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DISCUSSION: If risk management is to become a tool to address the root causes (readiness shortcomings) of accidents, then it must become a routine part of our everyday business. It must assist commanders and leaders in not only identifying what the next accident is going to be, but it must also help identify who will have the next accident. This can be accomplished with a thorough understanding of risk management and the following integration requirements:

• Institutionalizing risk management training.

• Integrating protection (safety) into commander's METL training assessment.

• Making awareness of wartime and peacetime accidents a condition of training.

• Instituting protection (safety) performance indicators.

• Integrating protection (safety) assessment into after-action reviews and lessons learned.

We've already seen how risk management has become a part of our CAPSTONE doctrine in previous sections. Figure 4 , modified from FM 25-100, Training the Force, and FM 25-101, Battle-Focused Training, shows how risk management can be integrated into our training and training doctrine. This directly addresses the integration of protection (safety) into the commander's METL training assessment and assists greatly with the institutionalization of risk management training. Ways of accomplishing the protection (safety) requirements in the training management cycle will be addressed in the next section.

Risk management training is being integrated into all Professional Military Education (PME) in the U. S. Army. The U. S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) has made significant progress in accomplishing this monumental task. The following is a brief synopsis of the current training status:

• The Non-Commissioned Officer Education System: Risk assessment/management (RA/M) is taught as a stand-alone or fully integrated subject at PLDC through CSMC.

• The Warrant Officer Education System: RA/M is scheduled for immediate implementation at all WOCS, WOBC, WOAC, and WOSC. Standardized training packages are under development.

• Precommissioning (MQS 1) and Officer Basic and Advanced Courses (MQS 2): RA/M is taught as a stand-alone or fully integrated subject for all Pre-Commissioning, Officer Basic, and Advanced Courses.

• CAS3 (Command and Staff Service School): CAS3 has been incorporating RA/M into its curriculum in increments since August 1993.

• CGSC (The Command and General Staff College): CGSC began full and complete implementation of RA/M into its curriculum at the beginning of instruction for class 93/94.

• PCC (Pre-Command Course): Both the Fort Leavenworth and branch phases of PCC include RA/M training.

• The Army War College: Integration of risk management into the curriculum has been completed.

LESSON(S): The Army's senior leadership is taking protection seriously; unit commanders, leaders, and soldiers should also.

How can we fix it?

What can I do now in my unit?