Army Digitization Master Plan '96
8. ASSESSMENT STRATEGY
8.1 Overview
Assessment of warfighting capability for forces equipped with digitization technologies will be based primarily on timely and cost-effective evaluation exercises such as the series of planned AWEs. Validation will also include the implementation of training programs and strategies; results from related operational and developmental tests; and the outcomes of modeling and simulation (M/S) efforts.
The ability to capitalize on opportunities for early testing, experimentation, and simulation in the Battle Lab environment will result in the early identification of problems and required solutions. Army analytic, test, and evaluation communities will be involved in assessing the effectiveness of technologies, doctrine, procedures, and force structures throughout the process. Operational Performance Objectives (OPO), Measures of Effectiveness (MOE), and Measures of Performance (MOP) are established to assess specific changes and track their effect over time. These measures focus on increases in force lethality, survivability, and tempo.
The assessment strategy is guided by the Experimentation Master Plan (EXMP) and structured around a rolling baseline concept which links the efforts leading up to implementation of Force XXI. These include the primary simulation efforts (live, virtual, and constructive modeling), ACTDs, ATDs, and supporting efforts of combat and materiel developers. As the Army moves toward Force XXI, the rolling baseline concept can provide an assessment status of current capabilities at any point in time. It also documents trends of improved force effectiveness to support decisions on implementing concepts and systems, including DTLOMS and TTP.
The rolling baseline moves away from a single event-oriented success/failure philosophy. It uses data from relevant preceding experiments and exercises as the baseline for the next experiment or exercise. The assumption is that there should be a trend in improved force effectiveness over time as new system technologies, doctrine, procedures, and force structures are introduced. Since experiments will focus on different employment concepts, the idea of showing a trend over time provides a means to assess which concepts have the greatest potential. M/S are key to screening new concepts and establishing new and revised goals for each new cycle of anticipated improvements. Developing stable scenarios—especially for the larger constructive simulations—will facilitate study responsiveness and the ability to compare the effects of new capabilities to those in the baseline.
This cyclic process supports the ADO's evaluation of the value-added by digitization, while minimizing the need for large scale, costly field experiments and exercises. AEPG will be the forum to facilitate the close coordination and cooperation needed among the M/S, system developer, evaluation, and test communities.
8.2 Experimentation, Testing, and Evaluation
In executing the Joint Venture Campaign Plan, the Army will conduct a series of AWEs and BLWEs to demonstrate improvements in force effectiveness as a result of fielding digital information technologies and implementing changes in organizational designs and TTP. These experiments will be designed to provide insights and yield data to address operational force effectiveness and system level performance issues. Appliques and modernization equipment will be examined in these experiments to establish an early understanding of their warfighting potential. Each experiment will build upon the results of previous experiments, creating the rolling baseline to measure increases in force effectiveness.
Opportunities for data collection will also occur in the course of fielding digitization equipment to the EXFOR. For example, during scheduled individual and crew training on the operation and use of the equipment, data will be obtained on both system performance and suitability. By taking advantage of these opportunities, the need and/or scope of separate operational and technical tests should be diminished.
In general, there will be five classes of experimentation and testing conducted to support the development and evaluation processes:
- DIL certification and preliminary examination of prototype hardware and software to verify ability to perform critical functions and meet interoperability requirements.
- Virtual, constructive, or live BLWEs to examine new equipment, processes, and force design issues, providing significant opportunities for rigorous data collection to satisfy evaluation requirements.
- AWEs conducted in a tactically rigorous environment to confirm experimental hypotheses regarding increases in warfighting capability while minimizing interference with training, realism, and other objectives.
- Technical tests (TTs) conducted after successful DIL certification and in parallel /coordination with BLWEs and operational tests. TTs take place in stressful and controlled environments and confirm that critical technical parameters and contractual specifications have been met.
- Operational tests (OTs) conducted to obtain data on total system performance when employed by representative soldiers in an operational environment. OTs will be conducted as necessary to fill data voids in order to provide credible operational assessments for subsequent procurement and fielding decisions.
8.2.1 Advanced Technology Demonstrations (ATDs) and Advanced Concept Technology Demonstrations (ACTDs)
ATDs seek to mature advanced technology and demonstrate its potential for enhanced military operational capability and/or cost-effectiveness. They are complex and often resource-intensive; involve operators/users from planning through final documentation; are tested in a real and/or synthetic operational environment; are typically completed in five years or less; and are cost, schedule, and performance baselined.
Before technology can make the stepped transition from concept exploration to development, it must meet or exceed exit criteria mutually agreed by the user and/or Battle Lab and the ATD manager. This helps the user develop more informed requirements and assists the materiel developer in reducing risk prior to entering a formal system development phase.
ACTDs are also jointly planned by the warfighter and acquisition communities, with sponsorship by a Unified Command strongly desired. ACTDs seek to have the user evaluate the military utility of the concept before committing to future acquisition and developing corresponding concepts of operation and doctrine that optimize the new capability.
8.2.2 Advanced Warfighting Experiments (AWEs) and Other Digitization-Related Experiments
Through an iterative series of modeling, simulations, and AWEs, Joint Venture focuses on providing early digitized capabilities; organizational redesign; and new TTP. Two 1994 events—Desert Hammer and Desert Capture III—became the baseline for follow-on AWEs. Five AWEs conducted in 1995 have been fundamental in helping to determine the design of future units: Atlantic Resolve, Theater Missile Defense, Prairie Warrior/Mobile Strike Force, Focused Dispatch, and Warrior Focus. These AWEs revealed much about the capabilities of advanced technologies and how best to employ them to meet the operational challenges of the 21st Century.
Sufficient train-up time precedes each AWE to allow participating units to become proficient in the fielded digital capability and refine their TTP. This time also provides data collection opportunities for independent agencies to gather empirical data for subsequent analysis to determine the value-added from insertion of battle command digital technologies. Each experiment is an iterative process to establish a rolling baseline for subsequent experiments.
Experimentation and testing of digital information technology will be designed to determine adequacy of requirements; to identify the best use of new capabilities; and to collect data necessary to provide credible evaluations in support of procurement decisions. Continuous evaluation through constructive, virtual, and live experiments and separate operational and technical testing will verify equipment progress toward meeting mission needs and performance objectives.
8.2.2.1 Atlantic Resolve
Atlantic Resolve—formerly called Reforger—was conducted by United States Army Europe (USAREUR) in November 1994 as a large-scale, joint and combined deployment and theater campaign. It provided valuable insights about linking disparate constructive, virtual, and live simulations in a common synthetic theater of war (STOW). As the STOW concept matures, it will become an integral component of the Division XXI and Corps XXI AWEs.
8.2.2.2 Prairie Warrior/Mobile Strike Force (PW/MSF)
The PW/MSF 95 AWE was conducted in May 1995 by the TRADOC Battle Command Battle Lab at Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas, to explore force design for Force XXI. The AWE used officers from the Command and General Staff College commanding and controlling a simulated 21st Century division. The MSF was used to examine issues associated with a new land combat force structure derived from TRADOC Pamphlet 525-5. The AWE used the constructive Corps Battle Simulation (CBS) to experiment with various new designs and future equipment.
An additional objective was to look at how the division TOC could be reorganized and streamlined around information, and which 21st Century technologies had the greatest impact on this operational construct. No applique hardware or software was available for PW/MSF 95, but the ATCCS family of systems, Terrain Evaluation Module, prototype Phoenix system, Log Anchor Desk, and other technologies were employed. It was observed that the digitized battle staff did not offer significant advantages over the traditional staff structure. However, the limitations of the simulation, student inexperience with the digitized equipment, and the use of immature technologies prevented an examination of warfighting concepts as originally intended.
8.2.2.3 Theater Missile Defense (TMD) AWE
The TMD AWE conducted in May 1995 was a Joint Service exercise that used a combination of live, virtual, and constructive simulations to provide a holistic review of National, Joint, and Army capabilities. The purpose was to evaluate the ability of a cohesive TMD force to counter the enemy across multiple operational phases (pre-attack, attack, and post-attack). The TMD AWE combined attack, active defense, and passive defense operations with a robust C4I system. The effect to be obtained from the combination of forces and C4I was a strategic force that allowed no sanctuary for conventional and unconventional tactical and ballistic missile threat operations. The AWE provided an initial examination of the EAC perspective on issues associated with TMD for the digitization baseline assessment.
TMD used C3 technology insertions from ATDs and ACT II programs such as Common Ground Station; Digital Battlefield Communications; Battlefield Distributed Simulation-Developmental; and Anti-Armor and Ferret Simulations. Applique technology was not available for this AWE. The primary item of interest to the ADO was the application of the integrated TOC structures at brigade and joint task force levels. These TOCs proved the potential of integrated and co-located ATCCS equipment. Lessons learned are expected to be applied during follow-on AWEs.
8.2.2.4 Focused Dispatch AWE
Focused Dispatch was a series of Mounted Battlespace Battle Lab (MBBL)-sponsored experiments conducted from April through August 1995 at Ft. Knox, Kentucky. Constructive, virtual, and live simulations were employed to gain training development and small unit effectiveness insights for digitized forces. A battalion task force organization was used to address the organizational, doctrinal and TTP changes necessary to fully realize the potential offered by digital information and communications connectivity. Focused Dispatch assumed that full connectivity functions were in place, while discrete systems were not assessed for their individual contribution to force effectiveness. Objectives included maximizing information connectivity; determining needed changes in command processes and functions; and adjusting organizational mixes to take advantage of potential digital benefits and improve lethality, survivability, and tempo.
Digital systems at the battalion level included IVIS and the B2C2 communications software to link IVIS, ATCCS, and various non-digitized platforms. Appliques were not available for this AWE, but the prototype B2C2 software offered the same basic functionality. The ADO's primary interest in Focused Dispatch was the development of digitized TTP for the EXFOR's TF XXI mechanized and armor units. In addition, the ADO hoped to gain insights into what functions/displays are most useful during various phases of the operation and what additional functionality/displays are needed that can be made a part of the applique.
8.2.2.5 Warrior Focus AWE
Warrior Focus established a baseline for the digitization of the dismounted soldier in a mixed light-heavy task force with Special Operating Forces (SOF) attached. The AWE was conducted at the Joint Training Readiness Center at Ft. Polk, Louisiana, in November 1995. The Dismounted Battlespace Battle Lab (DBBL) planned to look across all the BOSs and concentrate on warfighting benefits to support Force XXI doctrine, equipment and tactics. Warrior Focus experimented with digital technology—similar to the planned capabilities of the dismounted version of the applique—using B2C2 software to link the soldier to the battalion and establish links across the BOSs. Prototype communications and other systems from ATD and ACTD programs were also examined during the experiments, such as DBC, BCIS, Combined Arms Command and Control (CAC2), and the Rapid Force Projection Initiative. The ADO's interest in Warrior Focus is in several areas directly supporting the TF XXI AWE, such as development of digital TTP for the EXFOR's light and mechanized infantry units; insights into the functioning and functionality of the DSSU; and a preliminary basis of issue plan for digital equipment for the dismounted soldier.
8.2.2.6 Prairie Warrior 96
Planning has just begun for Prairie Warrior 96. Prairie Warrior will exercise the proposed Force XXI Division design, with elements from the EXFOR serving as players. The ADO's interest is in TOC development and design, integration of the ATCCS systems, and the maturity of MCS/P system development. Also of interest is the identification of simulation improvements to support the evaluation of digitization during the Division XXI AWE.
8.2.2.7 Joint Warfighting Interoperability Demonstrations (JWIDs)
JWID 95 was one in a continuing series of Joint Staff-sponsored demonstrations oriented on interoperability and joint operations objectives that are intended to advance the C4I for the Warrior concept. Army demonstrations for JWID 95 are grouped into five areas:
- Battlespace Management: providing the Joint Task Force commander the capability to maintain a common picture of the situation with his subordinate components using C4I systems and networks.
- Communications and Networks: focusing on transmission as opposed to application.
- Distributed Collaborative Planning: orienting on processes providing real-time, simultaneous interaction among multiple users, using a wide variety of planning tools.
- Knowledge-based Information Presentation: demonstrating systems designed to allow the commander to concentrate on product rather than process, by constructing user-friendly interactive interfaces between the decision maker and the complex collection of automated and manual information resources.
- Warrior Smart Push/Pull: advancing the art of obtaining and providing information.
The ADO's interest in the results of JWID 95 is mainly on the viability of the demonstrated technologies for continued development and incorporation into digital communications and networks. These include TMG ISYSCON network management and satellite communications technologies. In addition, connectivity was demonstrated with elements from the United Kingdom.
JWID 96 is in the initial planning stages, with the Army designated as the lead Service. It is expected that there will be significant multinational play in the exercise. Unlike previous JWIDs, JWID 96 is envisioned to be a four-phased experiment. Phase 1 will entail setting up the network and demonstrating its viability; Phase 2 will demonstrate the latest C4I capabilities to the Warfighter; Phase 3 will train the digitized battle staff on selected C4I systems; and Phase 4 will be the C4I Joint Warfighter Exercise. The focus for the ADO will be on assessing digitized links between the joint task force and a division headquarters.
8.2.2.8 Force XXI AWEs
The critical event taking place from June 1996 through February 1997 will be the TF XXI AWE. This will be the first of three major AWEs at brigade, division and corps levels designed to test digitally-based concepts, organizations, and equipment prior to fielding Force XXI. The TF XXI AWE begins with equipment fielding and operator training; progresses through unit train-up and exercises of increasing scope and complexity; and culminates in a brigade-level exercise conducted at the NTC. All AWEs will include varying degrees of participation from the other Services.
The major goals of the AWEs are to:
The EXMP prepared by PEO C3S will guide the initial assessment of the applique during the TF XXI AWE. OPTEC and the Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity (AMSAA)—the Army's independent evaluators—will coordinate their evaluation support through the EXMP in conjunction with the ADO, materiel developer, TRADOC, AMC (CECOM), and FORSCOM.
The objectives for the TF XXI AWE are to:
TF XXI will allow the Army to examine the effects of digitization at the brigade task force level. The series of scheduled training events will provide slices of information pertinent to the effects that the digital applique will have at various levels of the force. This will be the first full-up look at applique hardware and software. Once the analysis of the TF XXI AWE is completed, it will become the rolling baseline for future exercise comparisons.
8.2.2.8.1 Marine Corps Participation in Task Force XXI
During the TF XXI AWE, the Marine Corps Systems Command will simulate a ground-heavy MEU to investigate digital interoperability means at all echelons of the ground combat element. The special purpose Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF) will include elements of infantry, tank, assault amphibian, and light armored reconnaissance units to cover the widest variety of potential ground platforms. Capabilities to be demonstrated by the Marines in each segment of the program are:
Marine participation in the TF XXI AWE will consist of a series of experiments and evaluations, beginning in June 1996 and ending in February 1997. The following experiments will be designed to measure improvements in unit combat effectiveness as a result of information technology improvements:
All experiments will be structured so that interoperability evaluations with equivalent Army systems can be made. Interoperability with Navy and Air Force systems will also be examined.
8.2.2.8.2 Air Force Participation in Task Force XXI
During TF XXI, Air Force support to the Army will be orchestrated by the Tactical Air Control Party (TACP) at the brigade and maneuver battalion levels. Current plans are to outfit the TACP with a DSSU-based position-navigation device (PND) within the TACPs’ tracked and wheeled vehicles. Currently there is no direct digital link between FBCB2 and the Air Force Digital Communication Terminal (DCT). Any information received from an applique will have to be re-entered into the DCT for ground-to-air transmission. The Air National Guard is testing the use of EPLRS coupled with a Situation Awareness Digital Link (SADL) in fighter aircraft. An Army EPLRS ground station will be provided to serve as a net control station for transmitting situation awareness data to supporting aircraft.
8.2.2.9 Division XXI and Corps XXI AWEs
The Division XXI AWE will feature a division-level BCTP-type CPX exercise in November 1997, preceded by a SIMEX in September 1997. The Division XXI AWE will examine the connectivity within a division and between the division and its corps slices, providing the Army with a first look at the Digital Division. Analyses and lessons learned from Division XXI AWE will then form the rolling baseline for a Corps AWE to be tentatively conducted in FY99, with scope and objectives to be determined.
For the Division XXI AWE, the Marine Corps will simulate a balanced MEU by increasing the degree of play for aviation units compared to TF XXI. For the Corps XXI AWE, Marine Corps participation will be determined by the results of the prior AWEs.
8.2.3 Force Development Test and Evaluation (FDTE) and Initial Operational Test and Evaluation (IOTE)
Recent downscoping of the Division XXI and Corps XXI AWEs has significantly reduced the amount of experimentation data that was originally to have been collected. As a result, a full FDTE (FY98) and IOTE (FY99) will be conducted prior to a Milestone III decision on procurement and fielding of the applique systems (see section 7.3.2 for a full description). A Test Integration Working Group (TIWG) chaired by PM Applique is working on scope and funding estimates and the development of a required TEMP. TRADOC will be responsible for revising the FBCB2 ORD and developing the COIC, which will emanate from the results of the TF XXI AWE and other parallel Force XXI initiatives.
8.3 Digital Integrated Lab (DIL) and Interoperability Certification
The DIL is a subordinate element to the CECOM Research, Development and Engineering Center (CERDEC) at Ft. Monmouth, New Jersey. The purpose of the DIL is to evaluate system-to-system, link-to-link, and net-to-net interoperability for all systems which are required to interoperate in the Force XXI AWEs. The DIL develops, maintains, improves, and recommends certification for interoperability between and among C4I and Electronic Warfare (EW) hardware and software. All C3 systems which must interoperate are required to be certified by the DIL prior to participation in AWEs. Systems being developed, systems already fielded, and S&T programs are also encouraged to use the DIL to develop and verify their interoperability.
The DIL is a dynamic, integrated facility that can be rapidly reconfigured to replicate diverse existing and evolving tactical C3I/EW systems–of–systems in quasi-battlefield environments. It consists of interconnected distributed laboratories, test beds, battle labs, field sites, contractor testbeds, and simulation facilities, along with on-site technical engineering expertise at each location. This allows comprehensive evaluations of new prototypes, evolutionary system developments, continuous systems sustainment, and systems interoperability through the application of new technologies, tactics, and doctrinal, organizational and operational concepts.
The DIL performs the following four AWE support functions:
A sampling of the many systems expected to participate in the DIL certification process are listed in Figure 8-1. Interoperability certification verifies that each combination of different systems and equipment used in the operational environment is interoperable and considers the transmitting and receiving hardware and software; communication/transmission media/devices; associated protocols; and message types.
Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System AFATDS All Source Analysis System ASAS Applique Applique V1,V2,V3 Army Airborne Command and Control System A2C2S Automated Nuclear, Biological, Chemical Information ANBACIS System Battle Command Identification System BCIS Bradley Stinger Fighting Vehicle–Enhanced BSFV-E Command and Control Vehicle C2V Dismounted Soldier System Unit DSSU Enhanced Position Location Reporting System–VHSIC EPLRS–VHSIC Forward Area Air Defense Command, Control and FAADC2I Intelligence Lightweight Video Reconnaissance System LVRS Maneuver Control System/PHOENIX MCS/P Mission Planning and Rehearsal System MPRS Mortar Fire Control System MFCS Position Location Ground Receiver PLGR SINCGARS SIP/INC SINCGARS SIP/INC
Figure 8-1 DIL Certification Participants (Extract)
In addition to CERDEC facilities at Ft. Monmouth, the DIL provides connectivity via the Army Interoperability Network (AIN) and the Defense Simulation Internet (DSI) to other C3I/EW facilities at Ft. Monmouth, the Battle Labs, the JITC, and other government and contractor facilities. The core of the DIL can be rapidly reconfigured to meet the needs of potential customers and can be electronically extended to the customer's location. The concept of a distributed test is based on the cost effectiveness of being able to use a facility or system via remote access instead of bringing the system or facility to a central location or having another facility or system built at the central location. This distributed architecture normally has three components: a central core; the remote facilities and/or systems; and the communication network that ties it all together. DIL efforts will improve system performance and quality by identifying interoperability issues early in system design and providing the materiel developer with opportunities to modify and adjust the system without major programmatic impacts.
8.4 User Jury Process
A user jury has been established to conduct FBCB2 software assessments to ensure that timely, meaningful feedback is provided to PM Applique. Duplication of work is avoided and efforts are optimized by incorporating previous rapid prototyping lessons learned by other Battle Labs and by making use of contractor testing.
The MBBL is the TRADOC lead for the user jury assessment. The jury is composed of personnel representing each TRADOC school component, plus representatives from the USAF, USMC, and the EXFOR. The exact composition of the group determined by the MBBL Director in coordination with HQ TRADOC, the EXFOR, and BOS proponents. Representatives from PM Applique, ADO, and TRW will be invited to observe the proceedings.
The MBBL will use the assessment process to develop lessons learned from Focused Dispatch to provide TTP for TF XXI. The user jury will convene in conjunction with each software build release; provide critical review and comments; and repeat the process as often as required. Using the appliques at Ft. Knox, the user jury will link via the AIN to the DIL at CECOM, the EXFOR at Ft. Hood, and to functional proponents for electronic connectivity and rapid contractor feedback.
The user jury process reduces the risk of developing software by re–using previously developed code as a basis for providing new functionality and incremental software deliveries. Feedback from the user jury and system engineering analyses will guide incremental software releases prior to TF XXI. Consequently, TF XXI software will undergo four user cycles plus nine months of hands–on experience prior to the TF XXI exercise at the NTC. Assessments will also feed development of digital training support packages for the EXFOR.
8.5 Funding Strategy
AWEs and BLWEs are primarily funded by TRADOC. The ADO views BLWEs and other off-line experiments as stepping stones to the larger AWEs and ultimately to the Force XXI objective. As such, the ADO supports these efforts by assisting in defining the objectives of the various experiments and providing qualified funding for hardware and software necessary to fulfill digitization objectives. Comprehensive funding for AWEs, specific digitization objectives, and DTLOMS development is a coordinated process with the ARSTAF, TRADOC, ASA(RDA), and the ADO working together to identify and resolve funding issues associated with each AWE on a case-by-case basis.
8.6 Modeling and Simulation (M/S)
Models and simulations are used throughout the digitization effort to evaluate operational and technical architectures, alternative technologies, interoperability, and force effectiveness issues. An objective simulation environment is needed to support digitization design, development, training, and experimentation. This objective environment integrates system performance models, constructive models, and virtual simulations through the use of Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) in a seamless evaluation environment.
All M/S agencies within the Army have been working together to ensure that M/S is available to support TF XXI and follow-on efforts. Primary agencies include the Army Simulation Strategic Planning Office (DAMO-ZS) as the focal point for M/S on the ARSTAF; the TRADOC Analysis Center (TRAC) as the lead analytic agency for Force XXI; the National Simulation Center and the Simulation, Training and Instrumentation Command (STRICOM) as developers of Army training simulations; and CECOM as the Army agent for C4 modeling. This objective environment integrates system performance models, constructive models, and virtual simulations through the use of common representations. These include system and technology performance, architecture designs, network components established by CECOM, and environmental impacts (e.g., electronic warfare) established by the Test and Evaluation Command (TECOM).
All M/S used to support the ADO assessment of digital communications will be verified and validated by the sponsoring/developing organization and accredited by the using organization. This verification and validation requirement includes combinations of separate models, such as a digital radio model interacting with simulators in a DIS mode. Data requirements to properly calibrate the models must be clearly identified by the M/S organization, with the required data collected during live experiments by the test agency.
8.6.1 System and Network Design and Performance
The CAC2 ATD is developing system performance models and simulations to support the design and development of the applique and Tactical Internet. The CAC2 ATD provides models and simulations of the following: SINCGARS SIP and EPLRS VHSIC radios; terrain and propagation effects; MIL STD 188-220A; Internet protocols; routers; INCs; direct broadcast and MSE packet networks. These simulations are being used separately and in combination for trade-off studies involving protocols, technologies, and performance parameters.
8.6.2 Force XXI Training and Experimentation
DAMO-ZS, the National Simulation Center, and AMC (CECOM and STRICOM) will coordinate DIS modeling and simulation development efforts to insure that training and experiments supported by DIS have realistic network and system performance representations. Two elements are required: integration of realistic communications and integration of the applique. Integration of SINCGARS and EPLRS radios developed under the CAC2 ATD has been accomplished and was used for the first time during Focused Dispatch to provide realistic communications between the live experiment and virtual simulation networking (SIMNET) elements. STRICOM is currently exploring engineering alternatives to integrate the applique into SIMNET in support of the EXFOR train-up period, which begins in June 1996. Once this integration is accomplished, the TRADOC Battle Labs and EXFOR expect to use DIS to explore issues dealing with man-machine interfaces, use of digitally provided information, and concepts of employment.
TRADOC has also identified an approach to integrate the applique into the JANUS model to support EXFOR training. The ADO tasked CECOM and the Battle Command Battle Lab at Ft. Gordon to identify C3 improvements for other Force XXI models and simulations, such as brigade-and-below and corps-and-below simulations needed to support the Division XXI AWE. A Division XXI PAT has also been formed to further define required simulation improvements. Both models require enhancements to C3 representations inside the simulations, as well as an ability to link with SIMNET and actual C4I systems. An interface is also needed to allow the applique to interact directly with these simulations.
8.6.3 Force XXI Force Effectiveness Assessments
CECOM and TRAC are working together to incorporate appropriate characteristics of the CAC2 ATD system performance models into various force-on-force constructive models (CASTFOREM and JANUS). This will enhance the play of C3 systems and subsequent C3 impacts on force effectiveness. Constructive force-on-force models and simulations are key to the rolling baseline assessment concept proposed for Force XXI AWEs. This cyclic modeling process supports the ADO's evaluation of the value-added by digitization, while minimizing the need for large scale, costly field experiments and exercises.
8.7 Assessments and Evaluations
In summary, the assessment strategy has the capability to provide an assessment of current capabilities at any time and to document trends of improved force effectiveness. Since the assessments will consider information from all data sources, they will support numerous decision points for materiel programs, to include the Applique. For example, the post-TF XXI assessment will consider and report on all initiatives that participate in TF XXI. OPTEC will prepare the abbreviated operational assessments, operational assessments, and test and evaluation reports, while technical evaluations will be prepared by AMSAA in support of subsequent IPRs and materiel decisions.
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