Military

Further Reading

T-72/T-72M1

Speed: 80km/h Crew: 3

Weaponry: 125mm gun (range 2000 m)/7.62mm MG (1000m)/12.7mm AA MG

(1500m GND/1000mAir)

Ammo: heat-FS/HE-FRAG/APFSDS-T

Rate of fire: 8rds/min

Remarks: NBC system/infrared/laser range finder. T-72M1 has

passive night vision.

T-54/55

Speed: 50km/h Crew: 4

Weaponry: 100mm gun (range 1500 m)/7.62mm MG (1000m)/12.7mm AA MG

(1500m Gnd/1000m air)

Ammo: HE-FRAG/HAT/HVAP-T/APC-T/AP-T

Rate of fire: 5-7 rds/min

Remarks: Telescopic sight/night vision.

T-62

Speed: 50 km/h Crew: 4

Arm: 115mm gun (range 1600m)/7.62mm MG (1000M)/12.7mm AA MG (1500

m gnd/1000 m air)

Ammo: HE FRAG/HEAT-FS/APFSDS

Remarks: Telescopic sight/night vision/NBC system.

Type 59-11

Speed: 50km/h Crew: 4

Weaponry: 105 gun (range 1800 m)/7.62mm MG (1000 m)/12.7mm AA MG

(1500 m gnd/1000 m air)

Ammo: Heat/HE/APHE/APFSDS

Remarks: might vision/laser range-finder telescopic sight.

Type 69-11

Speed: 50 km/h Crew: 4

Weaponry: 100mm gun (range 1500 m)/7.62mm MG (1000 m)/12.7mm AA

MG (1500 m gnd/1000 m air)

Ammo: Heat/HE/APHE/HVAPDS

Remarks: Infrared/laser range finder/NBC system.

Chieftain

Speed: 48 km/h Crew: 4

Weaponry: 120mm gun (range: moving target 2000 m, stationary

3000m)/7.62mm MG

Ammo: HE, ARMOR, SMOKE & WP

Rate of fire 6-10 rds/min

Remarks: Smoke dischargers/laser range finder.

BMP-1

Speed: 80 km/h Crew: 3

Weaponry: 73mm gun/7-62mm MG/SAGGER ATGN

Remarks: Capable of carrying 8 infantry/republican guard mech

units.

BMP-2

Speed: 65 km/h Crew: 3 plus 7 Infantry

Weaponry: 30 mm cannon/7-62mm MG/SPI-GOT ATGM

Remarks: NBC system/infrared.

Scorpion

Speed:80.5 km/h Crew: 3

Weaponry: 76mm gun/7062mm MG

Remarks: Recon bn.

BRDM-2

Speed: 100 km/h Crew: 4

Weaponry: 7.62mm & 14.5mm MGs/or 3 Sagger ATGMs/or SA-9

Remarks: Recon scout vehicle/NBC system.

CASCAVEL

Speed: 100 km/h Crew: 3

Weaponry: 90mm gun & 7.62mm MG or 12.7mm AA MG

Remarks: Three smoke dischargers on each side of turret.

BTR-50

Speed: 44 km/h Crew: 2

Weaponry: 7.62mm MG

Remarks: Capable of carrying 20 infantry; OT-62B/C models

available.

ALVIS SARACEN

Speed: 72 km/h Crew: 2

Weaponry: 2x7.62mm MG

Remarks: Capable of carrying 10 infantry.

PANHARD AML

Speed: 90 km/h Crew: 3

Weaponry: 90mm gun/7.62mm MG/HOT ATGM

Remarks: Recon vehicle.

ANTIARMOR

RPG-7V

Range: 500 m Penetration: 260 mm

Guidance: Optical

AT-5 Spandrel

Range: 4000 m Penetration: 500-600 mm

Guidance: SACLOS wire

MILAN

Range: 25-2000 m Penetration: 1060 mm

Guidance: LOS wire

AT-4 SPIGOT

Range: 70-2500 m Penetration: 600 mm

Guidance: LOS wire

SAGGER

Range: 500-3000 m Penetration: 400 mm+

Guidance: LOS wire

SWATTER

Range: 600-2500 m Penetration: 400 mm+

Guidance: Radio link

HOT

Range: 75-4000 m Penetration: 850 mm

Guidance: LOS wire

Remarks: Four HOTs may be installed on Gazelle & 6 HOTs on BO

105 helicopters.

FIRE SUPPORT

2SI-SP GUN/HOW

Caliber: 122mm Range: 15300 m

Ammo: HE, Smoke, HEAT-FS

Rate of fire: 5 rds/min

2S3-SP GUN/HOW

Caliber: 152mm Range: 27000 m

Ammo: HE, Chemical, HEAT-FS, AP-T, Smoke & Illum

Rate of fire: 4 rds/min

D-20 GUN/HOW

Caliber: 152mm Range: 17000 m

Ammo: HE, CP, AP-T, Illum, Heat, Smoke, Chemical

Rate of fire: 5 rds/min

GHN-45 GUN/HOW

Caliber: 155mm Range: 30300 m

Ammo: HE, Illum, Smoke

Rate of fire: 2-7 rds/min

G-5 GUN/HOW

Caliber: 155mm Range: 39000 m

Ammo: HE, Illum, Smoke, WP

Rate of fire: 3 rds/min

M-46 GUN

Caliber: 130mm Range: 27500 m

Ammo: HE, AP-T, Chemical, Illum, Smoke

Rate of fire: 1-2 rds/min

D-30 HOW

Caliber: 122mm Range: 15300 m

Ammo: HE, HEAR-FS, Chemical, Illum, Smoke

Rate of fire: 1-2 rds/min

BM-21 MRL

Caliber: 122mm (40 tubes) Range: 20500 m

Ammo: HE, Smoke, Chemical, WP

Rate of fire: 40 rds every 10 min

FM-13/16 MRL

Caliber: 132mm Range: 8000 m

Ammo: HE

Rate of fire: 16 rds every 15 min

M-1937 (ML-20) GUN/HOW

Caliber: 152mm Range: 17000 m

Ammo: HE, AP-T, Heat, Illum, Smoke

Rate of fire: 4 rds/min

M-1943 D-1 HOW

Caliber: 152mm Range: 12400 m

Ammo: HE, CP, Heat, Illum, Chemical

Rate of fire: 1 rd/min

TYPE 63 MRL

Caliber: 107mm Range: 10100 m

Ammo: HE

Rate of fire: 12 rds in 15 sec

TYPE 66 GUN/HOW

Caliber: 152mm Range: 17200 m

Ammo: HE, Smoke

Rate of fire: 3 rds/min

MORTAR

Caliber: 120 mm Range: 5700 m

Ammo: HE, Smoke, Illum

Rate of fire: 15 rds/min

MORTAR

Caliber: 82mm Range: 3100 m

Ammo: HE, Smoke

Rate of fire: 15 rds/min

AIR DEFENSE

ZSU-23/4

Target: Helicopters and low-flying aircraft

Caliber: 23 mm guns Range: 2500 m

Rate of fire: 850-1000 rds/min per gun

Guidance: Radar

SA-8 GECKO

Target: Low-to-medium altitude high-performance aircraft and

helicopters

Range: 15000 m Altitude: 10-12200 m

Guidance: Radar

SA-9 GASKIN

Target: Helicopters and slow-flying aircraft

Range: .8-5km Altitude: 10-4500 m

Guidance: Infrared homing

ROLAND I/II

Target: High-performance aircraft

Range: 700-6300 m Altitude: 10-5500 m

Guidance: Optical/radar

ZSU-57/2

Target: Helicopters and low-flying aircraft

Caliber: 57mm guns Range: 4000 m

Rate of fire: 105-120 rds/min

Guidance: Optical

SA-6 GAINFUL

Target: low-to-meduim altitude high-performance aircraft

Range: 4-24 km Altitude: 15 km

Guidance: Semiactive homing

M-53/59 & M-53/70

Target: Aerial & ground

Caliber: 30mm gun

Range: Light-Armored Vehicles - 2000 m; Aerial - 3000 m

Rate of fire: 420-450 rds/min per gun

Guidance: Tracer observation (aerial) Telescope (ground)

100 MM KS-19

Target: Aerial & ground

Range: 12600 m

Rate of fire: 15 rds/min

Penetration: 185 mm at 500 m/170 mm at 1000 m

Guidance: Radar/direct fire optical

85 MM M-1939 KS-12

Target: Aerial & ground

Range: 10000 m

Rate of fire: 15-20 rd/min

Guidance: Radar/optical

57 MM S-60

Target: Helicopters and slow-flying aircraft

Range: 4000 m

Rate of fire: 105-120 rds/min

Guidance: Optical & radar

37 MM M-1939

Target: Helicopters and slow-flying aircraft

Range: 4000 m

Rate of fire: 160-180 rds/min

Guidance: Optical

I HAWK

Target: High-performance Aircraft

Range: Low altitude: 3500-16000 m

High altitude: 2000-32000 m

Guidance: Radar

SA-7 GRAIL

Target: Helicopters & slow-flying aircraft

Range: .7-5 km

Altitude: 10-4500 m

Guidance: Infrared homing

AIRCRAFT

FIXED WING

MIG-23 FLOGGER

Mission: Fighter/ground attack

Speed: Approx 725 mph at sea level

Weaponry: 23mm gun, 2 APEX missiles, 2 or 4 APHID or 2 ATOLL

missiles, 57mm and 80mm rockets, 1000-lb bombs, surface-to-air

missiles

MIRAGE F-1

Mission: Multirole air-superiority/ground attack

Speed: Approx 625 mph at sea level

Weaponry: Two 30mm cannon & over 8800-lb operational load with a

mix of missiles, bombs and rockets

MIG-21 FISHBED

Mission: Close air support

Speed: Approx 675 mph at sea level

Weaponry: Twin-barrel 23mm gun, bombs and 57mm rockets

SU-17 FITTER

Mission: Attack

Speed: Approx 725 mph at sea level

Weaponry: 30mm gun, 7000+-lb bombs, rocket and guided missiles

capability

SU-25 FROGFOOT

Mission: Close air support

Speed: 540 mph

Weaponry: 30mm gun/57mm to 330mm rockets/laser-guided

missiles/500-kg incendiary, HE, antipersonnel and chemical

cluster bombs

ROTARY WING

HIND

Mission: Assault/attack

Speed: 185mph

Weaponry: 12.7mm MG/ATGM (Swatter)/57mm rocket/80mm rocket/twin

23mm guns/3300lbs of chemical and conventional bombs

Lift capability: 8 men (1 squad)

Remarks: Mine dispenser; capable/may be part of hunter/killer

team operations.

GAZELLE

Mission: Attack

Speed: 140 mph

Weaponry: Two 7.6mm MG or 20mm gun/two pods 68mm or 2.75 in

rockets, 4-6 HOT ATGMs

Remarks: May be part of hunter/killer team operations.

ASSAULT HELICOPTERS

MI-8 HIP

Mission: Assault/airlift

Speed: 155 mph

Weaponry: 12.7mm MG/57mm rocket/ATGM capable

Lift capability: 24 men

Remarks: Uprated model, MI-17 (HIP H) has been observed; improved

performance/cockpit armor with additional 23mm gun packs

BO-105

Mission: Attack

Speed: 168 mph

Weaponry: 6 HOT ATGMs, 7.62mm guns, 80mm rockets

Remarks: May be part of hunter/killer team operations.

ALOUETTE

Mission: Attack

Speed: 95-100 mph

Weaponry: 7.62mm MG/20mm fun/or 2 or 4 ATGMs or 68 mm rocket pod

Remarks: May be part of hunter/killer team operations

INDIVIDUAL WEAPONS CREW-SERVED WEAPONS

SGM MEDIUM MACHINE GUN

Ammo: 7.62mm

Effective range: 1000 m

Rate of fire: 650 rds/min

DSHK HEAVY MACHINE GUN

Ammo: 12.7mm

Effective range: 2000 m

Rate of fire: 575 rds/min

CHEMICAL AGENTS

The Iraqis may mix blister agent mustard and nerve agents tabun and sarin with artillery fire.

Delivery systems are:

• bombs
• rockets
• artillery shells
• aircraft-delivered sprays

Table of Contents
The Iraqi Threat: Tactics and Organization
The Iraqi Threat: Insignia