• Military Menu                       

• Introduction
• Systems
• Facilities
• Agencies
• Industry
• Operations
• Countries
• Hot Documents
• News
• Reports
• Policy
• Budget
• Congress
• Links

• WMD
• Intelligence
• Homeland Security
• Space

Kingdom of Egypt - 1917-1952

Egypt entered the 20th Century, suffering under the yoke of British colonialist rule that plundered its resources. Popular resistance and national movements soon escalated under the nationalist leaders: Mostafa Kamel, Muhammad Fareed and Sa’ad Zaghloul, leading the 1919 Revolution calling for independence. The British occupation of Egypt came to an end and the country was declared as an independent state in 1922. The first Egyptian Constitution was issued in 1923. Later, there ensued a period of economic revival led by the great nationalist economist Tala’at Harb, leading to the establishment of an industrial, productive and services base in all sectors of the economy.

King Fouad I, Son of Khedive Ismail

He ruled Egypt from October 9, 1917 as a Sultan and then as king until he died on April 28, 1936. He was born in 1868 and was the younger brother of Sultan Hussein. Britain made him Sultan Hussein’s successor. During his reign the 1919 Revolution erupted under the leadership of Saeed Zaghloul. Consequently, years later and according to February 28, 1922 declaration, Britain had to declare Egypt an independent sovereign state with some reservations. Thus in 1922, Sultan Fouad declared himself the King of Egypt, issued the constitution in April of the same year, and inaugurated the new parliament in April 1924. In his reign, the first national cabinet, headed by Saeed Zaghloul, was formed.

King Farouk I, Fouad’s Son

He was born in 1921. When King Fouad, his father died, Farouk was still under age, and accordingly a regency council was formed of Prince Mohammad Ali, Aziz Ezzat Pasha and Sherif Sabry Pasha to run the scene until his constitutional powers were completely handed over to him on July 29, 1937. During his reign, Egypt was in a state of incomplete independence and suffered from chaos and corruption. On July 23, 1952, the Revolution erupted and King Farouk was forced to abdicate the throne to his son Ahmed Fouad II who was a child then. The abdication document was signed in Ras El Teen Palace on July 26, 1952, and Farouk left Egypt to Italy where he died in 1965 and was buried in Egypt in El Refai mosque.

King Ahmed Fouad, Son of king Farouk

He was born in Cairo in January 16, 1952 and ruled nominally from July 26, 1952 until the declaration of the Republic. His father King Farouk abdicated the throne to him, under the pressure of the revolution, on July 26, 1952. A regency council, however, was formed of Prince Mohammad Abd El-Moneim, Bahei El Din Barakat Pasha and Lieutenant Rashad Mohanna until the Republic was declared on June 18, 1953.