 VLADISLAV II. crowned in Regensburg as the 2 nd Czech King;
1160-72 first stone bridge named "Judith bridge" constructed on river Vltava in Prague;
1172-73 BEDRICH son of VLADISLAV II. becomes Czech Prince;
1173-78 SOBESLAV II. named Czech Prince;
1178-89 BEDRICH son of VLADISLAV II. becomes Czech Prince for the second time;
1189-91 KONRÁD II., Ota becomes Czech Prince;
1191-92 VÁCLAV II., Czech Prince;
1192-93 PREMYSL OTAKAR I., Czech Prince;
1193-97 JINDRICH BRETISLAV, Czech Prince;
1197 VLADISLAV JINDRICH, Czech Prince;
1197-98 PREMYSL OTAKAR I., Czech Prince for the second time;
1198-1230 PREMYSL OTAKAR I. , becomes the 3 rd Czech King ;
Golden Bulla of Sicily
1212 by the GOLDEN BULLA OF SICILY the Holy Roman king FRIDRICH II. grants to Czech King PREMYSL OTAKAR I. the hereditary Czech royal title;
1228-53 VÁCLAV I. becomes the 4 th Czech King ;
1230 Prague Old Town founded;
1253-78 PREMYSL OTAKAR II. becomes the 5 th Czech King - " King of Iron and Gold" ;
1257 Prague Lesser Quarter founded (beneath the Prague Castle);
Battle on Moravian field and the first Hapsburg accession to the Czech throne
26.08.1278 PREMYSL OTAKAR II. killed in the battle against RUDOLF I. of Hapsburg family;
1278-1305 VÁCLAV II. becomes the 6 th Czech King;
1305-06 VÁCLAV III. becomes the 7 th Czech King ;
04.08.1306 after assassination of VÁCLAV III. in Olomouc, the Premyslid family has no more male royal descendants;
1306 JINDRICH KORUTANSKÝ becomes the 8 th Czech King followed by;
1306 RUDOLF I. of Hapsburg family who becomes the 9 th Czech King ;
1307-10 JINDRICH KORUTANSKÝ, Czech King for the second time;
Luxembourg dynasty
1310-45 JAN (JEAN) of LUXEMBOURG family becomes the 10 th Czech King ;
1320 City of Hradcany founded (next to the Prague Castle);
1338 Old Town Hall established - the City's importance increases;
Golden era of the Czech Kingdom
30.04.1344 Episcopate of Prague promoted to Archbishopric, ARNOST of PARDUBICE named the first archbishop of Prague;
21.11.1344 foundation stone to St. Vitus, St. Václav and St. Vojtech cathedral laid in Prague Castle;
11.07.1346 KAREL IV. son of JAN of LUXEMBOURG family and ELISKA of the Premyslid family elected King of the Holy Roman Empire at Rhens on Rhine;
26.08.1346 KAREL IV. (CHARLES) said "Father of the Country" becomes the 11 th Czech King ;
26.11.1346 crowned Roman King in Bonn;
26.01.1347 Bulla of Avignon by pope KLEMENT II. establishes CHARLES UNIVERSITY in Prague the oldest european University north from Alps;
02.09.1347 crowned Czech King in Prague;
08.03.1348 KAREL IV. establishes New Town of Prague - orders ponds, vineyards, hop-fields, handicraft works, breweries to be build and promotes foundation and development of new Towns and Cities all around the Kingdom;
10.06.1348 foundation stone laid to KARLSTEJN CASTLE (National treasury fortress);
05.04.1355 KAREL IV. crowned in Rome the Holy Roman Emperor ;
PRAHA becomes the Capital City of the Holy Roman Empire which stretches from the Baltic sea in the North to the Adriatic sea in the South, from Luxembourg in the West far to the East;
1356 GOLDEN BULLA by CHARLES IV. becomes the first Code of Laws of the Czech Kingdom ever;
1357-1400 the new stone (Charles) bridge on Vltava river in Prague constructed;
29.11.1378 CHARLES IV. dies of bronchopneumonia.
Beginning of decline
15.06.1363 VÁCLAV IV. first born son of CHARLES IV. crowned the 12 th Czech King ;
1378-1400 VÁCLAV IV. becomes the Holy Roman Emperor;
1391 Betlehem Chappel founded in the Old City of Prague;
1402 Jan HUS becomes priest of Betlehem Chappel;
1402-1403 VÁCLAV IV. jailed by his younger brother ZIKMUND (SIGISMOND) of LUXEMBOURG family in Vienna;
1409 by Decree of Kutná Hora VÁCLAV IV. gives upper hand at Charles University to Czechs;
1409-1415 reformation quests towards the Catolic Church;
06.07.1415 despite being granted Lessez-Passer for a free passage to Constance by the Emperor ZIKMUND of Luxembourg, JAN HUS - Chancellor of the Charles University is during the Council convicted of heresy and burnt to death- his ashes thrown into the river Rhine - he hence becomes a martyr;
30.07.1419 first defenestration of Prague - a mob of Hussites lead by radical Hussite priest Jan ZELIVSKÝ pushes 7 Prague City Counsellors out of the windows of the New Town Hall;
Hussite wars
1420 1 st crusade against "heretic" Czech Hussites called by pope MARTIN V. on ZIKMUND's request - launched in Vratislav (Wroclaw);
Feb. 1420 City of Tábor founded by Hussites;
25.04.1420 batte by Sudomer -o Hussite military leader Jan ZIZKA wins over the royal knights units 5 times superior to his own troops;
14.07.1420 battle on the Vítkov hill in Prague sees decisive victory of Hussites;
02.11.1420 huge military defeat inflicted to ZIKMUND's crusaders in the battle at the Vysehrad fortress in Prague by Hussites;
28.07.1420 ZIKMUND (SIGISMOND) of Luxembourg family, the second son of Emperor KAREL IV. crowned as 13 th Czech King at Prague;
Jun. 1421 Czech Congress takes place in the City of Cáslav - adopts 4 Prague articules on religious freedoms - Communion in both kinds, Freedom of sermon, Divestiture of the Catolic Church; General punishment of all without diference for Capital offences;
01.11.1421 Hussites take control of majority of Czech Royal and other bigger Cities in the Kingdom;
08.01.1422 2 nd crusade crushed by Hussite troops by the Royal City of Kutná Hora (Mining Hill) ;
09.03.1422 priest Jan ZELIVSKÝ executed;
07.06.1424 battle by Malesov by Kutná Hora the bloodiest of Hussite wars;
24.10.1424 ZIZKA dies in field by the City of Pribyslav - as top military Hussite Commnader succeeded by Prokop HOLÝ;
16.06.1426 3 rd crusade crushed by so called Zizka "Orphans" lead by Prokop HOLÝ (said the Great) in the battle by the Royal City of Ústí nad Labem ;
14.08.1427 4 th crusade crushed by the Royal City of Tachov ;
1427-1431 consolidated military force of Hussites rules Central Europe with sorties to neighbouring Countries - so called "graceful rides".
14.08.1431 5 th crusade ends by the Royal City of Domazlice without even started with crusaders fleeing the battlefield only after hearing the Hussite military chorale ;
1433 military sortie by "Orphans" to the Baltics;
31.05.1434 Czechs (nobility) against Czechs (Hussites) in the fratricidal battle of Lipany marks the beginning of the end of Hussite movement ;
1436-1437 ZIKMUND of Luxembourg family accepted by the Czech nobility as the Czech King;
1437-1439 ALBRECHT II. of Hapsburg family voted for 14 th Czech King ;
Interregnum 1439-53
20.06.1440 Congress of Czech nobility at Prague elects ALBRECHT, Duke of Bavaria for Czech king, but he declines to take the offer;
1440-57 rule of LADISLAV Pohrobek (posthumous son) of Hapsburg family the 15 th Czech King ;
1448 Czech noble Jirí z PODEBRAD takes the Country Administration Office;
1457-71 rule of Jirí z PODEBRAD elected by the Czech nobility the 16 th Czech King ;
Jagellon (Polish) dynasty
27.05.1471 VLADISLAV II. of the Jagellon (Polish) family elected the 17 th Czech King ;
1516-26 rule of LUDVÍK son of VLADISLAV II. of the Jagellon family as 18 th Czech King ;
Hapsburg dynasty
1526-64 rule of FERDINAND I., the 19 th Czech King;
1546-71 rule of MAXMILIÁN II., the 20 th Czech King;
1571-1612 rule of RUDOLF II., the 21 st Czech King - Prague, the Imperial Capital City -o blooms with fine arts and science, becomes society and cultural centre of the then Europe hosting renowed personalities as Jan KEPLER or Tycho DE BRAHE and others;
1612-19 rule of MATYÁS, the 22 nd Czech King;
Era of darkness - 30 year war begins
23.05.1618 the second Prague defenestration - 2 royal viceregents SLAVATA and BORITA thrown out of the windows of Prague Castle - marks Czech nobility uprising against Hapsburgs;
1619 FERDINAND II. becomes 23 rd Czech King but Czech nobility does not recognize him;
1619-20 FRIDRICH of Pfalz (German) elected as truce 24 th Czech King - flees after the battle;
08.11.1620 bloody battle on the Bílá Hora (White Hill) near Prague brings 20.000 of faithful Czechs against 28.000 foreign mercenaries and marks the beginning of next 298 years of Czech subjugation to foreign rule, harsh religious counter-reformation and germanisation efforts;
1621-37 FERDINAND II. of Hapsburg family takes his cruel revenge;
21.06.1621 27 members of Czech nobles and knights executed at Old Town Square of Prague - the huge properties of the Czech nobility given to foreign noble mercenaries as reward;
1621-30 strict re-catolisation enforced which leads to 300.000 Czech Protestants fleeing the Country - amongst them JAN AMOS COMENIUS (said the Teacher of Nations);
1637-57 rule of FERDINAND III., the 25 th Czech King;
1657-1705 rule of LEOPOLD I., the 26 th Czech King;
1705-11 rule of JOSEF I., the 27 th Czech King;
1711-40 rule of KAREL VI., the 28 th Czech King;
1741-43 rule of truce 29 th Czech King KAREL VII. the Bavarian (German);
1743-80 rule of MARIA THERESA, the 30 th Czech ruler and first ever Queen;
Enlightment - Hapsburg-Lorrain dynasty
1780-90 JOSEF II. the first born son of MARIA THERESA becomes the 31 st Czech King -;
1784 so far four independent quarters (Hradcany, Lesser Quarter, Old Town and New Town) of the Royal City of Prague merge - beginning of industrial revolution, Czech institutions emerge - era of renaissance of the Czech nation (until 1848);
1790-92 rule of LEOPOLD II., the 32 nd Czech King;
1792-1835 rule of FRANTISEK I., the 33 rd Czech King;
1804-67 Austrian Empire succeeds Austrian Monarchy ;
1835-48 rule of FERDINAND V., the 34 th Czech King
Jun 2.-12. All-Slavonic Congress held in Prague;
12.06.1848 general uprising against absolutist monarchy - requests for right of assembly, freedom of press, elected local administration, independence of judiciary (jury), abolition of land bondage, complete religious freedoms, creation of national guards and limitation of military service to 4 years - ends in bloodshed - gen. Windishgratz bombards Prague by heavy artillery;
21.12.1867 Austro-Hungarian Empire created giving Hungarian political representation extensive autonomy, but omitting Czech ambitions to the same;
1871 religious freedoms granted, abolition of censorship and serfdom, establishment of land register, tax system, reform of Penal Code, many convents converted into hospitals and schools, reform of education system, official hours in administration introduced;
Reformation and absolutism - second Era of darkness for Czech nation
1848-1916 rule of FRANTISEK JOSEF I., the 35 th Czech King;
1848-59 conservative absolutism by Minister of interior Alexander von BACH
1881 the National Theatre opened in Prague
World War I.
28.07.1914 the Great War erupts (the World War I.) with Austro-Hungary declaring war on Serbia;
1916-18 KAREL I. becomes the last 36 th Czech King;
1914-19 Czechoslovak legion in France amounts to 9.600 legionnaires;
02.02.1916 Czechoslovak defectors from Austro-Hungarian army form Czech Company in Russia - legion;
02.07.1917 battle by Czechoslovak legion at Zborov;
1917-18 Czechoslovak volunteers amounting to 20.000 form Czechoslovak Army Corps in Italy;
Mar. 1918 61.000 Czechoslovak legion troops moved through Siberia by rail and sea to France;
Independent Czechoslovakia
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