COVER

PREFACE

CHAPTER 1. CONCEPTS

General

Types of Crossings

Hasty

Deliberate

Retrograde

Crossing Fundamentals

Surprise

Extensive Preparation

Flexible Plan

Traffic Control

Organization

Speed

CHAPTER 2. TERRAIN AND ENEMY

General

Estimate of the Situation

Tactical Requirements

Terrain

Characteristics

Military Aspects

Current

Water Measurements

Water Changes

Obstructions

The Friendly Shore

The Enemy Shore

Intelligence

Priority Intelligence Requirements (PIR)

Information Collection

Threat

River Defense

Offensive River Crossing

CHAPTER 3. COMMAND AND CONTROL

General

Organization

Control Elements

Division Headquarters

Brigade Headquarters

Communications

Control Measures

Release Lines (RLs)

Crossing Areas

Waiting Areas

Engineer Equipment Parks (EEPs)

Traffic-Control Posts

Engineer Regulating Points

Crossing Plan

Crossing Control

Assault Across the River

Crossing-Area Operations

Transfer of Support Forces to Division

Movement Control

Retrograde Crossings

CHAPTER 4. PLANNING

General

The Planning Process

Analyzing the Mission

Developing COAs

Analyzing COAs

Comparing COAs

Producing Orders

CHAPTER 5. DIVISION DELIBERATE RIVER CROSSING

General

Phases of a Deliberate River Crossing

The River Crossing

Advance to the River (Phase I)

Assault Across the River (Phase II)

Advance From the Exit Bank (Phase III)

Secure the Bridgehead Line (Phase IV)

Continuation of the Attack

CHAPTER 6. RETROGRADE OPERATIONS

General

Retrograde Types

Delay

Withdrawal

Retirement

Denial Measures

Planning

CHAPTER 7. CROSSING SITES

General

Crossing-Site Selection

Planning

Requirements

Entry/Exit Routes or Paths

Routes and Approaches

Waiting Areas

River Conditions

Banks

Bottoms

Enemy Situation

Site Analysis

Field Calculations

Measuring the Current's Velocity

Determining Slopes and Degrees

Measuring the River's Width

Calculating Downstream Drift

Rafts

Site Preparation

Rafting Sites

Rafting Operations

Maintenance and Refueling

Bridges

Site Organization

Night Operations

Actions Under Fire

Vehicle Recovery

Other Gap-Crossing Equipment

CHAPTER 8. ASSAULT CROSSING

General

Types of Assault Crossings

Rubber-Boat Crossing

Air-Assault Crossing

Vehicle-Swim Crossing

Organization

Support Force

Assault Force

Engineers

Preparation Phase of the Operation

Far-Shore Reconnaissance

Far-Shore Preparation

Nearshore Reconnaissance

Assault-Force Rehearsal

Execution Phase of the Operation

Attack-Position Procedures

Embarking Procedures

Tactical Control Afloat

Watermanship

Obscuring With Smoke

Direct-Fire Reaction

Indirect-Fire Reaction

Debarking Procedures

Boat Return

Motor Procedures

Cargo Procedures

Casualty Procedures

Safety

CHAPTER 9. ENGINEER OPERATIONS

General

ERP Operations

Rafting Operations

Bridge Operations

Swimming Operations

Engineer Contingency Bridging Operations

Assault Bridges, Long-Term Use

Maintenance

Anchorage

Protective Systems

Approaches

Long-Term Gap-Crossing C2

Multirole Bridge Company (MRBC)

Organization

Basic Concept

Implications

Training

APPENDIX A. METRIC CONVERSION CHART

APPENDIX B. ENGINEER-PLANNING CALCULATIONS

General

Engineer Planning

APPENDIX C. CROSSING MEANS

General

Descriptions of Crossing Means

Fording Vehicles

Amphibious Vehicles

Aircraft

Boats

Assault Launched Bridges

Rafts

Bridges