CHAPTER 1
MISSIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Section I. General
FM 100-10 RESPONSIBILITIES
Building and operating a TO port is a large and vital undertaking with many divisions of responsibility between Navy and Army forces. Engineers at the theater headquarters and the Theater Army Support Command (TASCOM) make basic decisions concerning ports including location, capacity, wharfage, and storage facilities. General responsibilities of the theater commander, theater Army commander, and TASCOM commander are stated in Field Manual (FM) 100-10.
TASCOM ASSISTANT CHIEF OF STAFF, MOVEMENTS
The TASCOM Assistant Chief of Staff, Movements (ACS,M) is responsible for port operations and liaison with the Navy, Coast Guard, and other military and authorized civilian agencies, from both the U. S. and allied countries. Army engineer responsibilities include minor salvage operations, such as clearing obstructions and debris from harbor entrances, and channel improvement. However, the Navy is responsible for large-scale salvaging operations. The ACS,M requests, advises, and makes recommendations concerning engineer operations.
Theater, theater Army, and TASCOM functions for construction of a specific port include--
a. Study of intelligence reports and all available reconnaissance applicable to each port area.
b. Tentative choice of ports or coastal areas to use as part of the overall strategic planning.
c. Assignment of the port mission.
d. Determination of port requirements.
e. Tentative choice of the construction, engineer units, special equipment, and material required.
ENGINEER RESPONSIBILITIES
Engineer units are responsible for port construction and rehabilitation. They coordinate all work with naval units engaged in harbor work such as clearance and salvage or neutralization of mines or underwater obstacles in the harbor. Engineer units coordinate with transportation units to assist in establishing construction requirements, plan construction, and recommend priorities.
TRANSPORTATION RESPONSIBILITIES
Transportation units operate the port facilities and coordinate construction needs with engineer units. They also assist in planning construction and recommending priorities.
Section II. Waterfront Utilities
WATER
a. Responsibilities.
(1) Quartermaster units are responsible for supplying potable water in the TO.
(2) Engineer units are responsible for construction and maintenance of water distribution facilities in the TO. Engineers are also responsible for water reconnaissance, well drilling, and water point improvement.
b. Methods. Even though newer ships can provide fresh water from sea water, not all ships making port calls in the TO can provide this service. Engineers must supply potable and nonpotable fresh water for these ships. Methods include--
(1) Fresh-water jetties similar to fueling jetties, with dolphins for mooring.
(2) Barges to supply ships moored offshore.
(3) Water supply at wharves. Operation orders normally specify that fresh water be piped and stored at the first deep-water berth.
c. Quantities. Daily requirements may go as high as 200,000 gallons. The logistics office determines potable and nonpotable water requirements for ports, including fire protection.
ELECTRICITY
a. Responsibilities. Engineer units are responsible for the construction, operation, and maintenance of electrical power distribution systems.
b. Sources. The source of electrical power is part of the integrated base design. Local electrical distribution systems and power generation stations are rehabilitated and used where possible. This may require electrical conversion equipment. Where no systems are available, military generators and/or Army Facilities Components System (AFCS) designs will be used. Assistance is available from the Office of the Chief of Engineers (OCE) Power Detachments.
c. Uses.
(1) Wharves or piers. Normally, only lighting is required. Wiring is in conduit. Overhead poles and lines are kept to a minimum. The DeLong pier has its own power generation capability.
(2) Area lighting.
(3) Street/road lighting.
(4) Security/perimeter lighting.
(5) Billets, administration, maintenance, and mess facilities.
FIRE PROTECTION
a. When engineers rehabilitate or construct ports, they ensure that there is adequate fire-fighting and fire-protection equipment. Engineers require water mains, hydrants, and standpipes/hoses supplemented by water sumps, buckets, and various types of hand extinguishers.
b. Fire-fighting units. Five fire-fighting teams are authorized:
(1) Team FA, fire-fighting headquarters.
(2) Team FB, fire trucks.
(3) Team FC, water trucks.
(4) Team FD, brush fire trucks.
(5) Team FE, aviation fire crash/rescue.
c. These teams, or their components, will provide port fire protection.
BULK PETROLEUM
a. Engineer units are responsible for the design, construction, rehabilitation, and major maintenance of bulk petroleum facilities from the high water point/mark downstream.
b. Quartermaster units are responsible for the operation and routine maintenance of bulk petroleum facilities.
Section III. Logistics-Over-the-Shore (LOTS) Operations
GENERAL
The Army needs LOTS to support cargo delivery to the TO. Army engineer units support LOTS missions because ports may be unavailable for long periods of time due to such causes as damage from combat, vulnerability to enemy combat action, or extended repair/construction. LOTS terminals handle at least 40 percent of all cargo entering contingency theaters by surface means. Rapid establishment of viable LOTS terminals depends on engineer units for construction and maintenance.
RESPONSIBILITIES
a. Transportation units have overall responsibility for LOTS. Each LOTS terminal is under the direct control of a transportation/terminal battalion which is made up of two service companies and appropriate support units.
b. Engineer units give construction, repair, and maintenance support to LOTS. An engineer unit may expect to encounter the following missions in supporting LOTS:
(1) Constructing semipermanent piers and causeways.
(2) Clearing beach obstacles.
(3) Preparing and stabilizing beaches.
(4) Constructing access and exit routes from beaches.
(5) Providing access to marshaling areas and adjoining LOTS sites.
(6) Constructing marshaling and storage areas.
(7) Constructing road and rail links to existing LOCs.
(8) Constructing utility systems.
(9) Constructing POL storage and distribution systems.
(10) Providing other assistance or maintenance support assigned by the terminal commander.
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